UPDATING revision 220982
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520110424: 26 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new 27 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were 28 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using 29 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update 30 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY, 31 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers for each type in order of 32 detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables, see cam(4)). 33 34 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class. 35 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool 36 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX. 37 38 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem 39 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack. 40 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config: 41 options ATA_CAM 42 device ahci 43 device mvs 44 device siis 45 , and instead add back: 46 device atadisk # ATA disk drives 47 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives 48 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives 49 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives 50 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives 51 options ATA_STATIC_ID # Static device numbering 52 5320110423: 54 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which 55 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch 56 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on 57 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the 58 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an 59 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon. 60 6120110418: 62 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C 63 related components have been removed from the base system. If you 64 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports. 65 6620110331: 67 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains 68 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci 69 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb 70 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath 71 in order to use ath on everything else. 72 73 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only 74 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation. 75 7620110314: 77 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building 78 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read 79 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process. 80 8120110218: 82 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This 83 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new 84 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE 85 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new 86 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog 87 file in contrib/binutils for the full details. 88 8920110218: 90 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868 91 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication. 92 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all 93 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement 94 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for 95 authentication). 96 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC 97 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication. 98 9920110207: 100 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has 101 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be 102 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality 103 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri). 104 The function remains undocumented. 105 10620110112: 107 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers, 108 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking 109 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs 110 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older 111 systems where the define is not present can check against 112 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030. 113 114 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously 115 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible 116 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has 117 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog 118 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers 119 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030. 120 12120110103: 122 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get 123 the following warning: 124 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 125 unknown. config(8) likely too old." 126 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system 127 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in 128 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and 129 install it on your system. 130 131 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from 132 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing 133 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old 134 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current. 135 13620101228: 137 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with 138 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP 139 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that 140 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to 141 be recompiled. 142 14320101114: 144 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been 145 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along 146 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted 147 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This 148 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise 149 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected 150 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in 151 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8) 152 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect 153 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with 154 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable 155 it, for example via: 156 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol 157 158 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting 159 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4), 160 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take 161 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the 162 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option 163 has to be used instead, for example like in the following: 164 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master 165 166 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY 167 drivers supporting 1000baseT. 168 16920101111: 170 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for 171 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of 172 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User 173 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. 174 sockstat) need to be recompiled. 175 17620101002: 177 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer 178 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to 179 migrate local entries to the new format. 180 18120100928: 182 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a 183 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and 184 upstream sshd. 185 18620100915: 187 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code, 188 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after 189 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel 190 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21). 191 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for 192 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules. 193 19420100913: 195 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into 196 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces. 197 198 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined 199 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value 200 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The 201 default is "AUTO". 202 203 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED 204 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no 205 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for 206 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all 207 interfaces by default, set this to "YES". 208 209 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to 210 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and 211 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer". 212 21320100913: 214 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is 215 now i386 and amd64 only. 216 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new 217 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap. 218 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable 219 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and 220 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want 221 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack). 222 22320100725: 224 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new 225 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file. 226 22720100722: 228 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by 229 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses 230 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase. 231 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly 232 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable 233 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor 234 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU 235 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work 236 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime, 237 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by 238 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob. 239 24020100713: 241 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel 242 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this: 243 machine powerpc powerpc 244 245 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels 246 after this change. 247 24820100713: 249 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD. 250 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands: 251 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace. 252 For full functionality of these commands the following port must 253 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs 254 25520100429: 256 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes. 257 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 258 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size 259 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold 260 and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 261 26220100402: 263 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there 264 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also 265 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the 266 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions 267 WITH_CTF=yes"). 268 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored, 269 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead 270 to unwanted behavior. 271 27220100311: 273 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 274 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 275 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 276 be modified accordingly. 277 27820100113: 279 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 280 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 281 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 282 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 283 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 284 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 285 286 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 287 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 288 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 289 use of utmpx. 290 291 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 292 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 293 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 294 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 295 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 296 29720100108: 298 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 299 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 300 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 301 30220091202: 303 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 304 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 305 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 306 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 307 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 308 309 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 310 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 311 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 312 313 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 314 31520091125: 316 8.0-RELEASE. 317 31820091113: 319 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 320 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 321 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 322 operation of applications on the console. 323 324 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 325 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 326 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 327 cons25. 328 329 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 330 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 331 performed by syscons(4). 332 33320091109: 334 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 335 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 336 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 337 338 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 339 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 340 new structure. 341 34220091025: 343 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 344 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 345 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 346 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 347 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 348 iwn5150fw. 349 35020090926: 351 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 352 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 353 354 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 355 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 356 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 357 358 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 359 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 360 361 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 362 they are obsolete. 363 364 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 365 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 366 367 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 368 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 369 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 370 371 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 372 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 373 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 374 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 375 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 376 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 377 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 378 using ifconfig(8) like: 379 380 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 381 382 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 383 IPv6-preferred. 384 385 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 386 387 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 388 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 389 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 390 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 391 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 392 39320090922: 394 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 395 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 396 39720090912: 398 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 399 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 400 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 401 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 402 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 403 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 404 40520090910: 406 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 407 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 408 40920090825: 410 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 411 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 412 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 413 is 1000. 