australasia revision 171948
1171948Sedwin# @(#)australasia 8.8 2153761Swollman# <pre> 3153761Swollman 42742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 586464Swollman 62742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 72742Swollman 82742Swollman############################################################################### 92742Swollman 102742Swollman# Australia 112742Swollman 1286222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1386222Swollman 142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1558787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 162742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 172742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 202742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 212742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2258787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2358787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2458787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 252742Swollman 262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279908Swollman# Northern Territory 282742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2930711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 302742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 319908Swollman# Western Australia 32169811Swollman# 33169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34169811SwollmanRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 35169811SwollmanRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 36169811SwollmanRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37169811SwollmanRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38169811SwollmanRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 39169811SwollmanRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40169811SwollmanRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 41169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 42169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 432742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 4458787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 45169811Swollman 8:00 AW WST 46169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47169811Swollman 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 48169811Swollman 8:45 AW CWST 49169811Swollman 509908Swollman# Queensland 5120094Swollman# 52149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5320094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5420094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5520094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5620094Swollman# 5720094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 5820094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 5920094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6020094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6120094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6220094Swollman# 6320094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6458787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6558787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 6621217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6721217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 6858787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6958787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 702742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 7158787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7221217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 7320094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 7458787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7558787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 7620094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 772742Swollman 789908Swollman# South Australia 792742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 8014343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8114343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 82171948SedwinRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8314343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 8414343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 8514343SwollmanRule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 8664499SwollmanRule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 8764499SwollmanRule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 8864499SwollmanRule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 8964499SwollmanRule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 9064499SwollmanRule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 91149514SwollmanRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92149514SwollmanRule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 93171948SedwinRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 972742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 982742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 9958787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 1002742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 1012742Swollman 1029908Swollman# Tasmania 103149514Swollman# 104149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105149514Swollman# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 106149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107149514Swollman# 1082742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 10958787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 11058787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11114343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11214343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 11358787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11414343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11514343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11614343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11758787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 11814343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 11958787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 12058787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12158787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 122149514SwollmanRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 12358787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12458787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125149514SwollmanRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 126171948SedwinRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127171948SedwinRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1292742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 13058787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 13158787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 13258787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1332742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 134149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135149514Swollman 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136149514Swollman 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 137149514Swollman 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 138149514Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1392742Swollman 1409908Swollman# Victoria 1412742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 14214343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14358787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14414343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 14514343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 14658787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 14758787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14814343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149149514SwollmanRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 15058787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151171948SedwinRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152149514SwollmanRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153171948SedwinRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 154171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1572742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 15858787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1592742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1602742Swollman 1619908Swollman# New South Wales 1622742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16314343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 16414343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 16514343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16614343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16714343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16814343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 16914343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 17043543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 17114343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172149514SwollmanRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 17358787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174171948SedwinRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175149514SwollmanRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176171948SedwinRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1792742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1802742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 18158787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1822742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1832742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1842742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1852742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 18658787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 18758787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 18858787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1898029Swollman 19014343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19114343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19275267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 19375267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 19475267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19575267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 19675267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 19775267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19875267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 199149514SwollmanRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 20075267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201171948SedwinRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202149514SwollmanRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203171948SedwinRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 2062742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2072742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 20814343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 2098029Swollman 21014343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2112742Swollman# 2122742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 21314343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214169811Swollman# no times are set 2152742Swollman# 21614343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 21714343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218169811Swollman# no times are set 21914343Swollman# 22030711Swollman# Macquarie 22130711Swollman# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 22258787Sru# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 223169811Swollman# like Australia/Hobart 2242742Swollman 22543014Swollman# Christmas 22643014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22743014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 22843014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2292742Swollman 2302742Swollman# Cook Is 231158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2322742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23319878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 23443014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 23543014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 2362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2372742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 23819878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 23919878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2402742Swollman 2412742Swollman# Cocos 242149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 243149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 245149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 246149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2472742Swollman 2482742Swollman# Fiji 24943543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 25075267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 25175267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 2522742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2532742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 25443543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 2552742Swollman 2562742Swollman# French Polynesia 2572742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2582742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 25919878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 2602742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 26119878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 2622742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 26319878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 26443014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 26543014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 2662742Swollman 2672742Swollman# Guam 2682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26975267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 27075267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 27175267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 27275267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 2732742Swollman 2742742Swollman# Kiribati 2752742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2762742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 27719878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 2782742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 27919878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 28019878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 28119878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 2822742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 