ssh_config.0 revision 180744
1SSH_CONFIG(5)             OpenBSD Programmer's Manual            SSH_CONFIG(5)
2
3NAME
4     ssh_config - OpenSSH SSH client configuration files
5
6SYNOPSIS
7     ~/.ssh/config
8     /etc/ssh/ssh_config
9
10DESCRIPTION
11     ssh(1) obtains configuration data from the following sources in the fol-
12     lowing order:
13
14           1.   command-line options
15           2.   user's configuration file (~/.ssh/config)
16           3.   system-wide configuration file (/etc/ssh/ssh_config)
17
18     For each parameter, the first obtained value will be used.  The configu-
19     ration files contain sections separated by ``Host'' specifications, and
20     that section is only applied for hosts that match one of the patterns
21     given in the specification.  The matched host name is the one given on
22     the command line.
23
24     Since the first obtained value for each parameter is used, more host-spe-
25     cific declarations should be given near the beginning of the file, and
26     general defaults at the end.
27
28     The configuration file has the following format:
29
30     Empty lines and lines starting with `#' are comments.  Otherwise a line
31     is of the format ``keyword arguments''.  Configuration options may be
32     separated by whitespace or optional whitespace and exactly one `='; the
33     latter format is useful to avoid the need to quote whitespace when speci-
34     fying configuration options using the ssh, scp, and sftp -o option.  Ar-
35     guments may optionally be enclosed in double quotes (") in order to rep-
36     resent arguments containing spaces.
37
38     The possible keywords and their meanings are as follows (note that key-
39     words are case-insensitive and arguments are case-sensitive):
40
41     Host    Restricts the following declarations (up to the next Host key-
42             word) to be only for those hosts that match one of the patterns
43             given after the keyword.  A single `*' as a pattern can be used
44             to provide global defaults for all hosts.  The host is the
45             hostname argument given on the command line (i.e. the name is not
46             converted to a canonicalized host name before matching).
47
48             See PATTERNS for more information on patterns.
49
50     AddressFamily
51             Specifies which address family to use when connecting.  Valid ar-
52             guments are ``any'', ``inet'' (use IPv4 only), or ``inet6'' (use
53             IPv6 only).
54
55     BatchMode
56             If set to ``yes'', passphrase/password querying will be disabled.
57             This option is useful in scripts and other batch jobs where no
58             user is present to supply the password.  The argument must be
59             ``yes'' or ``no''.  The default is ``no''.
60
61     BindAddress
62             Use the specified address on the local machine as the source ad-
63             dress of the connection.  Only useful on systems with more than
64             one address.  Note that this option does not work if
65             UsePrivilegedPort is set to ``yes''.
66
67     ChallengeResponseAuthentication
68             Specifies whether to use challenge-response authentication.  The
69             argument to this keyword must be ``yes'' or ``no''.  The default
70             is ``yes''.
71
72     CheckHostIP
73             If this flag is set to ``yes'', ssh(1) will additionally check
74             the host IP address in the known_hosts file.  This allows ssh to
75             detect if a host key changed due to DNS spoofing.  If the option
76             is set to ``no'', the check will not be executed.  The default is
77             ``yes''.
78
79     Cipher  Specifies the cipher to use for encrypting the session in proto-
80             col version 1.  Currently, ``blowfish'', ``3des'', and ``des''
81             are supported.  des is only supported in the ssh(1) client for
82             interoperability with legacy protocol 1 implementations that do
83             not support the 3des cipher.  Its use is strongly discouraged due
84             to cryptographic weaknesses.  The default is ``3des''.
