australasia revision 199336
1153761Swollman# <pre> 2199336Sedwin# @(#)australasia 8.15 3192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5153761Swollman 62742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 786464Swollman 82742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 92742Swollman 102742Swollman############################################################################### 112742Swollman 122742Swollman# Australia 132742Swollman 1486222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1586222Swollman 162742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1758787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 202742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 212742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 222742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 232742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2458787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2558787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2658787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 272742Swollman 282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 299908Swollman# Northern Territory 302742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 3130711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 322742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 339908Swollman# Western Australia 34169811Swollman# 35169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36169811SwollmanRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37169811SwollmanRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38169811SwollmanRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 39169811SwollmanRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40169811SwollmanRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 41169811SwollmanRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 42169811SwollmanRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 43169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 452742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 4658787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 47169811Swollman 8:00 AW WST 48169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49169811Swollman 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 50169811Swollman 8:45 AW CWST 51169811Swollman 529908Swollman# Queensland 5320094Swollman# 54149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5520094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5620094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5720094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5820094Swollman# 5920094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 6020094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 6120094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6220094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6320094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6420094Swollman# 6520094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6658787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6758787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 6821217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6921217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7058787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7158787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 722742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 7358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7421217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 7520094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 7658787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7758787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 7820094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 792742Swollman 809908Swollman# South Australia 812742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 8214343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8314343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 84171948SedwinRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8514343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 8614343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 8714343SwollmanRule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 8864499SwollmanRule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 8964499SwollmanRule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 9064499SwollmanRule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 9164499SwollmanRule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 9264499SwollmanRule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 93149514SwollmanRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94149514SwollmanRule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95171948SedwinRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 96171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 97171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 982742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 992742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 1002742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 10158787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 1022742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 1032742Swollman 1049908Swollman# Tasmania 105149514Swollman# 106149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 107149514Swollman# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 108149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 109149514Swollman# 1102742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11158787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 11258787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11314343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11414343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 11558787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11614343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11714343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11814343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11958787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 12014343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 12158787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 12258787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12358787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 124149514SwollmanRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 12558787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12658787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 127149514SwollmanRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128171948SedwinRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 129171948SedwinRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1312742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 13258787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 13358787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 13458787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1352742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 136149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 137149514Swollman 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 138149514Swollman 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 139149514Swollman 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 140149514Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1412742Swollman 1429908Swollman# Victoria 1432742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 14414343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14558787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14614343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 14714343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 14858787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 14958787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 15014343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151149514SwollmanRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 15258787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 153171948SedwinRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 154149514SwollmanRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155171948SedwinRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 156171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 157171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1592742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 16058787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1612742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1622742Swollman 1639908Swollman# New South Wales 1642742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16514343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 16614343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 16714343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16814343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16914343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 17014343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 17114343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 17243543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 17314343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 174149514SwollmanRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 17558787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176171948SedwinRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 177149514SwollmanRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178171948SedwinRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 179171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 180171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1822742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 18358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1842742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1852742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1862742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1872742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 18858787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 18958787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 19058787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1918029Swollman 19214343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19314343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19475267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 19575267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 19675267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19775267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 19875267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 19975267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 20075267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 201149514SwollmanRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 20275267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 203171948SedwinRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 204149514SwollmanRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205171948SedwinRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 206171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 207171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 2082742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2092742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 21014343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 2118029Swollman 21214343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2132742Swollman# 2142742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 21514343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 216169811Swollman# no times are set 2172742Swollman# 21814343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 21914343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 220169811Swollman# no times are set 22114343Swollman# 22230711Swollman# Macquarie 22330711Swollman# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 22458787Sru# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 225169811Swollman# like Australia/Hobart 2262742Swollman 22743014Swollman# Christmas 22843014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22943014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 23043014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2312742Swollman 2322742Swollman# Cook Is 233158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2342742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23519878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 23643014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 23743014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 2382742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2392742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 24019878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 24119878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2422742Swollman 2432742Swollman# Cocos 244149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 245149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 247149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 248149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2492742Swollman 