414 41520090813: 416 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 417 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 418 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 419 42020090803: 421 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 422 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 423 42420090719: 425 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 426 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 427 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 428 42920090714: 430 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 431 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 432 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 433 43420090713: 435 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 436 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 437 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 438 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 439 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 440 44120090712: 442 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 443 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 444 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 445 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 446 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 447 44820090630: 449 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 450 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 451 may need to be adjusted. 452 45320090629: 454 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 455 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 456 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 457 with routing sockets. 458 45920090628: 460 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 461 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 462 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 463 46420090624: 465 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 466 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 467 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 468 800100. 469 47020090622: 471 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 472 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 473 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 474 47520090619: 476 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 477 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 478 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 479 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 480 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 481 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 482 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 483 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 484 485 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 486 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 487 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 488 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 489 authentication method is used. 490 49120090616: 492 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 493 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 494 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 495 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 496 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 497 49820090613: 499 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 500 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 501 50220090611: 503 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 504 be rebuilt. 505 50620090608: 507 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 508 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 509 51020090602: 511 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 512 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 513 51420090601: 515 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 516 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 517 re-compiled. 518 51920090601: 520 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 521 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 522 rebuilt. 523 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 524 52520090530: 526 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 527 more valid. 528 52920090530: 530 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 531 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 532 53320090529: 534 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 535 rebuilt. 536 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 537 53820090528: 539 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 540 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 541 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 542 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 543 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 544 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 545 54620090527: 547 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 548 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 549 55020090523: 551 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 552 need to be rebuilt. 553 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 554 55520090523: 556 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 557 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 558 55920090520: 560 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 561 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 562 56320090520: 564 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 565 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 566 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 567 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 568 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 569 57020090430: 571 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 572 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 573 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 574 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 575 correctly checking networking state from userland. 576 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 577 57820090429: 579 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 580 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 581 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 582 follows the IPv4 implementation. 583 584 For kernel developers: 585 586 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 587 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 588 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 589 590 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 591 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 592 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 593 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 594 595 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 596 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 597 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 598 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 599 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 600 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 601 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 602 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 603 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 604 multicast membership on-link. 605 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 606 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 607 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 608 609 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 610 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 611 stack. 612 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 613 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 614 semantics. 615 616 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 617 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 618 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 619 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 620 621 For application developers: 622 623 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 624 stack. 625 626 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 627 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 628 629 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 630 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 631 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 632 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 633 634 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 635 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 636 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 637 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 638 Multicast Source Filters'. 639 640 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 641 642 For systems administrators: 643 644 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 645 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 646 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 647 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 648 returned by getifaddrs(3). 649 650 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 651 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 652 653 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 654 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 655 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 656 recommended for optimal system performance. 657 658 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 659 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 660 back forwarded datagrams. 661 662 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 663 66420090422: 665 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 666 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 667 66820090419: 669 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 670 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 671 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 672 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 673 67420090415: 675 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 676 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 677 state will require a world rebuild. 678 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 679 68020090415: 681 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 682 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 683 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 684 68520090414: 686 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 687 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 688 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 689 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 690 load balancing. 691 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 692 69320090408: 694 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 695 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 696 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 697 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 698 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 699 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 700 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 701 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 702 70320090407: 704 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 705 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 706 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 707 70820090320: 709 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 710 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 711 introduces some changes: 712 713 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 714 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 715 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 716 717 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 718 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 719 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 720 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 721 722 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 723 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 724 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 725 the "386BSD" type). 726 727 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 728 72920090319: 730 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 731 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 732 (supported by sane). 733 73420090319: 735 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 736 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 737 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 738 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 739 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 740 74120090315: 742 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 743 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 744 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 745 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 746 used. 747 74820090313: 749 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 750 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 751 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 752 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 753 75420090313: 755 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 756 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 757 75820090309: 759 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 760 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 761 762 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 763 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 764 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 765 766 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 767 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 768 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 769 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 770 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 771 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 772 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 773 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 774 775 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 776 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 777 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 778 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 779 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 780 to preserve the existing behaviour. 781 782 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 783 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 784 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 785 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 786 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 787 788 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 789 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 790 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 791 via IGMP. 792 793 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 794 recompiled to reflect this. 795 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 796 79720090309: 798 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 799 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 800 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 801 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 802 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 803 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 804 80520090302: 806 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 807 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 808 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 809 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 810 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 811 raised to allow such segments to be created. 812 81320090301: 814 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 815 network device driver modules. 