85
86     Ciphers
87             Specifies the ciphers allowed for protocol version 2 in order of
88             preference.  Multiple ciphers must be comma-separated.  The sup-
89             ported ciphers are ``3des-cbc'', ``aes128-cbc'', ``aes192-cbc'',
90             ``aes256-cbc'', ``aes128-ctr'', ``aes192-ctr'', ``aes256-ctr'',
91             ``arcfour128'', ``arcfour256'', ``arcfour'', ``blowfish-cbc'',
92             and ``cast128-cbc''.  The default is:
93
94                aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,
95                arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,aes128-ctr,
96                aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr
97
98     ClearAllForwardings
99             Specifies that all local, remote, and dynamic port forwardings
100             specified in the configuration files or on the command line be
101             cleared.  This option is primarily useful when used from the
102             ssh(1) command line to clear port forwardings set in configura-
103             tion files, and is automatically set by scp(1) and sftp(1).  The
104             argument must be ``yes'' or ``no''.  The default is ``no''.
105
106     Compression
107             Specifies whether to use compression.  The argument must be
108             ``yes'' or ``no''.  The default is ``no''.
109
110     CompressionLevel
111             Specifies the compression level to use if compression is enabled.
112             The argument must be an integer from 1 (fast) to 9 (slow, best).
113             The default level is 6, which is good for most applications.  The
114             meaning of the values is the same as in gzip(1).  Note that this
115             option applies to protocol version 1 only.
116
117     ConnectionAttempts
118             Specifies the number of tries (one per second) to make before ex-
119             iting.  The argument must be an integer.  This may be useful in
120             scripts if the connection sometimes fails.  The default is 1.
121
122     ConnectTimeout
123             Specifies the timeout (in seconds) used when connecting to the
124             SSH server, instead of using the default system TCP timeout.
125             This value is used only when the target is down or really un-
126             reachable, not when it refuses the connection.
127
128     ControlMaster
129             Enables the sharing of multiple sessions over a single network
130             connection.  When set to ``yes'', ssh(1) will listen for connec-
131             tions on a control socket specified using the ControlPath argu-
132             ment.  Additional sessions can connect to this socket using the
133             same ControlPath with ControlMaster set to ``no'' (the default).
134             These sessions will try to reuse the master instance's network
135             connection rather than initiating new ones, but will fall back to
136             connecting normally if the control socket does not exist, or is
137             not listening.
138
139             Setting this to ``ask'' will cause ssh to listen for control con-
140             nections, but require confirmation using the SSH_ASKPASS program
141             before they are accepted (see ssh-add(1) for details).  If the
142             ControlPath cannot be opened, ssh will continue without connect-
143             ing to a master instance.
144
145             X11 and ssh-agent(1) forwarding is supported over these multi-
146             plexed connections, however the display and agent forwarded will
147             be the one belonging to the master connection i.e. it is not pos-
148             sible to forward multiple displays or agents.
149
150             Two additional options allow for opportunistic multiplexing: try
151             to use a master connection but fall back to creating a new one if
152             one does not already exist.  These options are: ``auto'' and
153             ``autoask''.  The latter requires confirmation like the ``ask''
154             option.
155
156     ControlPath
157             Specify the path to the control socket used for connection shar-
158             ing as described in the ControlMaster section above or the string
159             ``none'' to disable connection sharing.  In the path, `%l' will
160             be substituted by the local host name, `%h' will be substituted
161             by the target host name, `%p' the port, and `%r' by the remote
162             login username.  It is recommended that any ControlPath used for
163             opportunistic connection sharing include at least %h, %p, and %r.
164             This ensures that shared connections are uniquely identified.
165
166     DynamicForward
167             Specifies that a TCP port on the local machine be forwarded over
168             the secure channel, and the application protocol is then used to
169             determine where to connect to from the remote machine.
170
171             The argument must be [bind_address:]port.  IPv6 addresses can be
172             specified by enclosing addresses in square brackets or by using
173             an alternative syntax: [bind_address/]port.  By default, the lo-
174             cal port is bound in accordance with the GatewayPorts setting.
175             However, an explicit bind_address may be used to bind the connec-
176             tion to a specific address.  The bind_address of ``localhost''
177             indicates that the listening port be bound for local use only,
178             while an empty address or `*' indicates that the port should be
179             available from all interfaces.
180
181             Currently the SOCKS4 and SOCKS5 protocols are supported, and
182             ssh(1) will act as a SOCKS server.  Multiple forwardings may be
183             specified, and additional forwardings can be given on the command
184             line.  Only the superuser can forward privileged ports.