2502742Swollman# Fiji 251199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 252199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 253199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 254199336Sedwin# 255199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 256199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 257199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 258199336Sedwin# </a> 259199336Sedwin# or 260199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 261199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 262199336Sedwin# </a> 263199336Sedwin 264199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 265199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 266199336Sedwin# amendments: 267199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 268199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 269199336Sedwin# </a> 27043543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 27175267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 27275267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 273199336SedwinRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 274199336SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Apr 25 3:00 0 - 2752742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2762742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 27743543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 2782742Swollman 2792742Swollman# French Polynesia 2802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2812742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 28219878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 2832742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 28419878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 2852742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 28619878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 28743014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 28843014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 2892742Swollman 2902742Swollman# Guam 2912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29275267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 29375267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 29475267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 29575267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 2962742Swollman 2972742Swollman# Kiribati 2982742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2992742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 30019878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 3012742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 30219878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 30319878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 30419878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 3052742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 30619878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 30719878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 30819878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 3092742Swollman 31014343Swollman# N Mariana Is 31114343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 31275267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 31375267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 31419878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 31575267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 31675267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 31714343Swollman 31814343Swollman# Marshall Is 31914343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 32014343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 32119878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 32219878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 32314343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 32419878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 32519878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 32619878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 32714343Swollman 32814343Swollman# Micronesia 32914343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 33014343SwollmanZone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 33119878Swollman 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 33214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 33319878Swollman 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 33414343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 33558787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 33658787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 33758787Sru 11:00 - KOST 33814343Swollman 3392742Swollman# Nauru 3402742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3412742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 34219878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 3432742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 34419878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 34519878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 3462742Swollman 3472742Swollman# New Caledonia 3482742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34919878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 35019878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 35143014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 352158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 35343014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 3542742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3552742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 3562742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 3572742Swollman 3582742Swollman 3592742Swollman############################################################################### 3602742Swollman 3612742Swollman# New Zealand 3622742Swollman 3632742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 364121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 365121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 366121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 367121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 368121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 369121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 370121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 371121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 372121098Swollman# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 373114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 374121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 375114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 376121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 3779908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 378121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 379114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 380121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 381114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 382121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 383169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 384169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 385169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 386169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 387169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 388169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 389169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 390169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 3912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 392114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 393121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 3942742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 395121098SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 396121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 3972742Swollman 3988029Swollman 39930711Swollman# Auckland Is 40058787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 40158787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 4022742Swollman 40330711Swollman# Campbell I 40458787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 40558787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 40658787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 40730711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 40830711Swollman 4092742Swollman############################################################################### 4102742Swollman 4112742Swollman 4122742Swollman# Niue 4132742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4142742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 41519878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 41619878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 41719878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 4182742Swollman 4192742Swollman# Norfolk 4202742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4212742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 42219878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 42319878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 4242742Swollman 42558787Sru# Palau (Belau) 4269908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4279908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 42819878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 4299908Swollman 4302742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 4312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4322742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 43386222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 43419878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 4352742Swollman 4362742Swollman# Pitcairn 4372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4382742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 43958787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 44058787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 4412742Swollman 44214343Swollman# American Samoa 44314343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 44414343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 44519878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 44614343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 44714343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 44814343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 44914343Swollman 450149514Swollman# Samoa 451196582Sedwin 452196582Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-12-06): 453196582Sedwin# The Samoa government (Western Samoa) may implement DST on the first Sunday of 454196582Sedwin# October 2009 (October 4, 2009) until the last Sunday of March 2010 (March 28, 455196582Sedwin# 2010). 456196582Sedwin# 457196582Sedwin# "Selected Committee reports to Cabinet on Daylight Saving Time", 458196582Sedwin# Government of Samoa: 459196582Sedwin# <a href="http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560"> 460196582Sedwin# http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560 461196582Sedwin# </a> 462196582Sedwin# or 463196582Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html"> 464196582Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html 465196582Sedwin# </a> 466196582Sedwin 467197000Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-27): 468197000Sedwin# Samoa's parliament passed the Daylight Saving Bill 2009, and will start 469197000Sedwin# daylight saving time on the first Sunday of October 2009 and end on the 470197000Sedwin# last Sunday of March 2010. We hope that the full text will be published 471197000Sedwin# soon, but we believe that the bill is only valid for 2009-2010. Samoa's 472197000Sedwin# Daylight Saving Act 2009 will be enforced as soon as the Head of State 473197000Sedwin# executes a proclamation publicizing this Act. 474197000Sedwin# 475197000Sedwin# Some background information here, which will be updated once we have 476197000Sedwin# more details: 477197000Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 478197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 479197000Sedwin# </a> 480197000Sedwin 481198270Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-03): 482198270Sedwin# First, my deepest condolences to people of Samoa islands and all families and 483198270Sedwin# loved ones around the world who lost their lives in the earthquake and tsunami. 484198270Sedwin# 485198270Sedwin# Considering the recent devastation on Samoa by earthquake and tsunami and that 486198270Sedwin# many government offices/ ministers are closed- not sure if "Daylight Saving 487198270Sedwin# Bill 2009" will be implemented in next few days- on October 4, 2009. 488198270Sedwin# 489198270Sedwin# Here is reply from Consulate-General of Samoa in New Zealand 490198270Sedwin# --------------------------- 491198270Sedwin# Consul General 492198270Sedwin# consulgeneral@samoaconsulate.org.nz 493198270Sedwin# 494198270Sedwin# Talofa Alexander, 495198270Sedwin# 496198270Sedwin# Thank you for your sympathy for our country but at this time we have not 497198270Sedwin# been informed about the Daylight Savings Time Change. Most Ministries in 498198270Sedwin# Apia are closed or relocating due to weather concerns. 499198270Sedwin# 500198270Sedwin# When we do find out if they are still proceeding with the time change we 501198270Sedwin# will advise you soonest. 