ciphers.pod revision 162911
1=pod 2 3=head1 NAME 4 5ciphers - SSL cipher display and cipher list tool. 6 7=head1 SYNOPSIS 8 9B<openssl> B<ciphers> 10[B<-v>] 11[B<-ssl2>] 12[B<-ssl3>] 13[B<-tls1>] 14[B<cipherlist>] 15 16=head1 DESCRIPTION 17 18The B<cipherlist> command converts OpenSSL cipher lists into ordered 19SSL cipher preference lists. It can be used as a test tool to determine 20the appropriate cipherlist. 21 22=head1 COMMAND OPTIONS 23 24=over 4 25 26=item B<-v> 27 28verbose option. List ciphers with a complete description of 29protocol version (SSLv2 or SSLv3; the latter includes TLS), key exchange, 30authentication, encryption and mac algorithms used along with any key size 31restrictions and whether the algorithm is classed as an "export" cipher. 32Note that without the B<-v> option, ciphers may seem to appear twice 33in a cipher list; this is when similar ciphers are available for 34SSL v2 and for SSL v3/TLS v1. 35 36=item B<-ssl3> 37 38only include SSL v3 ciphers. 39 40=item B<-ssl2> 41 42only include SSL v2 ciphers. 43 44=item B<-tls1> 45 46only include TLS v1 ciphers. 47 48=item B<-h>, B<-?> 49 50print a brief usage message. 51 52=item B<cipherlist> 53 54a cipher list to convert to a cipher preference list. If it is not included 55then the default cipher list will be used. The format is described below. 56 57=back 58 59=head1 CIPHER LIST FORMAT 60 61The cipher list consists of one or more I<cipher strings> separated by colons. 62Commas or spaces are also acceptable separators but colons are normally used. 63 64The actual cipher string can take several different forms. 65 66It can consist of a single cipher suite such as B<RC4-SHA>. 67 68It can represent a list of cipher suites containing a certain algorithm, or 69cipher suites of a certain type. For example B<SHA1> represents all ciphers 70suites using the digest algorithm SHA1 and B<SSLv3> represents all SSL v3 71algorithms. 72 73Lists of cipher suites can be combined in a single cipher string using the 74B<+> character. This is used as a logical B<and> operation. For example 75B<SHA1+DES> represents all cipher suites containing the SHA1 B<and> the DES 76algorithms. 77 78Each cipher string can be optionally preceded by the characters B<!>, 79B<-> or B<+>. 80 81If B<!> is used then the ciphers are permanently deleted from the list. 82The ciphers deleted can never reappear in the list even if they are 83explicitly stated. 84 85If B<-> is used then the ciphers are deleted from the list, but some or 86all of the ciphers can be added again by later options. 87 88If B<+> is used then the ciphers are moved to the end of the list. This 89option doesn't add any new ciphers it just moves matching existing ones. 90 91If none of these characters is present then the string is just interpreted 92as a list of ciphers to be appended to the current preference list. If the 93list includes any ciphers already present they will be ignored: that is they 94will not moved to the end of the list. 95 96Additionally the cipher string B<@STRENGTH> can be used at any point to sort 97the current cipher list in order of encryption algorithm key length. 98 99=head1 CIPHER STRINGS 100 101The following is a list of all permitted cipher strings and their meanings. 102 103=over 4 104 105=item B<DEFAULT> 106 107the default cipher list. This is determined at compile time and is normally 108B<ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+SSLv2:@STRENGTH>. This must be the first cipher string 109specified. 110 111=item B<COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT> 112 113the ciphers included in B<ALL>, but not enabled by default. Currently 114this is B<ADH>. Note that this rule does not cover B<eNULL>, which is 115not included by B<ALL> (use B<COMPLEMENTOFALL> if necessary). 116 117=item B<ALL> 118 119all ciphers suites except the B<eNULL> ciphers which must be explicitly enabled. 120 121=item B<COMPLEMENTOFALL> 122 123the cipher suites not enabled by B<ALL>, currently being B<eNULL>. 124 125=item B<HIGH> 126 127"high" encryption cipher suites. This currently means those with key lengths larger 128than 128 bits, and some cipher suites with 128-bit keys. 129 130=item B<MEDIUM> 131 132"medium" encryption cipher suites, currently some of those using 128 bit encryption. 133 134=item B<LOW> 135 136"low" encryption cipher suites, currently those using 64 or 56 bit encryption algorithms 137but excluding export cipher suites. 138 139=item B<EXP>, B<EXPORT> 140 141export encryption algorithms. Including 40 and 56 bits algorithms. 142 143=item B<EXPORT40> 144 14540 bit export encryption algorithms 146 147=item B<EXPORT56> 148 14956 bit export encryption algorithms. 150 151=item B<eNULL>, B<NULL> 152 153the "NULL" ciphers that is those offering no encryption. Because these offer no 154encryption at all and are a security risk they are disabled unless explicitly 155included. 156 157=item B<aNULL> 158 159the cipher suites offering no authentication. This is currently the anonymous 160DH algorithms. These cipher suites are vulnerable to a "man in the middle" 161attack and so their use is normally discouraged. 162 163=item B<kRSA>, B<RSA> 164 165cipher suites using RSA key exchange. 166 167=item B<kEDH> 168 169cipher suites using ephemeral DH key agreement. 170 171=item B<kDHr>, B<kDHd> 172 173cipher suites using DH key agreement and DH certificates signed by CAs with RSA 174and DSS keys respectively. Not implemented. 175 176=item B<aRSA> 177 178cipher suites using RSA authentication, i.e. the certificates carry RSA keys. 179 180=item B<aDSS>, B<DSS> 181 182cipher suites using DSS authentication, i.e. the certificates carry DSS keys. 183 184=item B<aDH> 185 186cipher suites effectively using DH authentication, i.e. the certificates carry 187DH keys. Not implemented. 188 189=item B<kFZA>, B<aFZA>, B<eFZA>, B<FZA> 190 191ciphers suites using FORTEZZA key exchange, authentication, encryption or all 192FORTEZZA algorithms. Not implemented. 193 194=item B<TLSv1>, B<SSLv3>, B<SSLv2> 195 196TLS v1.0, SSL v3.0 or SSL v2.0 cipher suites respectively. 197 198=item B<DH> 199 200cipher suites using DH, including anonymous DH. 201 202=item B<ADH> 203 204anonymous DH cipher suites. 205 206=item B<AES> 207 208cipher suites using AES. 209 210=item B<3DES> 211 212cipher suites using triple DES. 213 214=item B<DES> 215 216cipher suites using DES (not triple DES). 217 218=item B<RC4> 219 220cipher suites using RC4. 221 222=item B<RC2> 223 224cipher suites using RC2. 225 226=item B<IDEA> 227 228cipher suites using IDEA. 229 230=item B<MD5> 231 232cipher suites using MD5. 233 234=item B<SHA1>, B<SHA> 235 236cipher suites using SHA1. 237 238=item B<Camellia> 239 240cipher suites using Camellia. 241 242=back 243 244=head1 CIPHER SUITE NAMES 245 246The following lists give the SSL or TLS cipher suites names from the 247relevant specification and their OpenSSL equivalents. It should be noted, 248that several cipher suite names do not include the authentication used, 249e.g. DES-CBC3-SHA. In these cases, RSA authentication is used. 250 251=head2 SSL v3.0 cipher suites. 