185
186     EnableSSHKeysign
187             Setting this option to ``yes'' in the global client configuration
188             file /etc/ssh/ssh_config enables the use of the helper program
189             ssh-keysign(8) during HostbasedAuthentication.  The argument must
190             be ``yes'' or ``no''.  The default is ``no''.  This option should
191             be placed in the non-hostspecific section.  See ssh-keysign(8)
192             for more information.
193
194     EscapeChar
195             Sets the escape character (default: `~').  The escape character
196             can also be set on the command line.  The argument should be a
197             single character, `^' followed by a letter, or ``none'' to dis-
198             able the escape character entirely (making the connection trans-
199             parent for binary data).
200
201     ExitOnForwardFailure
202             Specifies whether ssh(1) should terminate the connection if it
203             cannot set up all requested dynamic, tunnel, local, and remote
204             port forwardings.  The argument must be ``yes'' or ``no''.  The
205             default is ``no''.
206
207     ForwardAgent
208             Specifies whether the connection to the authentication agent (if
209             any) will be forwarded to the remote machine.  The argument must
210             be ``yes'' or ``no''.  The default is ``no''.
211
212             Agent forwarding should be enabled with caution.  Users with the
213             ability to bypass file permissions on the remote host (for the
214             agent's Unix-domain socket) can access the local agent through
215             the forwarded connection.  An attacker cannot obtain key material
216             from the agent, however they can perform operations on the keys
217             that enable them to authenticate using the identities loaded into
218             the agent.
219
220     ForwardX11
221             Specifies whether X11 connections will be automatically redirect-
222             ed over the secure channel and DISPLAY set.  The argument must be
223             ``yes'' or ``no''.  The default is ``no''.
224
225             X11 forwarding should be enabled with caution.  Users with the
226             ability to bypass file permissions on the remote host (for the
227             user's X11 authorization database) can access the local X11 dis-
228             play through the forwarded connection.  An attacker may then be
229             able to perform activities such as keystroke monitoring if the
230             ForwardX11Trusted option is also enabled.
231
232     ForwardX11Trusted
233             If this option is set to ``yes'', remote X11 clients will have
234             full access to the original X11 display.
235
236             If this option is set to ``no'', remote X11 clients will be con-
237             sidered untrusted and prevented from stealing or tampering with
238             data belonging to trusted X11 clients.  Furthermore, the xauth(1)
239             token used for the session will be set to expire after 20 min-
240             utes.  Remote clients will be refused access after this time.
241
242             The default is ``no''.
243
244             See the X11 SECURITY extension specification for full details on
245             the restrictions imposed on untrusted clients.
246
247     GatewayPorts
248             Specifies whether remote hosts are allowed to connect to local
249             forwarded ports.  By default, ssh(1) binds local port forwardings
250             to the loopback address.  This prevents other remote hosts from
251             connecting to forwarded ports.  GatewayPorts can be used to spec-
252             ify that ssh should bind local port forwardings to the wildcard
253             address, thus allowing remote hosts to connect to forwarded
254             ports.  The argument must be ``yes'' or ``no''.  The default is
255             ``no''.
256
257     GlobalKnownHostsFile
258             Specifies a file to use for the global host key database instead
259             of /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts.
260
261     GSSAPIAuthentication
262             Specifies whether user authentication based on GSSAPI is allowed.
263             The default is ``no''.  Note that this option applies to protocol
264             version 2 only.
265
266     GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
267             Forward (delegate) credentials to the server.  The default is
268             ``no''.  Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 on-
269             ly.
270
271     HashKnownHosts
272             Indicates that ssh(1) should hash host names and addresses when
273             they are added to ~/.ssh/known_hosts.  These hashed names may be
274             used normally by ssh(1) and sshd(8), but they do not reveal iden-
275             tifying information should the file's contents be disclosed.  The
276             default is ``no''.  Note that existing names and addresses in
277             known hosts files will not be converted automatically, but may be
278             manually hashed using ssh-keygen(1).