502198270Sedwin# 503198270Sedwin# Kind Regards, 504198270Sedwin# Lana 505198270Sedwin# for: Consul General 506198270Sedwin 507198270Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-05): 508198270Sedwin# We have called a hotel in Samoa and asked about local time there - they 509198270Sedwin# are still on standard time. 510198270Sedwin 51114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 51214343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 51319878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 514197000Sedwin -11:00 - WST 2009 Oct 4 515197000Sedwin -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2010 Mar 28 516197000Sedwin -11:00 - WST 51714343Swollman 5182742Swollman# Solomon Is 5192742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 5202742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5212742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 52219878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 5232742Swollman 5242742Swollman# Tokelau Is 5252742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5262742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 52719878Swollman -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 5282742Swollman 5292742Swollman# Tonga 53058787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 53175267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 53275267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 533114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 534114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 5352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5362742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 53758787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 53858787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 53958787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 5402742Swollman 5412742Swollman# Tuvalu 5422742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5432742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 54419878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 5452742Swollman 54643014Swollman 54743014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 54843014Swollman 54943014Swollman# Howland, Baker 550171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 551171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 552171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 553171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 554171948Sedwin# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 555171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 556171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 557171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 558171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 55943014Swollman 56043014Swollman# Jarvis 561171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 562171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 563171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 56443014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 56543014Swollman 56643014Swollman# Johnston 56743014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 56843014SwollmanZone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 56943014Swollman 57043014Swollman# Kingman 57143014Swollman# uninhabited 57243014Swollman 57343014Swollman# Midway 574149514Swollman# 575149514Swollman# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 576149514Swollman# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 577149514Swollman# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 578149514Swollman# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 579149514Swollman# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 580149514Swollman# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 581149514Swollman# designations that I've never seen before:.... 582149514Swollman# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 583149514Swollman# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 584149514Swollman# 58543014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 586121098Swollman -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 587121098Swollman -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 58843014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 58943014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 59043014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 59143014Swollman 59243014Swollman# Palmyra 59343014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 59443014Swollman 59543014Swollman# Wake 59643014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 59743014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 59843014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 59943014Swollman 60043014Swollman 6012742Swollman# Vanuatu 6022742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 60319878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 60419878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 60519878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 60620094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 60720094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 60820094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 6092742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6102742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 61119878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 6122742Swollman 6132742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 6142742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6152742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 61619878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 6172742Swollman 6182742Swollman############################################################################### 6192742Swollman 6202742Swollman# NOTES 6212742Swollman 6222742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6232742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6242742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6252742Swollman 626158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 6272742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 628158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 629158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 6302742Swollman# 63186222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 63220094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 63320094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 63420094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 63520094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 63620094Swollman# 637158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 638158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 63920094Swollman# 6402742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 6412742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 6422742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 6432742Swollman# 6442742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 64558787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 6462742Swollman# 6472742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 6482742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 6492742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 6502742Swollman# std dst 6512742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 6522742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 653169811Swollman# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 6542742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 6552742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 6562742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 65775267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 6582742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 659121098Swollman# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 660121098Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 66119878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 6622742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 66314343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 66458787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 6652742Swollman# 66614343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 6679908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 6682742Swollman 6692742Swollman############################################################################### 6702742Swollman 6712742Swollman# Australia 6722742Swollman 673153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 674153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 675153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 676153670Swollman# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 67758787Sru 678153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 679153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 680153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 681153670Swollman# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 682153670Swollman 68319878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 6842742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 6852742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 6862742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 6872742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 6882742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 6892742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 6902742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 6912742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 6922742Swollman# time'. 6932742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 6942742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 6952742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 6962742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 6972742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 6982742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 6992742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 7002742Swollman 70186222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7022742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 7032742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 7042742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 7052742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 7062742Swollman 707163302Sru# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 708163302Sru# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 709163302Sru# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 710163302Sru# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 711163302Sru# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 712163302Sru 71386222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 71486222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 71586222Swollman# 71686222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 71786222Swollman# 71886222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 71986222Swollman# 72086222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 72186222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 72286222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 72386222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 72486222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 72586222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 72686222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 72786222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 72886222Swollman# 72986222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 73086222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 73186222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 73286222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 73386222Swollman# 73486222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 73586222Swollman# 73686222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 73786222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 73886222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 73986222Swollman# Time, for example. 74086222Swollman# 74186222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 74286222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 74386222Swollman# tiebreaker. 