28319878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 28419878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 28519878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 2862742Swollman 28714343Swollman# N Mariana Is 28814343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28975267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 29075267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 29119878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 29275267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 29375267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 29414343Swollman 29514343Swollman# Marshall Is 29614343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29714343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 29819878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 29919878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 30014343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 30119878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 30219878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 30319878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 30414343Swollman 30514343Swollman# Micronesia 30614343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 30714343SwollmanZone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 30819878Swollman 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 30914343SwollmanZone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 31019878Swollman 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 31114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 31258787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 31358787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 31458787Sru 11:00 - KOST 31514343Swollman 3162742Swollman# Nauru 3172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3182742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 31919878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 3202742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 32119878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 32219878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 3232742Swollman 3242742Swollman# New Caledonia 3252742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 32619878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 32719878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 32843014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 329158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 33043014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 3312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3322742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 3332742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 3342742Swollman 3352742Swollman 3362742Swollman############################################################################### 3372742Swollman 3382742Swollman# New Zealand 3392742Swollman 3402742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 341121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 342121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 343121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 344121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 345121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 346121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 347121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 348121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 349121098Swollman# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 350114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 351121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 352114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 353121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 3549908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 355121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 356114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 357121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 358114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 359121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 360169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 361169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 362169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 363169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 364169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 365169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 366169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 367169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 3682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 369114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 370121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 3712742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 372121098SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 373121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 3742742Swollman 3758029Swollman 37630711Swollman# Auckland Is 37758787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 37858787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 3792742Swollman 38030711Swollman# Campbell I 38158787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 38258787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 38358787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 38430711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 38530711Swollman 3862742Swollman############################################################################### 3872742Swollman 3882742Swollman 3892742Swollman# Niue 3902742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3912742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 39219878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 39319878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 39419878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 3952742Swollman 3962742Swollman# Norfolk 3972742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3982742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 39919878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 40019878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 4012742Swollman 40258787Sru# Palau (Belau) 4039908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4049908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 40519878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 4069908Swollman 4072742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 4082742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4092742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 41086222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 41119878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 4122742Swollman 4132742Swollman# Pitcairn 4142742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4152742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 41658787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 41758787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 4182742Swollman 41914343Swollman# American Samoa 42014343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 42114343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 42219878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 42314343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 42414343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 42514343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 42614343Swollman 427149514Swollman# Samoa 42814343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 42914343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 43019878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 431149514Swollman -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time 43214343Swollman 4332742Swollman# Solomon Is 4342742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 4352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4362742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 43719878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 4382742Swollman 4392742Swollman# Tokelau Is 4402742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4412742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 44219878Swollman -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 4432742Swollman 4442742Swollman# Tonga 44558787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 44675267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 44775267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 448114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 449114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 4502742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4512742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 45258787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 45358787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 45458787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 4552742Swollman 4562742Swollman# Tuvalu 4572742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4582742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 45919878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 4602742Swollman 46143014Swollman 46243014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 46343014Swollman 46443014Swollman# Howland, Baker 465171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 466171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 467171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 468171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 469171948Sedwin# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 470171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 471171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 472171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 473171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 47443014Swollman 47543014Swollman# Jarvis 476171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 477171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 478171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 47943014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 48043014Swollman 48143014Swollman# Johnston 48243014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 48343014SwollmanZone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 48443014Swollman 48543014Swollman# Kingman 48643014Swollman# uninhabited 48743014Swollman 48843014Swollman# Midway 489149514Swollman# 490149514Swollman# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 491149514Swollman# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 492149514Swollman# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 493149514Swollman# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 494149514Swollman# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 495149514Swollman# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 496149514Swollman# designations that I've never seen before:.... 497149514Swollman# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 498149514Swollman# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 499149514Swollman# 50043014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 501121098Swollman -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 502121098Swollman -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 50343014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 50443014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 50543014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 50643014Swollman 50743014Swollman# Palmyra 50843014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 50943014Swollman 51043014Swollman# Wake 51143014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 51243014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 51343014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 51443014Swollman 51543014Swollman 5162742Swollman# Vanuatu 5172742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 51819878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 51919878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 52019878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 52120094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 52220094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 52320094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 5242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5252742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 52619878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 5272742Swollman 5282742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 5292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5302742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 53119878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 5322742Swollman 5332742Swollman############################################################################### 5342742Swollman 5352742Swollman# NOTES 5362742Swollman 5372742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5382742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5392742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 5402742Swollman 541158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 5422742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 543158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 544158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 5452742Swollman# 54686222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 54720094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 54820094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 54920094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 55020094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 55120094Swollman# 552158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 553158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 55420094Swollman# 5552742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 5562742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 5572742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 5582742Swollman# 5592742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 56058787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 5612742Swollman# 5622742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 5632742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 5642742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 5652742Swollman# std dst 5662742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 5672742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 568169811Swollman# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 5692742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 5702742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 5712742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 57275267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 5732742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 574121098Swollman# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 575121098Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 57619878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 5772742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 57814343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 57958787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 5802742Swollman# 58114343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 5829908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 5832742Swollman 5842742Swollman############################################################################### 5852742Swollman 5862742Swollman# Australia 5872742Swollman 588153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 589153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 590153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 591153670Swollman# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 59258787Sru 593153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 594153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 595153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 596153670Swollman# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 597153670Swollman 59819878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 5992742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 6002742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 6012742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 6022742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 6032742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 6042742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 6052742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 6062742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 6072742Swollman# time'. 