279
280     HostbasedAuthentication
281             Specifies whether to try rhosts based authentication with public
282             key authentication.  The argument must be ``yes'' or ``no''.  The
283             default is ``no''.  This option applies to protocol version 2 on-
284             ly and is similar to RhostsRSAAuthentication.
285
286     HostKeyAlgorithms
287             Specifies the protocol version 2 host key algorithms that the
288             client wants to use in order of preference.  The default for this
289             option is: ``ssh-rsa,ssh-dss''.
290
291     HostKeyAlias
292             Specifies an alias that should be used instead of the real host
293             name when looking up or saving the host key in the host key
294             database files.  This option is useful for tunneling SSH connec-
295             tions or for multiple servers running on a single host.
296
297     HostName
298             Specifies the real host name to log into.  This can be used to
299             specify nicknames or abbreviations for hosts.  The default is the
300             name given on the command line.  Numeric IP addresses are also
301             permitted (both on the command line and in HostName specifica-
302             tions).
303
304     IdentitiesOnly
305             Specifies that ssh(1) should only use the authentication identity
306             files configured in the ssh_config files, even if ssh-agent(1)
307             offers more identities.  The argument to this keyword must be
308             ``yes'' or ``no''.  This option is intended for situations where
309             ssh-agent offers many different identities.  The default is
310             ``no''.
311
312     IdentityFile
313             Specifies a file from which the user's RSA or DSA authentication
314             identity is read.  The default is ~/.ssh/identity for protocol
315             version 1, and ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa for protocol ver-
316             sion 2.  Additionally, any identities represented by the authen-
317             tication agent will be used for authentication.
318
319             The file name may use the tilde syntax to refer to a user's home
320             directory or one of the following escape characters: `%d' (local
321             user's home directory), `%u' (local user name), `%l' (local host
322             name), `%h' (remote host name) or `%r' (remote user name).
323
324             It is possible to have multiple identity files specified in con-
325             figuration files; all these identities will be tried in sequence.
326
327     KbdInteractiveDevices
328             Specifies the list of methods to use in keyboard-interactive au-
329             thentication.  Multiple method names must be comma-separated.
330             The default is to use the server specified list.  The methods
331             available vary depending on what the server supports.  For an
332             OpenSSH server, it may be zero or more of: ``bsdauth'', ``pam'',
333             and ``skey''.
334
335     LocalCommand
336             Specifies a command to execute on the local machine after suc-
337             cessfully connecting to the server.  The command string extends
338             to the end of the line, and is executed with /bin/sh.  This di-
339             rective is ignored unless PermitLocalCommand has been enabled.
340
341     LocalForward
342             Specifies that a TCP port on the local machine be forwarded over
343             the secure channel to the specified host and port from the remote
344             machine.  The first argument must be [bind_address:]port and the
345             second argument must be host:hostport.  IPv6 addresses can be
346             specified by enclosing addresses in square brackets or by using
347             an alternative syntax: [bind_address/]port and host/hostport.
348             Multiple forwardings may be specified, and additional forwardings
349             can be given on the command line.  Only the superuser can forward
350             privileged ports.  By default, the local port is bound in accor-
351             dance with the GatewayPorts setting.  However, an explicit
352             bind_address may be used to bind the connection to a specific ad-
353             dress.  The bind_address of ``localhost'' indicates that the lis-
354             tening port be bound for local use only, while an empty address
355             or `*' indicates that the port should be available from all in-
356             terfaces.
357
358     LogLevel
359             Gives the verbosity level that is used when logging messages from
360             ssh(1).  The possible values are: QUIET, FATAL, ERROR, INFO, VER-
361             BOSE, DEBUG, DEBUG1, DEBUG2, and DEBUG3.  The default is INFO.
362             DEBUG and DEBUG1 are equivalent.  DEBUG2 and DEBUG3 each specify
363             higher levels of verbose output.
