leapseconds revision 181424
1250323Sdteske# @(#)leapseconds 8.6 2250323Sdteske 3250323Sdteske# Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file. 4250323Sdteske 5250323Sdteske# The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds 6250323Sdteske# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1 7250323Sdteske# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see 8250323Sdteske# Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time, 9250323Sdteske# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905. 10250323Sdteske# There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism 11250323Sdteske# accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation 12250323Sdteske# did not exist until the early 1970s. 13250323Sdteske 14250323Sdteske# The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so lines 15250323Sdteske# will typically look like: 16250323Sdteske# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:60 + R/S 17250323Sdteske# or 18250323Sdteske# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:59 - R/S 19250323Sdteske 20250323Sdteske# If the leapsecond is Rolling (R) the given time is local time 21250323Sdteske# If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is UTC 22250323Sdteske 23250323Sdteske# Leap YEAR MONTH DAY HH:MM:SS CORR R/S 24250323SdteskeLeap 1972 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S 25250323SdteskeLeap 1972 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 26250323SdteskeLeap 1973 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 27250323SdteskeLeap 1974 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 28250323SdteskeLeap 1975 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 29250323SdteskeLeap 1976 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 30250323SdteskeLeap 1977 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 31250323SdteskeLeap 1978 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 32250323SdteskeLeap 1979 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 33250323SdteskeLeap 1981 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S 34250323SdteskeLeap 1982 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S 35250323SdteskeLeap 1983 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S 36250323SdteskeLeap 1985 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S 37250323SdteskeLeap 1987 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 38250323SdteskeLeap 1989 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 39250323SdteskeLeap 1990 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 40250323SdteskeLeap 1992 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S 41250323SdteskeLeap 1993 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S 42250323SdteskeLeap 1994 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S 43250323SdteskeLeap 1995 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 44250323SdteskeLeap 1997 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S 45250323SdteskeLeap 1998 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 46250323SdteskeLeap 2005 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 47250323SdteskeLeap 2008 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S 48250323Sdteske 49250323Sdteske# INTERNATIONAL EARTH ROTATION AND REFERENCE SYSTEMS SERVICE (IERS) 50250323Sdteske# 51250323Sdteske# SERVICE INTERNATIONAL DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE ET DES SYSTEMES DE REFERENCE 52250323Sdteske# 53250323Sdteske# SERVICE DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE 54250323Sdteske# OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS 55250323Sdteske# 61, Av. de l'Observatoire 75014 PARIS (France) 56250323Sdteske# Tel. : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 26 57250323Sdteske# FAX : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 91 58250323Sdteske# e-mail : services.iers@obspm.fr 59250323Sdteske# http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc 60250323Sdteske# 61250323Sdteske# Paris, 4 July 2008 62250323Sdteske# 63250323Sdteske# Bulletin C 36 64250323Sdteske# 65250323Sdteske# To authorities responsible 66250323Sdteske# for the measurement and 67250323Sdteske# distribution of time 68250323Sdteske# 69250323Sdteske# UTC TIME STEP 70250323Sdteske# on the 1st of January 2009 71250323Sdteske# 72250323Sdteske# A positive leap second will be introduced at the end of December 2008. 73251276Sdteske# The sequence of dates of the UTC second markers will be: 74250323Sdteske# 75250323Sdteske# 2008 December 31, 23h 59m 59s 76250323Sdteske# 2008 December 31, 23h 59m 60s 77250323Sdteske# 2009 January 1, 0h 0m 0s 78250323Sdteske# 79250323Sdteske# The difference between UTC and the International Atomic Time TAI is: 80251276Sdteske# 81250323Sdteske# from 2006 January 1, 0h UTC, to 2009 January 1 0h UTC : UTC-TAI = - 33s 82250323Sdteske# from 2009 January 1, 0h UTC, until further notice : UTC-TAI = - 34s 83250323Sdteske# 84250323Sdteske# Leap seconds can be introduced in UTC at the end of the months of December 85250323Sdteske# or June, depending on the evolution of UT1-TAI. Bulletin C is mailed every 86250323Sdteske# six months, either to announce a time step in UTC or to confirm that there 87250323Sdteske# will be no time step at the next possible date. 88250323Sdteske# 89250323Sdteske# Daniel GAMBIS 90250323Sdteske# Head 91250323Sdteske# Earth Orientation Center of IERS 92250323Sdteske# Observatoire de Paris, France 93250323Sdteske