6082742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 6092742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 6102742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 6112742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 6122742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 6132742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 6142742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 6152742Swollman 61686222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 6172742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 6182742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 6192742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 6202742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 6212742Swollman 622163302Sru# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 623163302Sru# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 624163302Sru# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 625163302Sru# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 626163302Sru# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 627163302Sru 62886222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 62986222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 63086222Swollman# 63186222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 63286222Swollman# 63386222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 63486222Swollman# 63586222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 63686222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 63786222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 63886222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 63986222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 64086222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 64186222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 64286222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 64386222Swollman# 64486222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 64586222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 64686222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 64786222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 64886222Swollman# 64986222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 65086222Swollman# 65186222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 65286222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 65386222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 65486222Swollman# Time, for example. 65586222Swollman# 65686222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 65786222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 65886222Swollman# tiebreaker. 65986222Swollman# 66086222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 66186222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 66286222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 66386222Swollman# 66486222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 66586222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 66686222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 66786222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 66886222Swollman# following count of page hits: 66986222Swollman# 67086222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 67186222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 67286222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 67386222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 67486222Swollman# 67586222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 67686222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 67786222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 67886222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 67986222Swollman# 68086222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 68186222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 68286222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 68386222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 68486222Swollman# 68586222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 68686222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 68786222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 68886222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 68986222Swollman# 69086222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 69186222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 69286222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 69386222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 69486222Swollman# 69586222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 69686222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 69786222Swollman# 69886222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 69986222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 70086222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 70186222Swollman# 70286222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 70386222Swollman# 70486222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 70586222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 70686222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 70786222Swollman# understood in Australia. 70886222Swollman 70914343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 710158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 711149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 7129908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 7139908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 7149908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 71514343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 7162742Swollman 717149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 71875267Swollman# 71943014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 72043014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 72143014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 72275267Swollman# 72343014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 72443014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 72543014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 72643014Swollman# </a> 72743014Swollman# ACT 72858787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 72943014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 73043014Swollman# </a> 73143014Swollman# SA 73243014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 73343014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 73443014Swollman# </a> 73543014Swollman 736149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 737149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 738149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 739149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 740149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 741149514Swollman# 742149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 743149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 744149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 745149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 746149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 747149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 748149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 749149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 750149514Swollman# allude to it. 751149514Swollman# But not Queensland 752149514Swollman# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 753149514Swollman 7549908Swollman# Northern Territory 7559908Swollman 75619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7572742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 7582742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 7592742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 7602742Swollman# ... 7619908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 7622742Swollman 76319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7642742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7652742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 7662742Swollman 7679908Swollman# Western Australia 7682742Swollman 76919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7702742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 7712742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 7722742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 7732742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 7742742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 7752742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 7762742Swollman# ... 7772742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 7782742Swollman# ... 7792742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7802742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 7812742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7822742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 7832742Swollman 78419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7852742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7862742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 7872742Swollman 78819878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 7892742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 7902742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 7912742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 7922742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 7932742Swollman# everybody again. 7942742Swollman 79519878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7962742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 7972742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 7982742Swollman 79958787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 80058787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 80158787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 80258787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 80358787Sru 8049908Swollman# Queensland 80519878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8062742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 8072742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 8082742Swollman# ... 8092742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 8102742Swollman# ... 8112742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8122742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 8132742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8142742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 8152742Swollman 81619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 8172742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 8182742Swollman# October 1989). 8192742Swollman 82019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8212742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8222742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 8232742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 8242742Swollman 82519878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 8262742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 8272742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 8282742Swollman# me.) 8292742Swollman 83019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 8312742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 8322742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 8332742Swollman# ... 8342742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8352742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 8362742Swollman# ... 