364
365     MACs    Specifies the MAC (message authentication code) algorithms in or-
366             der of preference.  The MAC algorithm is used in protocol version
367             2 for data integrity protection.  Multiple algorithms must be
368             comma-separated.  The default is:
369
370                   hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,
371                   hmac-ripemd160,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
372
373     NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
374             This option can be used if the home directory is shared across
375             machines.  In this case localhost will refer to a different ma-
376             chine on each of the machines and the user will get many warnings
377             about changed host keys.  However, this option disables host au-
378             thentication for localhost.  The argument to this keyword must be
379             ``yes'' or ``no''.  The default is to check the host key for lo-
380             calhost.
381
382     NumberOfPasswordPrompts
383             Specifies the number of password prompts before giving up.  The
384             argument to this keyword must be an integer.  The default is 3.
385
386     PasswordAuthentication
387             Specifies whether to use password authentication.  The argument
388             to this keyword must be ``yes'' or ``no''.  The default is
389             ``yes''.
390
391     PermitLocalCommand
392             Allow local command execution via the LocalCommand option or us-
393             ing the !command escape sequence in ssh(1).  The argument must be
394             ``yes'' or ``no''.  The default is ``no''.
395
396     Port    Specifies the port number to connect on the remote host.  The de-
397             fault is 22.
398
399     PreferredAuthentications
400             Specifies the order in which the client should try protocol 2 au-
401             thentication methods.  This allows a client to prefer one method
402             (e.g. keyboard-interactive) over another method (e.g. password)
403             The default for this option is: ``gssapi-with-mic,hostbased,
404             publickey, keyboard-interactive, password''.
405
406     Protocol
407             Specifies the protocol versions ssh(1) should support in order of
408             preference.  The possible values are `1' and `2'.  Multiple ver-
409             sions must be comma-separated.  The default is ``2,1''.  This
410             means that ssh tries version 2 and falls back to version 1 if
411             version 2 is not available.
412
413     ProxyCommand
414             Specifies the command to use to connect to the server.  The com-
415             mand string extends to the end of the line, and is executed with
416             /bin/sh.  In the command string, `%h' will be substituted by the
417             host name to connect and `%p' by the port.  The command can be
418             basically anything, and should read from its standard input and
419             write to its standard output.  It should eventually connect an
420             sshd(8) server running on some machine, or execute sshd -i some-
421             where.  Host key management will be done using the HostName of
422             the host being connected (defaulting to the name typed by the us-
423             er).  Setting the command to ``none'' disables this option en-
424             tirely.  Note that CheckHostIP is not available for connects with
425             a proxy command.
426
427             This directive is useful in conjunction with nc(1) and its proxy
428             support.  For example, the following directive would connect via
429             an HTTP proxy at 192.0.2.0:
430
431                ProxyCommand /usr/bin/nc -X connect -x 192.0.2.0:8080 %h %p
432
433     PubkeyAuthentication
434             Specifies whether to try public key authentication.  The argument
435             to this keyword must be ``yes'' or ``no''.  The default is
436             ``yes''.  This option applies to protocol version 2 only.
437
438     RekeyLimit
439             Specifies the maximum amount of data that may be transmitted be-
440             fore the session key is renegotiated.  The argument is the number
441             of bytes, with an optional suffix of `K', `M', or `G' to indicate
442             Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively.  The default is
443             between `1G' and `4G', depending on the cipher.  This option ap-
444             plies to protocol version 2 only.
445
446     RemoteForward
447             Specifies that a TCP port on the remote machine be forwarded over
448             the secure channel to the specified host and port from the local
449             machine.  The first argument must be [bind_address:]port and the
450             second argument must be host:hostport.  IPv6 addresses can be
451             specified by enclosing addresses in square brackets or by using
452             an alternative syntax: [bind_address/]port and host/hostport.
453             Multiple forwardings may be specified, and additional forwardings
454             can be given on the command line.  Only the superuser can forward
455             privileged ports.
456
457             If the bind_address is not specified, the default is to only bind
458             to loopback addresses.  If the bind_address is `*' or an empty
459             string, then the forwarding is requested to listen on all inter-
460             faces.  Specifying a remote bind_address will only succeed if the
461             server's GatewayPorts option is enabled (see sshd_config(5)).
