190075Sobrien@ignore 290075Sobrien@c Set file name and title for man page. 390075Sobrien@setfilename gpl 490075Sobrien@settitle GNU General Public License 590075Sobrien@c man begin SEEALSO 690075Sobriengfdl(7), fsf-funding(7). 790075Sobrien@c man end 890075Sobrien@c man begin COPYRIGHT 990075SobrienCopyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 10169689Skan51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA 1190075Sobrien 1290075SobrienEveryone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 1390075Sobrienof this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 1490075Sobrien@c man end 1590075Sobrien@end ignore 1690075Sobrien@node Copying 1790075Sobrien@c man begin DESCRIPTION 1890075Sobrien@unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 1990075Sobrien@center Version 2, June 1991 2090075Sobrien 21169689Skan@c This file is intended to be included in another file. 22169689Skan 2390075Sobrien@display 2490075SobrienCopyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 25169689Skan51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA 2690075Sobrien 2790075SobrienEveryone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 2890075Sobrienof this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 2990075Sobrien@end display 3090075Sobrien 3190075Sobrien@unnumberedsec Preamble 3290075Sobrien 3390075Sobrien The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 3490075Sobrienfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public 3590075SobrienLicense is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free 3690075Sobriensoftware---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This 3790075SobrienGeneral Public License applies to most of the Free Software 3890075SobrienFoundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to 3990075Sobrienusing it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by 4090075Sobrienthe GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to 4190075Sobrienyour programs, too. 4290075Sobrien 4390075Sobrien When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not 4490075Sobrienprice. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you 4590075Sobrienhave the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for 4690075Sobrienthis service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it 4790075Sobrienif you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it 4890075Sobrienin new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. 4990075Sobrien 5090075Sobrien To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid 5190075Sobrienanyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. 5290075SobrienThese restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you 5390075Sobriendistribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. 5490075Sobrien 5590075Sobrien For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether 5690075Sobriengratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that 5790075Sobrienyou have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the 5890075Sobriensource code. And you must show them these terms so they know their 5990075Sobrienrights. 6090075Sobrien 6190075Sobrien We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and 6290075Sobrien(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, 6390075Sobriendistribute and/or modify the software. 6490075Sobrien 6590075Sobrien Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain 6690075Sobrienthat everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free 6790075Sobriensoftware. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we 6890075Sobrienwant its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so 6990075Sobrienthat any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original 7090075Sobrienauthors' reputations. 7190075Sobrien 7290075Sobrien Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software 7390075Sobrienpatents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free 7490075Sobrienprogram will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the 7590075Sobrienprogram proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any 7690075Sobrienpatent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. 7790075Sobrien 7890075Sobrien The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 7990075Sobrienmodification follow. 8090075Sobrien 8190075Sobrien@iftex 82169689Skan@unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 8390075Sobrien@end iftex 8490075Sobrien@ifnottex 8590075Sobrien@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 8690075Sobrien@end ifnottex 8790075Sobrien 8890075Sobrien@enumerate 0 8990075Sobrien@item 9090075SobrienThis License applies to any program or other work which contains 9190075Sobriena notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed 9290075Sobrienunder the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, 9390075Sobrienrefers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' 9490075Sobrienmeans either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: 9590075Sobrienthat is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, 9690075Sobrieneither verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another 9790075Sobrienlanguage. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in 9890075Sobrienthe term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. 9990075Sobrien 10090075SobrienActivities other than copying, distribution and modification are not 10190075Sobriencovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of 10290075Sobrienrunning the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program 10390075Sobrienis covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the 10490075SobrienProgram (independent of having been made by running the Program). 10590075SobrienWhether that is true depends on what the Program does. 10690075Sobrien 10790075Sobrien@item 10890075SobrienYou may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's 10990075Sobriensource code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you 11090075Sobrienconspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate 11190075Sobriencopyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the 11290075Sobriennotices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; 11390075Sobrienand give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License 11490075Sobrienalong with the Program. 11590075Sobrien 11690075SobrienYou may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and 11790075Sobrienyou may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 11890075Sobrien 11990075Sobrien@item 12090075SobrienYou may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion 12190075Sobrienof it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and 12290075Sobriendistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 12390075Sobrienabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: 12490075Sobrien 12590075Sobrien@enumerate a 12690075Sobrien@item 12790075SobrienYou must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices 12890075Sobrienstating that you changed the files and the date of any change. 12990075Sobrien 13090075Sobrien@item 13190075SobrienYou must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in 13290075Sobrienwhole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any 13390075Sobrienpart thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third 13490075Sobrienparties under the terms of this License. 13590075Sobrien 13690075Sobrien@item 13790075SobrienIf the modified program normally reads commands interactively 13890075Sobrienwhen run, you must cause it, when started running for such 13990075Sobrieninteractive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an 14090075Sobrienannouncement including an appropriate copyright notice and a 14190075Sobriennotice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide 14290075Sobriena warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under 14390075Sobrienthese conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this 14490075SobrienLicense. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but 14590075Sobriendoes not normally print such an announcement, your work based on 14690075Sobrienthe Program is not required to print an announcement.) 14790075Sobrien@end enumerate 14890075Sobrien 14990075SobrienThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If 15090075Sobrienidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, 15190075Sobrienand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in 15290075Sobrienthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those 15390075Sobriensections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you 15490075Sobriendistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based 15590075Sobrienon the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of 15690075Sobrienthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the 15790075Sobrienentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. 15890075Sobrien 15990075SobrienThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest 16090075Sobrienyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to 16190075Sobrienexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or 16290075Sobriencollective works based on the Program. 16390075Sobrien 16490075SobrienIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program 16590075Sobrienwith the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of 16690075Sobriena storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under 16790075Sobrienthe scope of this License. 16890075Sobrien 16990075Sobrien@item 17090075SobrienYou may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, 17190075Sobrienunder Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of 17290075SobrienSections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: 17390075Sobrien 17490075Sobrien@enumerate a 17590075Sobrien@item 17690075SobrienAccompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable 17790075Sobriensource code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 17890075Sobrien1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, 17990075Sobrien 18090075Sobrien@item 18190075SobrienAccompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three 18290075Sobrienyears, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your 18390075Sobriencost of physically performing source distribution, a complete 18490075Sobrienmachine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be 18590075Sobriendistributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium 18690075Sobriencustomarily used for software interchange; or, 18790075Sobrien 18890075Sobrien@item 18990075SobrienAccompany it with the information you received as to the offer 19090075Sobriento distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is 19190075Sobrienallowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you 19290075Sobrienreceived the program in object code or executable form with such 19390075Sobrienan offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) 19490075Sobrien@end enumerate 19590075Sobrien 19690075SobrienThe source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for 19790075Sobrienmaking modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source 19890075Sobriencode means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any 19990075Sobrienassociated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to 20090075Sobriencontrol compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a 20190075Sobrienspecial exception, the source code distributed need not include 20290075Sobrienanything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary 20390075Sobrienform) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the 20490075Sobrienoperating system on which the executable runs, unless that component 20590075Sobrienitself accompanies the executable. 20690075Sobrien 20790075SobrienIf distribution of executable or object code is made by offering 20890075Sobrienaccess to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent 20990075Sobrienaccess to copy the source code from the same place counts as 21090075Sobriendistribution of the source code, even though third parties are not 21190075Sobriencompelled to copy the source along with the object code. 21290075Sobrien 21390075Sobrien@item 21490075SobrienYou may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program 21590075Sobrienexcept as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 21690075Sobrienotherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is 21790075Sobrienvoid, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 21890075SobrienHowever, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under 21990075Sobrienthis License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 22090075Sobrienparties remain in full compliance. 22190075Sobrien 22290075Sobrien@item 22390075SobrienYou are not required to accept this License, since you have not 22490075Sobriensigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or 22590075Sobriendistribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are 22690075Sobrienprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by 22790075Sobrienmodifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the 22890075SobrienProgram), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and 22990075Sobrienall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying 23090075Sobrienthe Program or works based on it. 23190075Sobrien 23290075Sobrien@item 23390075SobrienEach time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the 23490075SobrienProgram), the recipient automatically receives a license from the 23590075Sobrienoriginal licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to 23690075Sobrienthese terms and conditions. You may not impose any further 23790075Sobrienrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 23890075SobrienYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to 23990075Sobrienthis License. 24090075Sobrien 24190075Sobrien@item 24290075SobrienIf, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent 24390075Sobrieninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), 24490075Sobrienconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 24590075Sobrienotherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 24690075Sobrienexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot 24790075Sobriendistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 24890075SobrienLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you 24990075Sobrienmay not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent 25090075Sobrienlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by 25190075Sobrienall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then 25290075Sobrienthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to 25390075Sobrienrefrain entirely from distribution of the Program. 25490075Sobrien 25590075SobrienIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under 25690075Sobrienany particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to 25790075Sobrienapply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other 25890075Sobriencircumstances. 25990075Sobrien 26090075SobrienIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any 26190075Sobrienpatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any 26290075Sobriensuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the 26390075Sobrienintegrity of the free software distribution system, which is 26490075Sobrienimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made 26590075Sobriengenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed 26690075Sobrienthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that 26790075Sobriensystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing 26890075Sobriento distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot 26990075Sobrienimpose that choice. 