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$FreeBSD: stable/10/usr.sbin/jail/jail.conf.5 262836 2014-03-06 10:26:25Z zeising $
.Dd February 13, 2014 .Dt JAIL.CONF 5 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm jail.conf .Nd configuration file for .Xr jail 8 .Sh DESCRIPTION A .Xr jail 8 configuration file consists of one or more jail definitions statements, and parameter or variable statements within those jail definitions. A jail definition statement looks something like a C compound statement. A parameter statement looks like a C assignment, including a terminating semicolon.
p The general syntax of a jail definition is: d -literal -offset indent jailname { parameter = "value"; parameter = "value"; ... } .Ed
p Each jail is required to have a .Va name at the front of its definition. This is used by .Xr jail 8 to specify a jail on the command line and report the jail status, and is also passed to the kernel when creating the jail. .Ss Parameters A jail is defined by a set of named parameters, specified inside the jail definition. See .Xr jail 8 for a list of jail parameters passed to the kernel, as well as internal parameters used when creating and removing jails.
p A typical parameter has a name and a value. Some parameters are boolean and may be specified with values of .Dq true or .Dq false , or as valueless shortcuts, with a .Dq no prefix indicating a false value. For example, these are equivalent: d -literal -offset indent allow.mount = "false"; allow.nomount; .Ed
p Other parameters may have more than one value. A comma-separated list of values may be set in a single statement, or an existing parameter list may be appended to using .Dq += : d -literal -offset indent ip4.addr = 10.1.1.1, 10.1.1.2, 10.1.1.3; ip4.addr = 10.1.1.1; ip4.addr += 10.1.1.2; ip4.addr += 10.1.1.3; .Ed
p Note the .Va name parameter is implicitly set to the name in the jail definition. .Ss String format Parameter values, including jail names, can be single tokens or quoted strings. A token is any sequence of characters that aren't considered special in the syntax of the configuration file (such as a semicolon or whitespace). If a value contains anything more than letters, numbers, dots, dashes and underscores, it is advisable to put quote marks around that value. Either single or double quotes may be used.
p Special characters may be quoted by preceding them with a backslash. Common C-style backslash character codes are also supported, including control characters and octal or hex ASCII codes. A backslash at the end of a line will ignore the subsequent newline and continue the string at the start of the next line. .Ss Variables A string may use shell-style variable substitution. A parameter or variable name preceded by a dollar sign, and possibly enclosed in braces, will be replaced with the value of that parameter or variable. For example, a jail's path may be defined in terms of its name or hostname: d -literal -offset indent path = "/var/jail/$name"; path = "/var/jail/${host.hostname}"; .Ed
p Variable substitution occurs in unquoted tokens or in double-quoted strings, but not in single-quote strings.
p A variable is defined in the same way a parameter is, except that the variable name is preceded with a dollar sign: d -literal -offset indent $parentdir = "/var/jail"; path = "$parentdir/$name"; .Ed
p The difference between parameters and variables is that variables are only used for substitution, while parameters are used both for substitution and for passing to the kernel. .Ss Wildcards A jail definition with a name of .Dq * is used to define wildcard parameters. Every defined jail will contain both the parameters from its own definition statement, as well as any parameters in a wildcard definition.
p Variable substitution is done on a per-jail basis, even when that substitution is for a parameter defined in a wildcard section. This is useful for wildcard parameters based on e.g. a jail's name.
p Later definitions in the configuration file supersede earlier ones, so a wildcard section placed before (above) a jail definition defines parameters that could be changed on a per-jail basis. Or a wildcard section placed after (below) all jails would contain parameters that always apply to every jail. Multiple wildcard statements are allowed, and wildcard parameters may also be specified outside of a jail definition statement.
p If hierarchical jails are defined, a partial-matching wildcard definition may be specified. For example, a definition with a name of .Dq foo.* would apply to jails with names like .Dq foo.bar and .Dq foo.bar.baz . .Ss Comments The configuration file may contain comments in the common C, C++, and shell formats: d -literal -offset indent /* This is a C style comment. * It may span multiple lines. */ // This is a C++ style comment. # This is a shell style comment. .Ed
p Comments are legal wherever whitespace is allowed, i.e. anywhere except in the middle of a string or a token. .Sh EXAMPLES d -literal # Typical static defaults: # Use the rc scripts to start and stop jails. Mount jail's /dev. exec.start = "/bin/sh /etc/rc"; exec.stop = "/bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown"; exec.clean; mount.devfs; # Dynamic wildcard parameter: # Base the path off the jail name. path = "/var/jail/$name"; # A typical jail. foo { host.hostname = "foo.com"; ip4.addr = 10.1.1.1, 10.1.1.2, 10.1.1.3; } # This jail overrides the defaults defined above. bar { exec.start = ''; exec.stop = ''; path = /; mount.nodevfs; persist; // Required because there are no processes } .Ed .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr jail_set 2 , .Xr rc.conf 5 , .Xr jail 8 , .Xr jls 8 .Sh HISTORY The .Xr jail 8 utility appeared in .Fx 4.0 . The .Nm file was added in .Fx 9.1 . .Sh AUTHORS .An -nosplit The jail feature was written by .An Poul-Henning Kamp for R&D Associates
a http://www.rndassociates.com/ who contributed it to .Fx .
p .An James Gritton added the extensible jail parameters and configuration file.