252 253 SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5 254 SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA 255 SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5 256 SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5 257 SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA 258 SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5 259 SSL_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA 260 SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA 261 SSL_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA 262 SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA 263 264 SSL_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 265 SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 266 SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 267 SSL_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 268 SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 269 SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 270 SSL_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA 271 SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA 272 SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA 273 SSL_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA 274 SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA 275 SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA 276 277 SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5 278 SSL_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5 279 SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA 280 SSL_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA 281 SSL_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA 282 283 SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_NULL_SHA Not implemented. 284 SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_FORTEZZA_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 285 SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Not implemented. 286 287=head2 TLS v1.0 cipher suites. 288 289 TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5 290 TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA 291 TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5 292 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5 293 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA 294 TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5 295 TLS_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA 296 TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA 297 TLS_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA 298 TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA 299 300 TLS_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 301 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 302 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 303 TLS_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 304 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 305 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 306 TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA 307 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA 308 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA 309 TLS_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA 310 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA 311 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA 312 313 TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5 314 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5 315 TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA 316 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA 317 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA 318 319=head2 AES ciphersuites from RFC3268, extending TLS v1.0 320 321 TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA AES128-SHA 322 TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA AES256-SHA 323 324 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DH-DSS-AES128-SHA 325 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DH-DSS-AES256-SHA 326 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DH-RSA-AES128-SHA 327 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DH-RSA-AES256-SHA 328 329 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA 330 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA 331 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA 332 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 333 334 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA ADH-AES128-SHA 335 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA ADH-AES256-SHA 336 337=head2 Camellia ciphersuites from RFC4132, extending TLS v1.0 338 339 TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA CAMELLIA128-SHA 340 TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA CAMELLIA256-SHA 341 342 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 343 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 344 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 345 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 346 347 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-CAMELLIA128-SHA 348 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-CAMELLIA256-SHA 349 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA128-SHA 350 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA256-SHA 351 352 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA ADH-CAMELLIA128-SHA 353 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA ADH-CAMELLIA256-SHA 354 355=head2 Additional Export 1024 and other cipher suites 356 357Note: these ciphers can also be used in SSL v3. 358 359 TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DES-CBC-SHA 360 TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-RC4-SHA 361 TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA 362 TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA 363 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_RC4_128_SHA DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA 364 365=head2 SSL v2.0 cipher suites. 366 367 SSL_CK_RC4_128_WITH_MD5 RC4-MD5 368 SSL_CK_RC4_128_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5 369 SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 RC2-MD5 370 SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC2-MD5 371 SSL_CK_IDEA_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 IDEA-CBC-MD5 372 SSL_CK_DES_64_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC-MD5 373 SSL_CK_DES_192_EDE3_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC3-MD5 374 375=head1 NOTES 376 377The non-ephemeral DH modes are currently unimplemented in OpenSSL 378because there is no support for DH certificates. 379 380Some compiled versions of OpenSSL may not include all the ciphers 381listed here because some ciphers were excluded at compile time. 382 383=head1 EXAMPLES 384 385Verbose listing of all OpenSSL ciphers including NULL ciphers: 386 387 openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:eNULL' 388 389Include all ciphers except NULL and anonymous DH then sort by 390strength: 391 392 openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:!ADH:@STRENGTH' 393 394Include only 3DES ciphers and then place RSA ciphers last: 395 396 openssl ciphers -v '3DES:+RSA' 397 398Include all RC4 ciphers but leave out those without authentication: 399 400 openssl ciphers -v 'RC4:!COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT' 401 402Include all chiphers with RSA authentication but leave out ciphers without 403encryption. 404 405 openssl ciphers -v 'RSA:!COMPLEMENTOFALL' 406 407=head1 SEE ALSO 408 409L<s_client(1)|s_client(1)>, L<s_server(1)|s_server(1)>, L<ssl(3)|ssl(3)> 410 411=head1 HISTORY 412 413The B<COMPLENTOFALL> and B<COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT> selection options were 414added in version 0.9.7. 415 416=cut 417