ciphers.pod revision 194206
1=pod 2 3=head1 NAME 4 5ciphers - SSL cipher display and cipher list tool. 6 7=head1 SYNOPSIS 8 9B<openssl> B<ciphers> 10[B<-v>] 11[B<-ssl2>] 12[B<-ssl3>] 13[B<-tls1>] 14[B<cipherlist>] 15 16=head1 DESCRIPTION 17 18The B<cipherlist> command converts OpenSSL cipher lists into ordered 19SSL cipher preference lists. It can be used as a test tool to determine 20the appropriate cipherlist. 21 22=head1 COMMAND OPTIONS 23 24=over 4 25 26=item B<-v> 27 28verbose option. List ciphers with a complete description of 29protocol version (SSLv2 or SSLv3; the latter includes TLS), key exchange, 30authentication, encryption and mac algorithms used along with any key size 31restrictions and whether the algorithm is classed as an "export" cipher. 32Note that without the B<-v> option, ciphers may seem to appear twice 33in a cipher list; this is when similar ciphers are available for 34SSL v2 and for SSL v3/TLS v1. 35 36=item B<-ssl3> 37 38only include SSL v3 ciphers. 39 40=item B<-ssl2> 41 42only include SSL v2 ciphers. 43 44=item B<-tls1> 45 46only include TLS v1 ciphers. 47 48=item B<-h>, B<-?> 49 50print a brief usage message. 51 52=item B<cipherlist> 53 54a cipher list to convert to a cipher preference list. If it is not included 55then the default cipher list will be used. The format is described below. 56 57=back 58 59=head1 CIPHER LIST FORMAT 60 61The cipher list consists of one or more I<cipher strings> separated by colons. 62Commas or spaces are also acceptable separators but colons are normally used. 63 64The actual cipher string can take several different forms. 65 66It can consist of a single cipher suite such as B<RC4-SHA>. 67 68It can represent a list of cipher suites containing a certain algorithm, or 69cipher suites of a certain type. For example B<SHA1> represents all ciphers 70suites using the digest algorithm SHA1 and B<SSLv3> represents all SSL v3 71algorithms. 72 73Lists of cipher suites can be combined in a single cipher string using the 74B<+> character. This is used as a logical B<and> operation. For example 75B<SHA1+DES> represents all cipher suites containing the SHA1 B<and> the DES 76algorithms. 77 78Each cipher string can be optionally preceded by the characters B<!>, 79B<-> or B<+>. 80 81If B<!> is used then the ciphers are permanently deleted from the list. 82The ciphers deleted can never reappear in the list even if they are 83explicitly stated. 84 85If B<-> is used then the ciphers are deleted from the list, but some or 86all of the ciphers can be added again by later options. 87 88If B<+> is used then the ciphers are moved to the end of the list. This 89option doesn't add any new ciphers it just moves matching existing ones. 90 91If none of these characters is present then the string is just interpreted 92as a list of ciphers to be appended to the current preference list. If the 93list includes any ciphers already present they will be ignored: that is they 94will not moved to the end of the list. 95 96Additionally the cipher string B<@STRENGTH> can be used at any point to sort 97the current cipher list in order of encryption algorithm key length. 98 99=head1 CIPHER STRINGS 100 101The following is a list of all permitted cipher strings and their meanings. 102 103=over 4 104 105=item B<DEFAULT> 106 107the default cipher list. This is determined at compile time and is normally 108B<AES:ALL:!aNULL:!eNULL:+RC4:@STRENGTH>. This must be the first cipher string 109specified. 110 111=item B<COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT> 112 113the ciphers included in B<ALL>, but not enabled by default. Currently 114this is B<ADH>. Note that this rule does not cover B<eNULL>, which is 115not included by B<ALL> (use B<COMPLEMENTOFALL> if necessary). 116 117=item B<ALL> 118 119all ciphers suites except the B<eNULL> ciphers which must be explicitly enabled. 120 121=item B<COMPLEMENTOFALL> 122 123the cipher suites not enabled by B<ALL>, currently being B<eNULL>. 124 125=item B<HIGH> 126 127"high" encryption cipher suites. This currently means those with key lengths larger 128than 128 bits, and some cipher suites with 128-bit keys. 129 130=item B<MEDIUM> 131 132"medium" encryption cipher suites, currently some of those using 128 bit encryption. 133 134=item B<LOW> 135 136"low" encryption cipher suites, currently those using 64 or 56 bit encryption algorithms 137but excluding export cipher suites. 138 139=item B<EXP>, B<EXPORT> 140 141export encryption algorithms. Including 40 and 56 bits algorithms. 142 143=item B<EXPORT40> 144 14540 bit export encryption algorithms 146 147=item B<EXPORT56> 148 14956 bit export encryption algorithms. In OpenSSL 0.9.8c and later the set of 15056 bit export ciphers is empty unless OpenSSL has been explicitly configured 151with support for experimental ciphers. 152 153=item B<eNULL>, B<NULL> 154 155the "NULL" ciphers that is those offering no encryption. Because these offer no 156encryption at all and are a security risk they are disabled unless explicitly 157included. 158 159=item B<aNULL> 160 161the cipher suites offering no authentication. This is currently the anonymous 162DH algorithms. These cipher suites are vulnerable to a "man in the middle" 163attack and so their use is normally discouraged. 