8372742Swollman 83819878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 8392742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 8402742Swollman 841169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 842169811Swollman# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 843169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 844169811Swollman# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 845169811Swollman 846105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 847114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 848169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 849114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 850114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 851114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 852114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 853169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 854105196Swollman# 855105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 856105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 857105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 858169811Swollman# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 859105196Swollman# 860169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 861169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 862169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 863169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 864105196Swollman# 865169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 866169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 867169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 868169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 869169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 870169811Swollman# 871169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 872169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 873169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 874169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 875169811Swollman# 876169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 877169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 878169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 879169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 880169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 881105196Swollman 882169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 883169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 884169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 885169811Swollman 886169811Swollman 887171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 8882742Swollman# 889171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 890171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 891171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 892171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 8932742Swollman 8942742Swollman 8959908Swollman# South Australia 8962742Swollman 89719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8982742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8992742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 9002742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 9012742Swollman 90219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9032742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 9042742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9052742Swollman# ... 9062742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 9072742Swollman# ... 9082742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9092742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 910158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 9112742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 9122742Swollman 91319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 9142742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 9152742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 9162742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 9172742Swollman 91819878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 9192742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 9202742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 9212742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 9222742Swollman# is on... 9232742Swollman 92419878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 9252742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 9262742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 9272742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 9282742Swollman 92919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 9302742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 9312742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 9322742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 9332742Swollman 934149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 9359908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 9369908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 9379908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 9382742Swollman 939171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 940171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 941171948Sedwin 9429908Swollman# Tasmania 9439908Swollman 94458787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 94558787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9462742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 9472742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9482742Swollman 94919878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 9502742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 9512742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 9522742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 9532742Swollman 95458787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 95558787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 95658787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 95758787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 95858787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 95958787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 96058787Sru 96164499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 96264499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 96364499Swollman 964171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 965171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 966171948Sedwin 9679908Swollman# Victoria 9682742Swollman 96958787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 97058787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9712742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 9722742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9732742Swollman 97486222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 97586222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 97686222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 97786222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 97886222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 97986222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 98086222Swollman# 98186222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 98286222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 98386222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 98486222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 98586222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 98686222Swollman# expected time. 98786222Swollman# 98886222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 98986222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 99086222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 99186222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 99286222Swollman# 99386222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 99486222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 99586222Swollman 996171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 997171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 998171948Sedwin 9999908Swollman# New South Wales 10002742Swollman 10012742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 10022742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1003149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 10042742Swollman# who notes: 10052742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 10062742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 10072742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 10082742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 10092742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 10102742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 10112742Swollman 1012149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 101358787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 101458787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 101558787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 101658787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 101758787Sru# </a> 101858787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 10192742Swollman 102058787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 102158787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 102258787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 102358787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 102458787Sru# </a> 102558787Sru# 102658787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 102758787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 102858787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 102958787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 103058787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 103158787Sru# 103258787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 103358787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 103458787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 103558787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 103658787Sru# 103758787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 103858787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 103958787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 104058787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 104158787Sru# 104258787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 104358787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 104458787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 104558787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 104658787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 104758787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 104858787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 104975267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 105058787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 105158787Sru# 105258787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 105358787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 105458787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 105558787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 10562742Swollman 105743543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 105843543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 105958787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 106043543Swollman 106167578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 106275267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 106375267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 106467578Swollman 1065171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1066171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1067171948Sedwin 10689908Swollman# Yancowinna 10692742Swollman 107067578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 10712742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 10722742Swollman 107319878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10742742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 10752742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 10762742Swollman# ... 107743014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 10782742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 10792742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 10802742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 10812742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 10822742Swollman# # presently available. 10832742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 10842742Swollman# ... 10852742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10862742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 10872742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 10882742Swollman 10899908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 10902742Swollman 109119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1092153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 10932742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 10942742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 10952742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 10962742Swollman 109758787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 109858787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 109958787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 110058787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 110158787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 110258787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 110386464Swollman# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 110458787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 110558787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 110658787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 110714343Swollman 110875267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 110975267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 111075267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 111175267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 111275267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 111375267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 111458787Sru 1115158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1116158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1117158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 111867578Swollman 1119171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1120171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1121171948Sedwin 11222742Swollman############################################################################### 11232742Swollman 112458787Sru# New Zealand 11252742Swollman 112619878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 11272742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 11282742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 11292742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 11302742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 11312742Swollman 113219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11332742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 11342742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1135153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 11362742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11372742Swollman# ... 11382742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11392742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 11402742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 11412742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 11422742Swollman# ... 