. For best results, format this document with `groff' (GNU roff).
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Legalize
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. groff_char(7) This file is part of groff (GNU roff). File position: <groff_src_top>/man/groff_char.man Last update: 20 July 2002 Copyright (C) 1989-2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. written by Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org> with additions by Bernd Warken <bwarken@mayn.de> Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being this .ig-section and AUTHOR, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the Free Documentation License is included as a file called FDL in the main directory of the groff source package. .. . --------------------------------------------------------------------
Setup Part 1
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. groff only
.if \n(.g .ne 2v
.if \n(.g .sv 2v
. . non-groff
. groff
. tr \[aq]\[aq] . if !c\[aq] \ . ds aq \' . \" This is very special. The standard devdvi fonts don't have a . \" real `aq' glyph; it is defined with .char to be ' instead. . \" The .tr request below in the definition of the C macro maps . \" the apostrophe ' onto the `aq' glyph which would cause a . \" recursive loop. gtroff prevents this within the .char . \" request, trying to access glyph `aq' directly from the font. . \" Consequently, we get a warning, and nothing is printed. . \" . \" The following line prevents this. . if '\*[.T]'dvi' \ . if !r ECFONTS \ . ds aq \' . \" The same is true for X . ds dev \*[.T] . substring dev 0 0 . if '\*[dev]'X' .ds aq \' . ig .. --------------------------------------------------------------------
.Ac accented-char accent char (groff)
. char \\$1 \\$3\ \k[acc]\h'(u;-\w'\\$2'-\w'\\$3'/2+\\\\n[skw]+(\w'x'*0)-\\\\n[skw])'\ \v'(u;\w'x'*0+\\\\n[rst]+(\w'\\$3'*0)-\\\\n[rst])'\\$2\ \v'(u;\w'x'*0-\\\\n[rst]+(\w'\\$3'*0)+\\\\n[rst])'\h'|\\\\n[acc]u' . hcode \\$1 \\$3 .. .Ac \(vc \(ah c .Ac \(vC \(ah C . . --------------------------------------------------------------------
Setup Part 2
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. .nr Sp 3n +\w'Input'u+\n(Spu \ +\w'Input'u+\n(Spu \ +\w'periodcentered'u+\n(Spu . --------------------------------------------------------------------
. C \\$1 "" \\$1 \\$2 "\\$3" .. . --------------------------------------------------------------------
. C \e\\$1 "" \\\\\\$1 \\$2 "\\$3" .. . --------------------------------------------------------------------
.C2/.CN (groff)
. C \e[\\$1] "" \[\\$1] \\$2 "\\$3" .. . --------------------------------------------------------------------
.C2 (non-groff)
. C \e(\\$1 "" \\(\\$1 \\$2 "\\$3" .. . --------------------------------------------------------------------
.CD (groff)
. C \[char\\$1] \\$1 \[char\\$1] \\$2 "\\$3" .. . --------------------------------------------------------------------
.do if !r ECFONTS .do fspecial CR R . --------------------------------------------------------------------
input-name decimal-code output-name ps-name description
.C (groff)
. if c\\$3 \{\ . ft CR . tr `\`'\*[aq] . in 0 . di CH . nop \\$1 . br . di . in . ft . ds CH \\*[CH]\ . tr ``'' . nop \\$3\t\\*[CH]\t\\$2\t\\$4\t\\$5 . \} .. . --------------------------------------------------------------------
.C (non-groff)
. if !'\\$3'' \{\ . ft B . tr `\`'\*(aq . in 0 . di CH \\$1 . br . di . in . ft . ds CH \\*(CH\ . tr ``'' \\$3\t\\*(CH\t\\$2\t\\$4\t\\$5 . \} .. . --------------------------------------------------------------------
'bp .He .. . --------------------------------------------------------------------
'nf Output Input Input PostScript Notes name code name
..
.
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.SH DESCRIPTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------
.
This manual page lists the standard
groff input characters.
.
The output characters in this document will look different depending
on which output device was chosen (with option
-T for the
man (1) program or the roff formatter).
.
Only the characters that are available for the device that
is being used to print or view this manual page will be
.
.