164 165=item B<kRSA>, B<RSA> 166 167cipher suites using RSA key exchange. 168 169=item B<kEDH> 170 171cipher suites using ephemeral DH key agreement. 172 173=item B<kDHr>, B<kDHd> 174 175cipher suites using DH key agreement and DH certificates signed by CAs with RSA 176and DSS keys respectively. Not implemented. 177 178=item B<aRSA> 179 180cipher suites using RSA authentication, i.e. the certificates carry RSA keys. 181 182=item B<aDSS>, B<DSS> 183 184cipher suites using DSS authentication, i.e. the certificates carry DSS keys. 185 186=item B<aDH> 187 188cipher suites effectively using DH authentication, i.e. the certificates carry 189DH keys. Not implemented. 190 191=item B<kFZA>, B<aFZA>, B<eFZA>, B<FZA> 192 193ciphers suites using FORTEZZA key exchange, authentication, encryption or all 194FORTEZZA algorithms. Not implemented. 195 196=item B<TLSv1>, B<SSLv3>, B<SSLv2> 197 198TLS v1.0, SSL v3.0 or SSL v2.0 cipher suites respectively. 199 200=item B<DH> 201 202cipher suites using DH, including anonymous DH. 203 204=item B<ADH> 205 206anonymous DH cipher suites. 207 208=item B<AES> 209 210cipher suites using AES. 211 212=item B<CAMELLIA> 213 214cipher suites using Camellia. 215 216=item B<3DES> 217 218cipher suites using triple DES. 219 220=item B<DES> 221 222cipher suites using DES (not triple DES). 223 224=item B<RC4> 225 226cipher suites using RC4. 227 228=item B<RC2> 229 230cipher suites using RC2. 231 232=item B<IDEA> 233 234cipher suites using IDEA. 235 236=item B<SEED> 237 238cipher suites using SEED. 239 240=item B<MD5> 241 242cipher suites using MD5. 243 244=item B<SHA1>, B<SHA> 245 246cipher suites using SHA1. 247 248=back 249 250=head1 CIPHER SUITE NAMES 251 252The following lists give the SSL or TLS cipher suites names from the 253relevant specification and their OpenSSL equivalents. It should be noted, 254that several cipher suite names do not include the authentication used, 255e.g. DES-CBC3-SHA. In these cases, RSA authentication is used. 256 257=head2 SSL v3.0 cipher suites. 258 259 SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5 260 SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA 261 SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5 262 SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5 263 SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA 264 SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5 265 SSL_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA 266 SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA 267 SSL_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA 268 SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA 269 270 SSL_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 271 SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 272 SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 273 SSL_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 274 SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 275 SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 276 SSL_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA 277 SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA 278 SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA 279 SSL_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA 280 SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA 281 SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA 282 283 SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5 284 SSL_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5 285 SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA 286 SSL_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA 287 SSL_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA 288 289 SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_NULL_SHA Not implemented. 290 SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_FORTEZZA_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 291 SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Not implemented. 292 293=head2 TLS v1.0 cipher suites. 294 295 TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5 296 TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA 297 TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5 298 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5 299 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA 300 TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5 301 TLS_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA 302 TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA 303 TLS_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA 304 TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA 305 306 TLS_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 307 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 308 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 309 TLS_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 310 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 311 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 312 TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA 313 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA 314 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA 315 TLS_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA 316 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA 317 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA 318 319 TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5 320 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5 321 TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA 322 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA 323 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA 324 325=head2 AES ciphersuites from RFC3268, extending TLS v1.0 326 327 TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA AES128-SHA 328 TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA AES256-SHA 329 330 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 331 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 332 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 333 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 334 335 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA 336 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA 337 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA 338 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 339 340 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA ADH-AES128-SHA 341 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA ADH-AES256-SHA 342 343=head2 Camellia ciphersuites from RFC4132, extending TLS v1.0 344 345 TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA CAMELLIA128-SHA 346 TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA CAMELLIA256-SHA 347 348 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 349 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 350 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 351 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 352 353 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-CAMELLIA128-SHA 354 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-CAMELLIA256-SHA 355 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA128-SHA 356 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA256-SHA 357 358 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA ADH-CAMELLIA128-SHA 359 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA ADH-CAMELLIA256-SHA 360 361=head2 SEED ciphersuites from RFC4162, extending TLS v1.0 362 363 TLS_RSA_WITH_SEED_CBC_SHA SEED-SHA 364 365 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_SEED_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 366 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_SEED_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 367 368 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_SEED_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-SEED-SHA 369 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_SEED_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-SEED-SHA 370 371 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_SEED_CBC_SHA ADH-SEED-SHA 372 373=head2 Additional Export 1024 and other cipher suites 374 375Note: these ciphers can also be used in SSL v3. 376 377 TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DES-CBC-SHA 378 TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-RC4-SHA 379 TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA 380 TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA 381 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_RC4_128_SHA DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA 382 383=head2 SSL v2.0 cipher suites. 384 385 SSL_CK_RC4_128_WITH_MD5 RC4-MD5 386 SSL_CK_RC4_128_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5 387 SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 RC2-MD5 388 SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC2-MD5 389 SSL_CK_IDEA_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 IDEA-CBC-MD5 390 SSL_CK_DES_64_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC-MD5 391 SSL_CK_DES_192_EDE3_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC3-MD5 392 393=head1 NOTES 394 395The non-ephemeral DH modes are currently unimplemented in OpenSSL 396because there is no support for DH certificates. 397 398Some compiled versions of OpenSSL may not include all the ciphers 399listed here because some ciphers were excluded at compile time. 400 401=head1 EXAMPLES 402 403Verbose listing of all OpenSSL ciphers including NULL ciphers: 404 405 openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:eNULL' 406 407Include all ciphers except NULL and anonymous DH then sort by 408strength: 409 410 openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:!ADH:@STRENGTH' 411 412Include only 3DES ciphers and then place RSA ciphers last: 413 414 openssl ciphers -v '3DES:+RSA' 415 416Include all RC4 ciphers but leave out those without authentication: 417 418 openssl ciphers -v 'RC4:!COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT' 419 420Include all chiphers with RSA authentication but leave out ciphers without 421encryption. 422 423 openssl ciphers -v 'RSA:!COMPLEMENTOFALL' 424 425=head1 SEE ALSO 426 427L<s_client(1)|s_client(1)>, L<s_server(1)|s_server(1)>, L<ssl(3)|ssl(3)> 428 429=head1 HISTORY 430 431The B<COMPLENTOFALL> and B<COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT> selection options were 432added in version 0.9.7. 433 434=cut 435