74486222Swollman# 74586222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 74686222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 74786222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 74886222Swollman# 74986222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 75086222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 75186222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 75286222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 75386222Swollman# following count of page hits: 75486222Swollman# 75586222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 75686222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 75786222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 75886222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 75986222Swollman# 76086222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 76186222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 76286222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 76386222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 76486222Swollman# 76586222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 76686222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 76786222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 76886222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 76986222Swollman# 77086222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 77186222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 77286222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 77386222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 77486222Swollman# 77586222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 77686222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 77786222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 77886222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 77986222Swollman# 78086222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 78186222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 78286222Swollman# 78386222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 78486222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 78586222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 78686222Swollman# 78786222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 78886222Swollman# 78986222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 79086222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 79186222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 79286222Swollman# understood in Australia. 79386222Swollman 79414343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 795158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 796149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 7979908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 7989908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 7999908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 80014343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 8012742Swollman 802149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 80375267Swollman# 80443014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 80543014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 80643014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 80775267Swollman# 80843014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 80943014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 81043014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 81143014Swollman# </a> 81243014Swollman# ACT 81358787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 81443014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 81543014Swollman# </a> 81643014Swollman# SA 81743014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 81843014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 81943014Swollman# </a> 82043014Swollman 821149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 822149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 823149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 824149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 825149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 826149514Swollman# 827149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 828149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 829149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 830149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 831149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 832149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 833149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 834149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 835149514Swollman# allude to it. 836149514Swollman# But not Queensland 837149514Swollman# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 838149514Swollman 8399908Swollman# Northern Territory 8409908Swollman 84119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8422742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 8432742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8442742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 8452742Swollman# ... 8469908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 8472742Swollman 84819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8492742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8502742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 8512742Swollman 8529908Swollman# Western Australia 8532742Swollman 85419878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8552742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 8562742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8572742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 8582742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 8592742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 8602742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 8612742Swollman# ... 8622742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 8632742Swollman# ... 8642742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8652742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 8662742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8672742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 8682742Swollman 86919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8702742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8712742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 8722742Swollman 87319878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 8742742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 8752742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 8762742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 8772742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 8782742Swollman# everybody again. 8792742Swollman 88019878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 8812742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 8822742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 8832742Swollman 88458787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 88558787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 88658787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 88758787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 88858787Sru 8899908Swollman# Queensland 89019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8912742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 8922742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 8932742Swollman# ... 8942742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 8952742Swollman# ... 8962742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8972742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 8982742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8992742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 9002742Swollman 90119878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 9022742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 9032742Swollman# October 1989). 9042742Swollman 90519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 9062742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 9072742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 9082742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 9092742Swollman 91019878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 9112742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 9122742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 9132742Swollman# me.) 9142742Swollman 91519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 9162742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 9172742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 9182742Swollman# ... 9192742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9202742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 9212742Swollman# ... 9222742Swollman 92319878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 9242742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 9252742Swollman 926169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 927169811Swollman# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 928169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 929169811Swollman# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 930169811Swollman 931105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 932114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 933169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 934114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 935114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 936114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 937114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 938169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 939105196Swollman# 940105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 941105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 942105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 943169811Swollman# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 944105196Swollman# 945169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 946169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 947169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 948169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 949105196Swollman# 950169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 951169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 952169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 953169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 954169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 955169811Swollman# 956169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 957169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 958169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 959169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 960169811Swollman# 961169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 962169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 963169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 964169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 965169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 966105196Swollman 967169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 968169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 969169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 970169811Swollman 971169811Swollman 972171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 9732742Swollman# 974171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 975171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 976171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 977171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 9782742Swollman 9792742Swollman 9809908Swollman# South Australia 9812742Swollman 98219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 9832742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 9842742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 9852742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 9862742Swollman 98719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9882742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 9892742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9902742Swollman# ... 9912742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 9922742Swollman# ... 