In the actual version, groff provides only 8-bit characters for direct input and named characters for further glyphs. . On ASCII platforms, character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual 7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted as the corresponding characters in the Latin-1 ( ISO-8859-1 ) code set. . On EBCDIC platforms, only the code page cp1047 is supported (which contains the same characters as Latin-1). . It is rather straightforward (for the experienced user) to set up other 8bit encodings like Latin-2 ; since groff will use Unicode in the next major version, no additional encodings are provided. . .
All roff systems provide the concept of named characters. . In traditional roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also provides support for longer names. . It is strongly suggested that only named characters are used for all characters outside of the 7-bit ASCII range. . .
Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1) also produce single characters; these exist for historical reasons or are printable versions of syntactical characters. . They include \e\e , \e' , \e` , \e- , \e. , and \ee ; see groff (@MAN7EXT@). . .
In groff, all of these different types of characters can be tested
positively with the
.if c conditional.
.
.
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. In this section, the characters in groff are specified in tabular form. . The meaning of the columns is as follows. . .
"Output" shows how the character is printed for the current device; although this can have quite a different shape on other devices, it always represents the same glyph. . .
"Input name" specifies how the character is input either directly by a key on the keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence. . .
"Input code" applies to characters which can be input with a single character, and gives the ISO Latin-1 decimal code of that input character. . Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode characters; (including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127). . .
"PostScript name" gives the usual PostScript name of the output character.
.
.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
. These are the basic characters having 7-bit ASCII code values. . These are identical to the first 127 characters of the character standards ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) and Unicode (range "C0 Controls and Basic Latin" ). . To save space, not every code has an entry in the following because the following code ranges are well known. .
0-32 Control characters (print as themselves). .
48-57 Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves). .
65-90 Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves). .
97-122 Lower case letters a-z (print as themselves). .
127 Control character (prints as itself). .
The remaining ranges constitute the printable, non-alphanumeric ASCII characters; only these are listed below. . As can be seen in the table below, most of these characters print as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters: .
\` the ISO Latin-1 `Grave Accent' (code 96) prints as `, a left single quotation mark, .
\*(aq the ISO Latin-1 `Apostrophe' (code 39) prints as ', a right single quotation mark; the corresponding ISO Latin-1 characters can be obtained with \e` and \e(aq . .
- the ISO Latin-1 `Hyphen, Minus Sign' (code 45) prints as a hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with \e- . .
~ the ISO Latin-1 `Tilde' (code 126); a larger glyph can be obtained with \e(ti . .
^ the ISO Latin-1 `Circumflex Accent' (code 94); a larger glyph can be obtained with \e(ha . . .
.He
33 exclam
34 quotedbl
35 numbersign
36 dollar
37 percent
38 ampersand
39 quoteright
40 parenleft
41 parenright
42 asterisk
43 plus
44 comma
45 hyphen
46 period
47 slash
58 colon
59 semicolon
60 less
61 equal
62 greater
63 question
64 at
91 bracketleft
92 backslash
93 bracketright
94 circumflex "circumflex accent"
95 underscore
96 quoteleft
123 braceleft
124 bar
125 braceright
126 tilde "tilde accent"
.ch Fo
.
.
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. These characters have character codes between 128 and 255. . They are interpreted as characters according to the Latin-1 ( iso-8859-1 ) code set, being identical to the Unicode range "C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement" . .
128-159 . the C1 Controls; they print as themselves, but the effect is mostly undefined. .
160 . the ISO Latin-1 no-break space is mapped to `\e ' , the escaped space character. .
173 . the soft hyphen control character (prints as itself). . groff never use this character for output (thus it is omitted in the table below); the input character 173 is mapped onto \e% . . .
The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255), called the Latin-1 Supplement in Unicode, are printable characters that print as themselves. . Although they can be specified directly with the keyboard on systems with a Latin-1 code page, it is better to use their named character equivalent; see next section. . .