462
463     RhostsRSAAuthentication
464             Specifies whether to try rhosts based authentication with RSA
465             host authentication.  The argument must be ``yes'' or ``no''.
466             The default is ``no''.  This option applies to protocol version 1
467             only and requires ssh(1) to be setuid root.
468
469     RSAAuthentication
470             Specifies whether to try RSA authentication.  The argument to
471             this keyword must be ``yes'' or ``no''.  RSA authentication will
472             only be attempted if the identity file exists, or an authentica-
473             tion agent is running.  The default is ``yes''.  Note that this
474             option applies to protocol version 1 only.
475
476     SendEnv
477             Specifies what variables from the local environ(7) should be sent
478             to the server.  Note that environment passing is only supported
479             for protocol 2.  The server must also support it, and the server
480             must be configured to accept these environment variables.  Refer
481             to AcceptEnv in sshd_config(5) for how to configure the server.
482             Variables are specified by name, which may contain wildcard char-
483             acters.  Multiple environment variables may be separated by
484             whitespace or spread across multiple SendEnv directives.  The de-
485             fault is not to send any environment variables.
486
487             See PATTERNS for more information on patterns.
488
489     ServerAliveCountMax
490             Sets the number of server alive messages (see below) which may be
491             sent without ssh(1) receiving any messages back from the server.
492             If this threshold is reached while server alive messages are be-
493             ing sent, ssh will disconnect from the server, terminating the
494             session.  It is important to note that the use of server alive
495             messages is very different from TCPKeepAlive (below).  The server
496             alive messages are sent through the encrypted channel and there-
497             fore will not be spoofable.  The TCP keepalive option enabled by
498             TCPKeepAlive is spoofable.  The server alive mechanism is valu-
499             able when the client or server depend on knowing when a connec-
500             tion has become inactive.
501
502             The default value is 3.  If, for example, ServerAliveInterval
503             (see below) is set to 15 and ServerAliveCountMax is left at the
504             default, if the server becomes unresponsive, ssh will disconnect
505             after approximately 45 seconds.  This option applies to protocol
506             version 2 only.
507
508     ServerAliveInterval
509             Sets a timeout interval in seconds after which if no data has
510             been received from the server, ssh(1) will send a message through
511             the encrypted channel to request a response from the server.  The
512             default is 0, indicating that these messages will not be sent to
513             the server.  This option applies to protocol version 2 only.
514
515     SmartcardDevice
516             Specifies which smartcard device to use.  The argument to this
517             keyword is the device ssh(1) should use to communicate with a
518             smartcard used for storing the user's private RSA key.  By de-
519             fault, no device is specified and smartcard support is not acti-
520             vated.
521
522     StrictHostKeyChecking
523             If this flag is set to ``yes'', ssh(1) will never automatically
524             add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to con-
525             nect to hosts whose host key has changed.  This provides maximum
526             protection against trojan horse attacks, though it can be annoy-
527             ing when the /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts file is poorly maintained
528             or when connections to new hosts are frequently made.  This op-
529             tion forces the user to manually add all new hosts.  If this flag
530             is set to ``no'', ssh will automatically add new host keys to the
531             user known hosts files.  If this flag is set to ``ask'', new host
532             keys will be added to the user known host files only after the
533             user has confirmed that is what they really want to do, and ssh
534             will refuse to connect to hosts whose host key has changed.  The
535             host keys of known hosts will be verified automatically in all
536             cases.  The argument must be ``yes'', ``no'', or ``ask''.  The
537             default is ``ask''.
538
539     TCPKeepAlive
540             Specifies whether the system should send TCP keepalive messages
541             to the other side.  If they are sent, death of the connection or
542             crash of one of the machines will be properly noticed.  However,
543             this means that connections will die if the route is down tem-
544             porarily, and some people find it annoying.
545
546             The default is ``yes'' (to send TCP keepalive messages), and the
547             client will notice if the network goes down or the remote host
548             dies.  This is important in scripts, and many users want it too.
