UPDATING revision 163709
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. 23 2420061025: 25 KSE in the kernel has now been made optional and turned on by 26 default in the GENERIC kernels. Either add 'options KSE' to your 27 custom kernel or edit /etc/libmap.conf to redirect libpthread.so.2 28 to libthr.so.2. All kernel modules *must* be recompiled after 29 this change. There-after, modules from a KSE kernel should be 30 compatible with modules from a NOKSE kernel due to the temporary 31 padding fields added to 'struct proc'. 32 3320060929: 34 mrouted and its utilities have been removed from the base system. 35 3620060927: 37 Some ioctl(2) command codes have changed. Full backward ABI 38 compatibility is provided if the "options COMPAT_FREEBSD6" is 39 present in the kernel configuration file. Make sure to add 40 this option to your kernel config file, or recompile X.Org 41 and the rest of ports; otherwise they may refuse to work. 42 4320060924: 44 tcpslice has been removed from the base system. 45 4620060913: 47 The sizes of struct tcpcb (and struct xtcpcb) have changed due to 48 the rewrite of TCP syncookies. Tools like netstat, sockstat, and 49 systat needs to be rebuilt. 50 5120060903: 52 libpcap updated to v0.9.4 and tcpdump to v3.9.4 53 5420060816: 55 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED option is gone and the behaviour 56 for IPFIREWALL_FORWARD is now as it was before when it was first 57 committed and for years after. The behaviour is now ON. 58 5920060725: 60 enigma(1)/crypt(1) utility has been changed on 64 bit architectures. 61 Now it can decrypt files created from different architectures. 62 Unfortunately, it is no longer able to decrypt a cipher text 63 generated with an older version on 64 bit architectures. 64 If you have such a file, you need old utility to decrypt it. 65 6620060709: 67 The interface version of the i4b kernel part has changed. So 68 after updating the kernel sources and compiling a new kernel, 69 the i4b user space tools in "/usr/src/usr.sbin/i4b" must also 70 be rebuilt, and vice versa. 71 7220060627: 73 The XBOX kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver instead of 74 the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 75 accordingly. 76 7720060514: 78 The i386-only lnc(4) driver for the AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx 79 PCnet family of NICs has been removed. The new le(4) driver serves 80 as an equivalent but cross-platform replacement with the pcn(4) 81 driver still providing performance-optimized support for the subset 82 of AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST and greater chips as before. 83 8420060511: 85 The machdep.* sysctls and the adjkerntz utility have been 86 modified a bit. The new adjkerntz utility uses the new 87 sysctl names and sysctlbyname() calls, so it may be impossible 88 to run an old /sbin/adjkerntz utility in single-user mode 89 with a new kernel. Replace the `adjkerntz -i' step before 90 `make installworld' with: 91 92 /usr/obj/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz -i 93 94 and proceed as usual with the rest of the installworld-stage 95 steps. Otherwise, you risk installing binaries with their 96 timestamp set several hours in the future, especially if 97 you are running with local time set to GMT+X hours. 98 9920060412: 100 The ip6fw utility has been removed. The behavior provided by 101 ip6fw has been in ipfw2 for a good while and the rc.d scripts 102 have been updated to deal with it. There are some rules that 103 might not migrate cleanly. Use rc.firewall6 as a template to 104 rewrite rules. 105 10620060428: 107 The puc(4) driver has been overhauled. The ebus(4) and sbus(4) 108 attachments have been removed. Make sure to configure scc(4) 109 on sparc64. Note also that by default puc(4) will use uart(4) 110 and not sio(4) for serial ports because interrupt handling has 111 been optimized for multi-port serial cards and only uart(4) 112 implements the interface to support it. 113 11420060330: 115 The scc(4) driver replaces puc(4) for Serial Communications 116 Controllers (SCCs) like the Siemens SAB82532 and the Zilog 117 Z8530. On sparc64, it is advised to add scc(4) to the kernel 118 configuration to make sure that the serial ports remain 119 functional. 120 12120060317: 122 Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names. 123 New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled 124 after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf 125 (the src.conf(5) manpage is provided). Full backwards 126 compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's 127 highly recommended to start moving old options out of the 128 system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf 129 while also properly renaming them. More conversions will 130 likely follow. Posting to current@: 131 132 http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html 133 13420060305: 135 The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its 136 functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now. 137 13820060303: 139 The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the 140 tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko 141 kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support 142 for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through 143 its dependencies. 144 14520060204: 146 The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality 147 in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating, 148 including the requirement to run mergemaster -p. 149 15020060201: 151 The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386. 152 Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync. 153 15420060118: 155 This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel 156 now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules. 157 This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You 158 will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old 159 on your next install. 160 If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add 161 -DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes" 162 to your /etc/make.conf. 163 16420060113: 165 libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the 166 potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed. 167 See the malloc(3) manual page for more details. 168 16920060112: 170 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 171 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 172 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 173 17420060106: 175 si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 176 Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f]. 177 17820060106: 179 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 180 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 181 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 182 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 183 18420051231: 185 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 186 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 187 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 188 18920051211: 190 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 191 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 192 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 193 accordingly. 194 19520051202: 196 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 197 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 198 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 199 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 200 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 201 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 202 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 203 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 204 20520051129: 206 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 207 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 208 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 209 21020051129: 211 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 212 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 213 21420051108: 215 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 216 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 217 21820051029: 219 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 220 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 221 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 222 22320051014: 224 Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel 225 configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options 226 due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be 227 corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of 228 the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options 229 in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and 230 modules afterwards. 231 23220051001: 233 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 234 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 235 23620050927: 237 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 238 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 239 24020050722: 241 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 242 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 243 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 244 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 245 architecture. 246 24720050711: 248 RELENG_6 branched here. 249 25020050629: 251 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 252 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 253 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 254 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 255 removable_interfaces. 256 25720050616: 258 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 259 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 260 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 261 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 262 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 263 affect existing configurations. 264 26520050610: 266 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 267 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 268 updated to the new APIs. 269 27020050609: 271 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 272 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 273 will not behave correctly. 274 275 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 276 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 277 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 278 27920050606: 280 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 281 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 282 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 283 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 284 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 285 286 The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be 287 sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time 288 anyway). 289 29020050605: 291 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 292 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 293 29420050603: 295 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 296 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 297 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 298 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 299 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 300 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 301 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 302 30320050528: 304 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 305 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 306 fail after this date. For full details, please see 307 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 308 30920050503: 310 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 311 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 312 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 313 31420050415: 315 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 316 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 317 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 318 should be updated. 