.He
161 exclamdown "inverted exclamation mark"
162 cent
163 sterling
164 currency
165 yen
166 brokenbar
167 section
168 dieresis
169 copyright
170 ordfeminine
171 guillemotleft
172 logicalnot
174 registered
175 macron
176 degree
177 plusminus
178 twosuperior
179 threesuperior
180 acute "acute accent"
181 mu "micro sign"
182 paragraph
183 periodcentered
184 cedilla
185 onesuperior
186 ordmasculine
187 guillemotright
188 onequarter
189 onehalf
190 threequarters
191 questiondown
192 Agrave
193 Aacute
194 Acircumflex
195 Atilde
196 Adieresis
197 Aring
198 AE
199 Ccedilla
200 Egrave
201 Eacute
202 Ecircumflex
203 Edieresis
204 Igrave
205 Iacute
206 Icircumflex
207 Idieresis
208 Eth
209 Ntilde
210 Ograve
211 Oacute
212 Ocircumflex
213 Otilde
214 Odieresis
215 multiply
216 Oslash
217 Ugrave
218 Uacute
219 Ucircumflex
220 Udieresis
221 Yacute
222 Thorn
223 germandbls
224 agrave
225 aacute
226 acircumflex
227 atilde
228 adieresis
229 aring
230 ae
231 ccedilla
232 egrave
233 eacute
234 ecircumflex
235 edieresis
236 igrave
237 iacute
238 icircumflex
239 idieresis
240 eth
241 ntilde
242 ograve
243 oacute
244 ocircumflex
245 otilde
246 odieresis
247 divide
248 oslash
249 ugrave
250 uacute
251 ucircumflex
252 udieresis
253 yacute
254 thorn
255 ydieresis
.ch Fo
.
.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
. The named character idiom is the standard way to specify special characters in roff systems. . They can be embedded into the document text by using escape sequences. . groff (@MAN7EXT@) describes how these escape sequences look. . The character names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the ASCII or Latin-1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters. . Here some examples: .
\e c named character having the name c , which consists of a single character (length 1). .
\e( ch named character having the 2-character name ch . .
\e[ char_name ] named character having the name char_name (having length 1, 2, 3, .\|.\|.). . .
In groff, each 8bit input character can also referred to by the construct \en[char n ] where n is the decimal code of the character, a number between 0 and 255 without leading zeros. . They are mapped onto glyph entities using the .trin request. . Moreover, new character names can be created by the .char request; see groff (@MAN7EXT@). . .
we don't use the third column
+\w'Input'u+\n(Spu-1n \
+1n \
+\w'periodcentered'u+\n(Spu
'nf Output Input PostScript Notes name name
.. .He .C2 -D Eth "Icelandic uppercase eth" .C2 Sd eth "Icelandic lowercase eth" .C2 TP Thorn "Icelandic uppercase thorn" .C2 Tp thorn "Icelandic lowercase thorn" .C2 ss germandbls "German sharp s" .
Ligatures .C2 ff ff "ff ligature" .C2 fi fi "fi ligature" .C2 fl fl "fl ligature" .C2 Fi ffi "ffi ligature" .C2 Fl ffl "ffl ligature" .C2 AE AE .C2 ae ae .C2 OE OE .C2 oe oe .C2 IJ IJ "Dutch IJ ligature" .C2 ij ij "Dutch ij ligature" .C2 .i dotlessi "i without a dot (Turkish)" .C2 .j dotlessj "j without a dot" .
Accented Characters .C2 'A Aacute .C2 'C Cacute .C2 'E Eacute .C2 'I Iacute .C2 'O Oacute .C2 'U Uacute .C2 'Y Yacute .C2 'a aacute .C2 'c cacute .C2 'e eacute .C2 'i iacute .C2 'o oacute .C2 'u uacute .C2 'y yacute .C2 :A Adieresis "A with umlaut" .C2 :E Edieresis .C2 :I Idieresis .C2 :O Odieresis .C2 :U Udieresis .C2 :Y Ydieresis .C2 :a adieresis .C2 :e edieresis .C2 :i idieresis .C2 :o odieresis .C2 :u udieresis .C2 :y ydieresis .C2 ^A Acircumflex .C2 ^E Ecircumflex .C2 ^I Icircumflex .C2 ^O Ocircumflex .C2 ^U Ucircumflex .C2 ^a acircumflex .C2 ^e ecircumflex .C2 ^i icircumflex .C2 ^o ocircumflex .C2 ^u ucircumflex .C2 `A Agrave .C2 `E Egrave .C2 `I Igrave .C2 `O Ograve .C2 `U Ugrave .C2 `a agrave .C2 `e egrave .C2 `i igrave .C2 `o ograve .C2 `u ugrave .C2 ~A Atilde .C2 ~N Ntilde .C2 ~O Otilde .C2 ~a atilde .C2 ~n ntilde .C2 ~o otilde .C2 vS Scaron .C2 vs scaron .C2 vZ Zcaron .C2 vz zcaron .C2 ,C Ccedilla .C2 ,c ccedilla .C2 /L Lslash "Polish L with a slash" .C2 /l lslash "Polish l with a slash" .C2 /O Oslash "Scandinavic slashed O" .C2 /o oslash "Scandinavic slashed o" .C2 oA Aring .C2 oa aring .