9932742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9942742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 995158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 9962742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 9972742Swollman 99819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 9992742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 10002742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 10012742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 10022742Swollman 100319878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 10042742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 10052742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 10062742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 10072742Swollman# is on... 10082742Swollman 100919878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 10102742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 10112742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 10122742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 10132742Swollman 101419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 10152742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 10162742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 10172742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 10182742Swollman 1019149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 10209908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 10219908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 10229908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 10232742Swollman 1024171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1025171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1026171948Sedwin 10279908Swollman# Tasmania 10289908Swollman 102958787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 103058787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10312742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 10322742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10332742Swollman 103419878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 10352742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 10362742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 10372742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 10382742Swollman 103958787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 104058787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 104158787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 104258787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 104358787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 104458787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 104558787Sru 104664499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 104764499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 104864499Swollman 1049171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1050171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1051171948Sedwin 10529908Swollman# Victoria 10532742Swollman 105458787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 105558787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10562742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 10572742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10582742Swollman 105986222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 106086222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 106186222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 106286222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 106386222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 106486222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 106586222Swollman# 106686222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 106786222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 106886222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 106986222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 107086222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 107186222Swollman# expected time. 107286222Swollman# 107386222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 107486222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 107586222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 107686222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 107786222Swollman# 107886222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 107986222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 108086222Swollman 1081171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1082171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1083171948Sedwin 10849908Swollman# New South Wales 10852742Swollman 10862742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 10872742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1088149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 10892742Swollman# who notes: 10902742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 10912742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 10922742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 10932742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 10942742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 10952742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 10962742Swollman 1097149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 109858787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 109958787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 110058787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 110158787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 110258787Sru# </a> 110358787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 11042742Swollman 110558787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 110658787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 110758787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 110858787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 110958787Sru# </a> 111058787Sru# 111158787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 111258787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 111358787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 111458787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 111558787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 111658787Sru# 111758787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 111858787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 111958787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 112058787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 112158787Sru# 112258787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 112358787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 112458787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 112558787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 112658787Sru# 112758787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 112858787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 112958787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 113058787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 113158787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 113258787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 113358787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 113475267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 113558787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 113658787Sru# 113758787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 113858787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 113958787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 114058787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 11412742Swollman 114243543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 114343543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 114458787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 114543543Swollman 114667578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 114775267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 114875267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 114967578Swollman 1150171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1151171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1152171948Sedwin 11539908Swollman# Yancowinna 11542742Swollman 115567578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 11562742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 11572742Swollman 115819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11592742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 11602742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 11612742Swollman# ... 116243014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 11632742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 11642742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 11652742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 11662742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 11672742Swollman# # presently available. 11682742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 11692742Swollman# ... 11702742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11712742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 11722742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 11732742Swollman 11749908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 11752742Swollman 117619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1177153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 11782742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 11792742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 11802742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 11812742Swollman 118258787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 118358787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 118458787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 118558787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 118658787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 118758787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 118886464Swollman# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 118958787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 119058787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 119158787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 119214343Swollman 119375267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 119475267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 119575267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 119675267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 119775267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 119875267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 119958787Sru 1200158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1201158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1202158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 120367578Swollman 1204171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1205171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1206171948Sedwin 1207192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1208192886Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1209192886Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1210192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1211192886Sedwin# 1212192886Sedwin# From 1213192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1214192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1215192886Sedwin# </a> 1216192886Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1217192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1218192886Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1219192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1220192886Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1221192886Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1222192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1223192886Sedwin# 1224192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1225192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1226192886Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1227192886Sedwin# </a> 12282742Swollman############################################################################### 12292742Swollman 123058787Sru# New Zealand 12312742Swollman 123219878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 12332742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 12342742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 12352742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 12362742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 12372742Swollman 123819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12392742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 12402742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1241153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 12422742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12432742Swollman# ... 12442742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 12452742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 12462742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 12472742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 12482742Swollman# ... 12492742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 12502742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 12512742Swollman 125219878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 12532742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 12542742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 12552742Swollman 125614343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1257158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1258149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 125914343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 126014343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 126114343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 126214343Swollman# 1263158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1264121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1265121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1266158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1267121098Swollman# 1268121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1269121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1270121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 127114343Swollman 1272169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1273169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1274169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1275169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1276169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1277169811Swollman 12782742Swollman############################################################################### 12792742Swollman 128058787Sru 12812742Swollman# Fiji 12822742Swollman 128358787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 128458787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 128558787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 12862742Swollman 128743543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 128843543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 128975267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 129043543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 129143543Swollman 129258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 129358787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 129458787Sru 129543543Swollman# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 129643543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 129743543Swollman# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 129843543Swollman# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 129943543Swollman# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 130043543Swollman# millenium. 