27090075Sobrien 27190075SobrienThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to 27290075Sobrienbe a consequence of the rest of this License. 27390075Sobrien 27490075Sobrien@item 27590075SobrienIf the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in 27690075Sobriencertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the 27790075Sobrienoriginal copyright holder who places the Program under this License 27890075Sobrienmay add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding 27990075Sobrienthose countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among 28090075Sobriencountries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates 28190075Sobrienthe limitation as if written in the body of this License. 28290075Sobrien 28390075Sobrien@item 28490075SobrienThe Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions 28590075Sobrienof the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 28690075Sobrienbe similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 28790075Sobrienaddress new problems or concerns. 28890075Sobrien 28990075SobrienEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program 29090075Sobrienspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any 29190075Sobrienlater version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions 29290075Sobrieneither of that version or of any later version published by the Free 29390075SobrienSoftware Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of 29490075Sobrienthis License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software 29590075SobrienFoundation. 29690075Sobrien 29790075Sobrien@item 29890075SobrienIf you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free 29990075Sobrienprograms whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author 30090075Sobriento ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free 30190075SobrienSoftware Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes 30290075Sobrienmake exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals 30390075Sobrienof preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and 30490075Sobrienof promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. 30590075Sobrien 30690075Sobrien@iftex 30790075Sobrien@heading NO WARRANTY 30890075Sobrien@end iftex 30990075Sobrien@ifnottex 31090075Sobrien@center NO WARRANTY 31190075Sobrien@end ifnottex 31290075Sobrien 31390075Sobrien@item 31490075SobrienBECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY 31590075SobrienFOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN 31690075SobrienOTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 31790075SobrienPROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED 31890075SobrienOR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 31990075SobrienMERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS 32090075SobrienTO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE 32190075SobrienPROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, 32290075SobrienREPAIR OR CORRECTION. 32390075Sobrien 32490075Sobrien@item 32590075SobrienIN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 32690075SobrienWILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR 32790075SobrienREDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, 32890075SobrienINCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING 32990075SobrienOUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED 33090075SobrienTO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY 33190075SobrienYOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER 33290075SobrienPROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE 33390075SobrienPOSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 33490075Sobrien@end enumerate 33590075Sobrien 33690075Sobrien@iftex 33790075Sobrien@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 33890075Sobrien@end iftex 33990075Sobrien@ifnottex 34090075Sobrien@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 34190075Sobrien@end ifnottex 34290075Sobrien 34390075Sobrien@page 344169689Skan@unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 34590075Sobrien 34690075Sobrien If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 34790075Sobrienpossible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 34890075Sobrienfree software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 34990075Sobrien 35090075Sobrien To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 35190075Sobriento attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 35290075Sobrienconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 35390075Sobrienthe ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 35490075Sobrien 35590075Sobrien@smallexample 35690075Sobrien@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} 35790075SobrienCopyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author} 35890075Sobrien 35990075SobrienThis program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 36090075Sobrienit under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 36190075Sobrienthe Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 36290075Sobrien(at your option) any later version. 36390075Sobrien 36490075SobrienThis program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 36590075Sobrienbut WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 36690075SobrienMERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 36790075SobrienGNU General Public License for more details. 36890075Sobrien 36990075SobrienYou should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 370169689Skanalong with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 371169689SkanFoundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA 37290075Sobrien@end smallexample 37390075Sobrien 37490075SobrienAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 37590075Sobrien 37690075SobrienIf the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this 37790075Sobrienwhen it starts in an interactive mode: 37890075Sobrien 37990075Sobrien@smallexample 38090075SobrienGnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author} 38190075SobrienGnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details 38290075Sobrientype `show w'. 38390075SobrienThis is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 38490075Sobrienunder certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 38590075Sobrien@end smallexample 38690075Sobrien 38790075SobrienThe hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show 38890075Sobrienthe appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the 38990075Sobriencommands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and 39090075Sobrien@samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever 39190075Sobriensuits your program. 39290075Sobrien 39390075SobrienYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 39490075Sobrienschool, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if 39590075Sobriennecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 39690075Sobrien 397169689Skan@example 39890075SobrienYoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program 39990075Sobrien`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. 40090075Sobrien 40190075Sobrien@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 40290075SobrienTy Coon, President of Vice 403169689Skan@end example 40490075Sobrien 40590075SobrienThis General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 40690075Sobrienproprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may 40790075Sobrienconsider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the 40890075Sobrienlibrary. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General 40990075SobrienPublic License instead of this License. 41090075Sobrien@c man end 411