Accents .C2 a" hungarumlaut "Hungarian umlaut"\"" .C2 a- macron "macron or bar accent" .C2 a. dotaccent "dot accent" .C2 a^ circumflex "circumflex accent" .C2 aa acute "acute accent" .C2 ga grave "grave accent" .C2 ab breve "breve accent" .C2 ac cedilla "cedilla accent" .C2 ad dieresis "umlaut or dieresis" .C2 ah caron "h\('a\(vcek accent" .C2 ao ring "ring or circle accent" .C2 a~ tilde "tilde accent" .C2 ho ogonek "hook or ogonek accent" .C2 ha asciicircum "\s-2ASCII\s+2 circumflex, hat, caret" .C2 ti asciitilde "\s-2ASCII\s0 tilde, large tilde" .
Quotes .C2 Bq quotedblbase "low double comma quote" .C2 bq quotesinglbase "low single comma quote" .C2 lq quotedblleft .C2 rq quotedblright .C2 oq quoteleft "single open quote" .C2 cq quoteright "single closing quote (ASCII 39)" .C2 aq quotesingle "apostrophe quote" .C2 dq quotedbl "double quote (ASCII 34)" .C2 Fo guillemotleft .C2 Fc guillemotright .C2 fo guilsinglleft .C2 fc guilsinglright .
Punctuation .C2 r! exclamdown .C2 r? questiondown .C2 em emdash "em dash" .C2 en endash "en dash" .C2 hy hyphen .
Brackets .C2 lB bracketleft .C2 rB bracketright .C2 lC braceleft .C2 rC braceright .C2 la angleleft "left angle bracket" .C2 ra angleright "right angle bracket" .
Arrows .C2 <- arrowleft .C2 -> arrowright .C2 <> arrowboth "horizontal double-headed arrow" .C2 da arrowdown .C2 ua arrowup .C2 va arrowupdn "vertical double-headed arrow" .C2 lA arrowdblleft .C2 rA arrowdblright .C2 hA arrowdblboth "horizontal double-headed double arrow" .C2 dA arrowdbldown .C2 uA arrowdblup .C2 vA "vertical double-headed double arrow" .C2 an arrowhorizex "horizontal arrow extension" .
Lines .C2 -h hbar .C2 or bar .C2 ba bar .C2 br br "box rule with traditional troff metrics" .C2 ru ru "baseline rule" .C2 ul ul "underline with traditional troff metrics" .C2 bv bv "bar vertical" .C2 bb brokenbar .C2 sl slash .C2 rs backslash .
Text markers .C2 ci circle .C2 bu bullet .C2 dd daggerdbl "double dagger sign" .C2 dg dagger .C2 lz lozenge .C2 sq square .C2 ps paragraph .C2 sc section .C2 lh handleft .C2 rh handright .C2 at at .C2 sh numbersign .C2 CR carriagereturn "carriage return symbol" .C2 OK a19 "check mark, tick" .
Legalize .C2 co copyright .C2 rg registered .C2 tm trademark .C2 bs bell "AT&T Bell Labs logo (not used in groff)" .
Currency symbols .C2 Do dollar .C2 ct cent .C2 eu "official Euro symbol" .C2 Eu Euro "font-specific Euro glyph variant" .C2 Ye yen .C2 Po sterling "British currency sign" .C2 Cs currency "Scandinavian currency sign" .C2 Fn florin "Dutch currency sign" .
Units .C2 de degree .C2 %0 perthousand "per thousand, per mille sign" .C2 fm minute "footmark, prime" .C2 sd second .C2 mc mu "micro sign" .C2 Of ordfeminine .C2 Om ordmasculine .
Logical Symbols .C2 AN logicaland .C2 OR logicalor .C2 no logicalnot .C2 te existential "there exists, existential quantifier" .C2 fa universal "for all, universal quantifier" .C2 st suchthat .C2 3d therefore .C2 tf therefore .