11432742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 11442742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 11452742Swollman 114619878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 11472742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 11482742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 11492742Swollman 115014343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1151158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1152149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 115314343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 115414343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 115514343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 115614343Swollman# 1157158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1158121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1159121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1160158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1161121098Swollman# 1162121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1163121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1164121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 116514343Swollman 1166169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1167169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1168169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1169169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1170169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1171169811Swollman 11722742Swollman############################################################################### 11732742Swollman 117458787Sru 11752742Swollman# Fiji 11762742Swollman 117758787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 117858787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 117958787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 11802742Swollman 118143543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 118243543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 118375267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 118443543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 118543543Swollman 118658787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 118758787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 118858787Sru 118943543Swollman# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 119043543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 119143543Swollman# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 119243543Swollman# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 119343543Swollman# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 119443543Swollman# millenium. 119543543Swollman 119675267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 119775267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 119858787Sru 119914343Swollman# Johnston 120014343Swollman 120114343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 120214343Swollman 120358787Sru 120417200Swollman# Kiribati 120517200Swollman 120617200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 120717200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 120817200Swollman# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 120917200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 121017200Swollman 121158787Sru 12122742Swollman# Kwajalein 12132742Swollman 12142742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 12152742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 121619878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 12172742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 12182742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 12192742Swollman 122058787Sru 122114343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 12222742Swollman 122358787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 12242742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 12252742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 122675267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 122775267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 122814343Swollman 122975267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 123075267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 123175267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 123275267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 123358787Sru 123475267Swollman 123517200Swollman# Micronesia 123617200Swollman 1237149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 123817200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 123917200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 124017200Swollman# 1241158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1242158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 124317200Swollman 124458787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 124558787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 124658787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 124758787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 124858787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 124958787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 125058787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 125158787Sru 125258787Sru 1253121098Swollman# Midway 1254121098Swollman 1255121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1256121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1257121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1258121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1259121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1260121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1261121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1262121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1263121098Swollman# 1264121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1265121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1266121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1267121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1268121098Swollman 1269121098Swollman 127058787Sru# Pitcairn 127158787Sru 127258787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 127358787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 127458787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 127558787Sru# 127658787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 127758787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 127858787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 127958787Sru# 128058787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 128158787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 128258787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 128358787Sru 128458787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 128558787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 128658787Sru# ... at midnight. 128758787Sru 128858787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 128958787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 129058787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 129158787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 129258787Sru 129358787Sru 129414343Swollman# Samoa 129514343Swollman 129658787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 129758787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 129814343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 129914343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 130014343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 130117200Swollman 130258787Sru 130317200Swollman# Tonga 130417200Swollman 130517200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 130617200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 130717200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 130817200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 130958787Sru 131058787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 131158787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 131258787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 131358787Sru# </a>: 131458787Sru 131558787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 131658787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 131758787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 131858787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 131958787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 132058787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 132158787Sru# 132258787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 132358787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 132458787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 132558787Sru# 132658787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 132758787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 132858787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 132958787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 133058787Sru# 133158787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 133258787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 133358787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 133458787Sru 1335158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1336158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 133758787Sru 133858787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 133958787Sru# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 134058787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 134158787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 134258787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 134358787Sru# Government. 134458787Sru 1345149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 134658787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 134775267Swollman# 1348149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 134958787Sru# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 135058787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 135158787Sru# </a> 135275267Swollman# 135358787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 135458787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 135558787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 135658787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 135758787Sru 1358149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 135958787Sru# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 136058787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 136158787Sru# </a>: 136275267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 136375267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 136475267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 136575267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 136658787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 136758787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 136858787Sru 136958787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 137058787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 137158787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 137258787Sru 137375267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 137475267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 137575267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 137675267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 137775267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 137875267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 137975267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 138058787Sru 138175267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 138275267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 138375267Swollman 138493799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 138593799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 138693799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 138793799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 138893799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 138986222Swollman 1390114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1391114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 139286222Swollman 1393121098Swollman 1394121098Swollman# Wake 1395121098Swollman 1396121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1397121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1398121098Swollman# 1399121098Swollman# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1400121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1401121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1402121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1403121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1404121098Swollman# impossible. 1405121098Swollman# 1406121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1407121098Swollman 1408121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1409121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1410121098Swollman 141158787Sru############################################################################### 141258787Sru 141358787Sru# The International Date Line 141458787Sru 141558787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 141675267Swollman# 141758787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 141858787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 141958787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 142058787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 142158787Sru# 142258787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 142358787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 142458787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 142558787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 142658787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 142758787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1428153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 142958787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 143058787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 143158787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 143258787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1433149514Swollman 1434153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1435153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1436153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1437153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1438153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1439153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1440153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1441153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1442153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1443153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1444153670Swollman# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1445153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1446153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1447153670Swollman 1448149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1449149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1450149514Swollman# 1451149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1452149514Swollman# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1453149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1454149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1455