leapseconds revision 147771
1136638Swollman# @(#)leapseconds	7.17
275267Swollman
32742Swollman# Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
42742Swollman
52742Swollman# The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
658787Sru# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
758787Sru# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see
82742Swollman# Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,
92742Swollman# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905.
102742Swollman# There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism
112742Swollman# accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation
122742Swollman# did not exist until the early 1970s.
132742Swollman
142742Swollman# The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so lines
152742Swollman# will typically look like:
162742Swollman#	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:60	+	R/S
172742Swollman# or
182742Swollman#	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:59	-	R/S
192742Swollman
202742Swollman# If the leapsecond is Rolling (R) the given time is local time
2143014Swollman# If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is UTC
222742Swollman
232742Swollman# Leap	YEAR	MONTH	DAY	HH:MM:SS	CORR	R/S
242742SwollmanLeap	1972	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
252742SwollmanLeap	1972	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
262742SwollmanLeap	1973	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
272742SwollmanLeap	1974	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
282742SwollmanLeap	1975	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
292742SwollmanLeap	1976	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
302742SwollmanLeap	1977	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
312742SwollmanLeap	1978	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
322742SwollmanLeap	1979	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
332742SwollmanLeap	1981	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
342742SwollmanLeap	1982	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
352742SwollmanLeap	1983	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
362742SwollmanLeap	1985	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
372742SwollmanLeap	1987	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
382742SwollmanLeap	1989	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
392742SwollmanLeap	1990	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
402742SwollmanLeap	1992	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
412742SwollmanLeap	1993	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
422742SwollmanLeap	1994	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
4339871SphkLeap	1995	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
4439871SphkLeap	1997	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
4539898SphkLeap	1998	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
46147771SphkLeap	2005	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
4786222Swollman
4875267Swollman# 
49140320Swollman# 
50140320Swollman# 
51140320Swollman#      INTERNATIONAL EARTH ROTATION AND REFERENCE SYSTEMS SERVICE (IERS) 
52140320Swollman# 
53136638Swollman# SERVICE INTERNATIONAL DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE ET DES SYSTEMES DE REFERENCE
54136638Swollman# 
5575267Swollman# SERVICE DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE
56140320Swollman# OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS                                   
5775267Swollman# 61, Av. de l'Observatoire 75014 PARIS (France)
5875267Swollman# Tel.      : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 26
5975267Swollman# FAX       : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 91
60147771Sphk# e-mail    : services.iers@obspm.fr
61147771Sphk# http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc
6275267Swollman# 
63147771Sphk#                                               Paris, 4 July 2005
64140320Swollman#                                                            
65147771Sphk#                                               Bulletin C 30
66140320Swollman#                                 
67147771Sphk#                                               To authorities responsible 
68147771Sphk# 					      for the measurement and 
69147771Sphk# 					      distribution of time                                         
7075267Swollman# 
7175267Swollman# 
72147771Sphk#                                    UTC TIME STEP
73147771Sphk#                             on the 1st of January 2006
74140320Swollman#                       
7575267Swollman# 
76147771Sphk#  A positive leap second will be introduced at the end of December 2005.
77147771Sphk#  The sequence of dates of the UTC second markers will be:		
78140320Swollman# 		
79147771Sphk#                           2005 December 31,     23h 59m 59s
80147771Sphk#                           2005 December 31,     23h 59m 60s
81147771Sphk#                           2006 January   1,      0h  0m  0s
82147771Sphk#               
83147771Sphk#  The difference between UTC and the International Atomic Time TAI is:
84147771Sphk#   
85147771Sphk#   from 1999 January 1, 0h UTC, to 2006 January 1  0h UTC  : UTC-TAI = - 32s
86147771Sphk#   from 2006 January 1, 0h UTC, until further notice       : UTC-TAI = - 33s
87147771Sphk#   
88140320Swollman#  Leap seconds can be introduced in UTC at the end of the months of December 
89147771Sphk#  or June, depending on the evolution of UT1-TAI. Bulletin C is mailed every 
90147771Sphk#  six months, either to announce a time step in UTC or to confirm that there 
91140320Swollman#  will be no time step at the next possible date.
92147771Sphk#  
93136638Swollman# 
9486222Swollman# 
95147771Sphk#                                               Daniel GAMBIS
96147771Sphk#                                               Head		
97147771Sphk#                                               Earth Orientation Center of IERS
98147771Sphk# 					      Observatoire de Paris, France
99140320Swollman# 
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