Mathematical Symbols .C2 12 onehalf .C2 14 onequarter .C2 34 threequarters .C2 S1 onesuperior .C2 S2 twosuperior .C2 S3 threesuperior . .C2 pl plusmath "plus sign in special font" .C1 - minus "minus sign from current font" .C2 -+ minusplus .C2 +- plusminus .CN t+- plusminus "text variant of `+-'" .C2 pc periodcentered "multiplication dot" .C2 md dotmath .C2 mu multiply .CN tmu multiply "text variant of `mu'" .C2 c* circlemultiply "multiply sign in a circle" .C2 c+ circleplus "plus sign in a circle" .C2 di divide "division sign" .CN tdi divide "text variant of `di'" .C2 f/ fraction "bar for fractions" .C2 ** asteriskmath . .C2 <= lessequal .C2 >= greaterequal .C2 << "much less" .C2 >> "much greater" .C2 != notequal .C2 eq equalmath "equals sign in special font" .C2 == equivalence .C2 =~ congruent .C2 ap similar .C2 ~~ approxequal .C2 ~= approxequal .C2 pt proportional . .C2 es emptyset .C2 mo element .C2 nm notelement .C2 nb notsubset .C2 nc notpropersuperset .C2 ne notequivalence .C2 sb propersubset .C2 sp propersuperset .C2 ib reflexsubset .C2 ip reflexsuperset .C2 ca intersection "intersection, cap" .C2 cu union "union, cup" . .C2 /_ angle .C2 pp perpendicular .C2 is integral .CN sum sum .CN product product .C2 gr gradient .C2 sr radical "square root" .C2 rn overline "continuation of square root" . .C2 if infinity .C2 Ah aleph .C2 Im Ifraktur "Gothic I, imaginary" .C2 Re Rfraktur "Gothic R, real" .C2 wp weierstrass "Weierstrass p" .C2 pd partialdiff "partial differentiation sign" .
Greek characters .C2 *A Alpha .C2 *B Beta .C2 *C Xi .C2 *D Delta .C2 *E Epsilon .C2 *F Phi .C2 *G Gamma .C2 *H Theta .C2 *I Iota .C2 *K Kappa .C2 *L Lambda .C2 *M Mu .C2 *N Nu .C2 *O Omicron .C2 *P Pi .C2 *Q Psi .C2 *R Rho .C2 *S Sigma .C2 *T Tau .C2 *U Upsilon .C2 *W Omega .C2 *X Chi .C2 *Y Eta .C2 *Z Zeta .C2 *a alpha .C2 *b beta .C2 *c xi .C2 *d delta .C2 *e epsilon .C2 *f phi .C2 +f phi1 "variant phi" .C2 *g gamma .C2 *h theta .C2 +h theta1 "variant theta" .C2 *i iota .C2 *k kappa .C2 *l lambda .C2 *m mu .C2 *n nu .C2 *o omicron .C2 *p pi .C2 +p omega1 "variant pi, looking like omega" .C2 *q psi .C2 *r rho .C2 *s sigma .C2 *t tau .C2 *u upsilon .C2 *w omega .C2 *x chi .C2 *y eta .C2 *z zeta .C2 ts sigma1 "terminal sigma" .
Card symbols .C2 CL club "club suit"
.C2 SP spade "spade suit"
.C2 HE heart "heart suit"
.C2 DI diamond "diamond suit"
.ch Fo
.
.
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. Copyright \(co 1989-2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .
This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free Documentation License) version 1.1 or later. . You should have received a copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the . URL http://\:www.gnu.org/\:copyleft/\:fdl.html "GNU copyleft site" . .
This document is part of
groff , the GNU roff distribution.
.
It was written by
. MTO jjc@jclark.com "James Clark"
with additions by
. MTO wl@gnu.org "Werner Lemberg"
and
. MTO bwarken@mayn.de "Bernd Warken" .
.
.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
.
groff (@MAN1EXT@) the GNU roff formatter. .
groff (@MAN7EXT@) a short reference of the groff formatting language. . .
"An extension to the troff character set for Europe" , E.G. Keizer, K.J. Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9, No. 2, Summer 1989 . .
.
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