130143543Swollman 130275267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 130375267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 130458787Sru 130514343Swollman# Johnston 130614343Swollman 130714343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 130814343Swollman 130958787Sru 131017200Swollman# Kiribati 131117200Swollman 131217200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 131317200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 131417200Swollman# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 131517200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 131617200Swollman 131758787Sru 13182742Swollman# Kwajalein 13192742Swollman 13202742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 13212742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 132219878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 13232742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 13242742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 13252742Swollman 132658787Sru 132714343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 13282742Swollman 132958787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 13302742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 13312742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 133275267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 133375267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 133414343Swollman 133575267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 133675267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 133775267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 133875267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 133958787Sru 134075267Swollman 134117200Swollman# Micronesia 134217200Swollman 1343149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 134417200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 134517200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 134617200Swollman# 1347158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1348158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 134917200Swollman 135058787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 135158787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 135258787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 135358787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 135458787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 135558787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 135658787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 135758787Sru 135858787Sru 1359121098Swollman# Midway 1360121098Swollman 1361121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1362121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1363121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1364121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1365121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1366121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1367121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1368121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1369121098Swollman# 1370121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1371121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1372121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1373121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1374121098Swollman 1375121098Swollman 137658787Sru# Pitcairn 137758787Sru 137858787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 137958787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 138058787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 138158787Sru# 138258787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 138358787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 138458787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 138558787Sru# 138658787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 138758787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 138858787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 138958787Sru 139058787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 139158787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 139258787Sru# ... at midnight. 139358787Sru 139458787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 139558787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 139658787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 139758787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 139858787Sru 139958787Sru 140014343Swollman# Samoa 140114343Swollman 140258787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 140358787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 140414343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 140514343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 140614343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 140717200Swollman 140858787Sru 140917200Swollman# Tonga 141017200Swollman 141117200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 141217200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 141317200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 141417200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 141558787Sru 141658787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 141758787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 141858787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 141958787Sru# </a>: 142058787Sru 142158787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 142258787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 142358787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 142458787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 142558787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 142658787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 142758787Sru# 142858787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 142958787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 143058787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 143158787Sru# 143258787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 143358787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 143458787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 143558787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 143658787Sru# 143758787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 143858787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 143958787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 144058787Sru 1441158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1442158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 144358787Sru 144458787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 144558787Sru# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 144658787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 144758787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 144858787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 144958787Sru# Government. 145058787Sru 1451149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 145258787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 145375267Swollman# 1454149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 1455181421Sedwin# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 145658787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 145758787Sru# </a> 145875267Swollman# 145958787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 146058787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 146158787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 146258787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 146358787Sru 1464149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1465181421Sedwin# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 146658787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 146758787Sru# </a>: 146875267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 146975267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 147075267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 147175267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 147258787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 147358787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 147458787Sru 147558787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 147658787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 147758787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 147858787Sru 147975267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 148075267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 148175267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 148275267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 148375267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 148475267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 148575267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 148658787Sru 148775267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 148875267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 148975267Swollman 149093799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 149193799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 149293799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 149393799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 149493799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 149586222Swollman 1496114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1497114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 149886222Swollman 1499121098Swollman 1500121098Swollman# Wake 1501121098Swollman 1502121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1503121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1504121098Swollman# 1505121098Swollman# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1506121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1507121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1508121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1509121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1510121098Swollman# impossible. 1511121098Swollman# 1512121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1513121098Swollman 1514121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1515121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1516121098Swollman 151758787Sru############################################################################### 151858787Sru 151958787Sru# The International Date Line 152058787Sru 152158787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 152275267Swollman# 152358787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 152458787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 152558787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 152658787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 152758787Sru# 152858787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 152958787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 153058787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 153158787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 153258787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 153358787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1534153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 153558787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 153658787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 153758787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 153858787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1539149514Swollman 1540153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1541153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1542153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1543153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1544153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1545153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1546153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1547153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1548153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1549153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1550153670Swollman# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1551153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1552153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1553153670Swollman 1554149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1555149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1556149514Swollman# 1557149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1558149514Swollman# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1559149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1560149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1561