549
550             To disable TCP keepalive messages, the value should be set to
551             ``no''.
552
553     Tunnel  Request tun(4) device forwarding between the client and the serv-
554             er.  The argument must be ``yes'', ``point-to-point'' (layer 3),
555             ``ethernet'' (layer 2), or ``no''.  Specifying ``yes'' requests
556             the default tunnel mode, which is ``point-to-point''.  The de-
557             fault is ``no''.
558
559     TunnelDevice
560             Specifies the tun(4) devices to open on the client (local_tun)
561             and the server (remote_tun).
562
563             The argument must be local_tun[:remote_tun].  The devices may be
564             specified by numerical ID or the keyword ``any'', which uses the
565             next available tunnel device.  If remote_tun is not specified, it
566             defaults to ``any''.  The default is ``any:any''.
567
568     UsePrivilegedPort
569             Specifies whether to use a privileged port for outgoing connec-
570             tions.  The argument must be ``yes'' or ``no''.  The default is
571             ``no''.  If set to ``yes'', ssh(1) must be setuid root.  Note
572             that this option must be set to ``yes'' for
573             RhostsRSAAuthentication with older servers.
574
575     User    Specifies the user to log in as.  This can be useful when a dif-
576             ferent user name is used on different machines.  This saves the
577             trouble of having to remember to give the user name on the com-
578             mand line.
579
580     UserKnownHostsFile
581             Specifies a file to use for the user host key database instead of
582             ~/.ssh/known_hosts.
583
584     VerifyHostKeyDNS
585             Specifies whether to verify the remote key using DNS and SSHFP
586             resource records.  If this option is set to ``yes'', the client
587             will implicitly trust keys that match a secure fingerprint from
588             DNS.  Insecure fingerprints will be handled as if this option was
589             set to ``ask''.  If this option is set to ``ask'', information on
590             fingerprint match will be displayed, but the user will still need
591             to confirm new host keys according to the StrictHostKeyChecking
592             option.  The argument must be ``yes'', ``no'', or ``ask''.  The
593             default is ``no''.  Note that this option applies to protocol
594             version 2 only.
595
596             See also VERIFYING HOST KEYS in ssh(1).
597
598     XAuthLocation
599             Specifies the full pathname of the xauth(1) program.  The default
600             is /usr/X11R6/bin/xauth.
601
602PATTERNS
603     A pattern consists of zero or more non-whitespace characters, `*' (a
604     wildcard that matches zero or more characters), or `?' (a wildcard that
605     matches exactly one character).  For example, to specify a set of decla-
606     rations for any host in the ``.co.uk'' set of domains, the following pat-
607     tern could be used:
608
609           Host *.co.uk
610
611     The following pattern would match any host in the 192.168.0.[0-9] network
612     range:
613
614           Host 192.168.0.?
615
616     A pattern-list is a comma-separated list of patterns.  Patterns within
617     pattern-lists may be negated by preceding them with an exclamation mark
618     (`!').  For example, to allow a key to be used from anywhere within an
619     organisation except from the ``dialup'' pool, the following entry (in au-
620     thorized_keys) could be used:
621
622           from="!*.dialup.example.com,*.example.com"
623
624FILES
625     ~/.ssh/config
626             This is the per-user configuration file.  The format of this file
627             is described above.  This file is used by the SSH client.  Be-
628             cause of the potential for abuse, this file must have strict per-
629             missions: read/write for the user, and not accessible by others.
630
631     /etc/ssh/ssh_config
632             Systemwide configuration file.  This file provides defaults for
633             those values that are not specified in the user's configuration
634             file, and for those users who do not have a configuration file.
635             This file must be world-readable.
636
637SEE ALSO
638     ssh(1)
639
640AUTHORS
641     OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free ssh 1.2.12 release by
642     Tatu Ylonen.  Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos, Theo
643     de Raadt and Dug Song removed many bugs, re-added newer features and cre-
644     ated OpenSSH.  Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH protocol
645     versions 1.5 and 2.0.
646
647OpenBSD 4.2                     August 15, 2007                             10
648