319 32020050227: 321 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 322 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 323 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 324 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 325 32620050225: 327 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 328 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 329 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 330 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 331 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 332 none at this point.) 333 33420050224: 335 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 336 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 337 33820050223: 339 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 340 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 341 with the new kernel. 342 34320050223: 344 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 345 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 346 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 347 34820050220: 349 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 350 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 351 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 352 if you have updated the kernel. 353 354 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 355 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 356 mounting the new volume. 357 35820050206: 359 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 360 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 361 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 362 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 363 36420050206: 365 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 366 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 367 36820050114: 369 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 370 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 371 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 372 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 373 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 374 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 375 37620041221: 377 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 378 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 379 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 380 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 381 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 382 38320041219: 384 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 385 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 386 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 387 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 388 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 389 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 390 and wlan_xauth as required. 391 39220041213: 393 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 394 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 395 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 396 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 397 reflect the change. 398 39920041201: 400 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 401 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 402 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 403 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 404 the module when a wep key is configured). 405 40620041201: 407 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 408 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 409 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 410 41120041116: 412 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 413 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 414 41520041110: 416 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 417 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 418 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 419 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 420 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 421 their /etc/rc scripts. 422 42320041104: 424 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 425 42620041102: 427 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 428 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 429 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 430 43120041022: 432 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 433 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 434 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 435 43620041016: 437 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 438 in the RELENG_5 branch. 439 440COMMON ITEMS: 441 442 General Notes 443 ------------- 444 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 445 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 446 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 447 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 448 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 449 on the -current branch). 450 451 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 452 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 453 environment when searching for values for global variables. 454 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 455 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 456 page for more details. 457 458 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 459 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 460 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 461 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 462 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 463 version upgrade. 464 465 To build a kernel 466 ----------------- 467 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 468 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 469 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 470 471 make kernel-toolchain 472 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 473 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 474 475 To test a kernel once 476 --------------------- 477 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 478 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 479 debugging information) run 480 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 481 nextboot -k testkernel 482 483 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 484 -------------------------------------------------------------- 485 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 486 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 487 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 488 489 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 490 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 491 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 492 make depend 493 make 494 make install 495 496 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 497 498 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 499 ----------------------------------------------------------- 500 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 501 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 502 503 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 504 make buildworld 505 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 506 [1] 507 <reboot in single user> [3] 508 mergemaster -p [5] 509 make installworld 510 make delete-old 511 mergemaster [4] 512 <reboot> 513 514 515 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 516 -------------------------------------------------- 517 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 518 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 519 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 520 # size. 521 522 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 523 <boot into -stable> 524 make buildworld 525 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 526 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 527 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 528 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 529 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 530 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 531 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 532 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 533 <reboot into current> 534 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 535 <maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat> 536 <reboot> 537 538 539 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 540 ---------------------------------------------- 541 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 542 make buildworld [9] 543 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 544 [1] 545 <reboot in single user> [3] 546 mergemaster -p [5] 547 make installworld 548 make delete-old 549 mergemaster -i [4] 550 <reboot> 551 552 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 553 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 554 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 555 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 556 the UPDATING entries. 557 558 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 559 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 560 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 561 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 562 much fewer pitfalls. 563 564 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 565 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 566 system on reboot. 567 568 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 569 fsck -p 570 mount -u / 571 mount -a 572 cd src 573 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 574 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 575 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 576 577 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 578 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 579 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 580 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 581 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 582 for potential gotchas. 583 584 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 585 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 586 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 587 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 588 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 589 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 590 591 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 592 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 593 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 594 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 595 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 596 597 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 598 last time you updated your kernel config file. 599 600 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 601 cvs prune empty directories. 602 603 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 604 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 605 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 606 607 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 608 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 609 warn if it is improperly defined. 610FORMAT: 611 612This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 613breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 614and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 615previous releases if your system is older than this. 616 617Copyright information: 618 619Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 620 621Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 622modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 623document are permitted without further permission from the author. 624 625THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 626IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 627WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 628DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 629INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 630(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 631SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 632HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 633STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 634IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 635POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 636 637If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 638author a beer. 639 640Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 641this document. 642 643$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 163709 2006-10-26 21:42:22Z jb $ 644