816 81720090227: 818 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 819 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 820 82120090223: 822 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 823 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 824 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 825 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 826 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 827 apply. 828 82920090217: 830 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 831 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 832 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 833 use the new name. 834 83520090216: 836 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 837 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 838 add 839 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 840 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 841 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 842 84320090215: 844 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 845 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 846 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 847 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 848 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 849 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 850 851 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 852 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 853 be used for this: 854 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 855 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 856 85720090209: 858 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 859 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 860 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 861 86220090203: 863 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 864 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 865 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 866 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 867 same interface. 868 86920090201: 870 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 871 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 872 87320090119: 874 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 875 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 876 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 877 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 878 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 879 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 880 88120090115: 882 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 883 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 884 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 885 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 886 88720081225: 888 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 889 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 890 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 891 in next mpd5.3 release. 892 89320081219: 894 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 895 the base system (it was a port). 896 89720081216: 898 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 899 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 900 90120081214: 902 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 903 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 904 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 905 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 906 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 907 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 908 none of the L2 information. 909 91020081130: 911 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 912 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 913 914 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 915 916 to their kernel config files when specifying: 917 918 device ath_hal 919 920 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 921 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 922 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 923 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 924 92520081121: 926 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 927 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 928 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 929 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 930 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 931 packets. 932 93320081117: 934 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 935 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 936 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 937 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 938 93920081028: 940 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 941 94220081009: 943 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 944 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 945 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 946 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 947 controller add the following to loader.conf: 948 949 uhci_load="YES" 950 ehci_load="YES" 951 95220081009: 953 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 954 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 955 sync. 956 95720081009: 958 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 959 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 960 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 961 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 962 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 963 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 964 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 965 96620080820: 967 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 968 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 969 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 970 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 971 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 972 973 PCI/ISA: 974 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 975 976 USB: 977 ubser, ucycom 978 979 Line disciplines: 980 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 981 982 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 983 cause compilation to fail. 984 98520080818: 986 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 987 98820080801: 989 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 990 991 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 992 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 993 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 994 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 995 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 996 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 997 accepting the RSA key. 998 999 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 1000 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 1001 command line. 1002 1003 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 1004 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 1005 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 1006 behavior. 1007 100820080713: 1009 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 1010 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 1011 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 1012 1013 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 1014 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 1015 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 1016 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 1017 use the new device names. 1018 1019 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 1020 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 1021 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 1022 at the loader prompt: 1023 1024 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 1025 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 1026 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 1027 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 1028 boot -s 1029 103020080609: 1031 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 1032 disks instead. 1033 103420080603: 1035 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 1036 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 1037 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 1038 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 1039 104020080525: 1041 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 1042 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 1043 104420080509: 1045 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 1046 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 1047 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 1048 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 1049 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 1050 105120080420: 1052 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 1053 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 1054 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 1055 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 1056 For example, change: 1057 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 1058 to 1059 wlans_ath0=wlan0 1060 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 1061 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 1062 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 1063 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 1064 1065 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 1066 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 1067 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 1068 106920080408: 1070 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 1071 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 1072 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 1073 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 1074 other operation levels. 1075 107620080312: 1077 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 1078 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 1079 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 1080 compatibility with any prior release: 1081 1082 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 1083 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 1084 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 1085 108620080301: 1087 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 1088 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 1089 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 1090 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 1091 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 1092 nonetheless. 1093 109420080229: 1095 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 1096 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 1097 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 1098 with older hardware easier to do. 1099 110020080220: 1101 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 1102 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 1103 110420080211: 1105 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 1106 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 1107 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 1108 firewall rules. 1109 111020080208: 1111 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 1112 mbuf chains. 1113 111420080126: 1115 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 1116 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 1117 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 1118 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 1119 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 1120 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 1121 third-party software might fail to build after this change 1122 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 1123 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 1124 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 1125 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 1126 case that a portable fix is impossible. 1127 112820080123: 1129 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 1130 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 1131 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 1132 113320071128: 1134 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 1135 functionality is the default now. 1136 113720071118: 1138 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 1139 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 1140 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 1141 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 1142 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 1143 1144 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 1145 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 1146 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 1147 114820071024: 1149 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 1150 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 1151 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 1152 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 1153 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 1154 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 1155 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 1156 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 1157 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 1158 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 1159 however. 1160 116120071020: 1162 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 1163 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 1164 used kproc_start().. 1165 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 1166 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 1167 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 1168 116920071010: 1170 RELENG_7 branched. 1171 1172COMMON ITEMS: 1173 1174 General Notes 1175 ------------- 1176 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 1177 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 1178 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 1179 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 1180 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 1181 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 1182 several months have passed on the -current branch). 1183 1184 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1185 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1186 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 1187 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 1188 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 1189 1190 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 1191 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 1192 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 1193 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 1194 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 1195 1196 ZFS notes 1197 --------- 1198 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 1199 these two steps: 1200 1201 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1202 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1203 1204 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 1205 1206 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 1207 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0: 1208 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0" 1209 1210 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1211 1212 To build a kernel 1213 ----------------- 1214 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1215 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1216 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1217 1218 make kernel-toolchain 1219 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1220 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1221 1222 To test a kernel once 1223 --------------------- 1224 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1225 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1226 debugging information) run 1227 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1228 nextboot -k testkernel 1229 1230 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1231 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1232 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1233 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1234 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1235 1236 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1237 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1238 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1239 make depend 1240 make 1241 make install 1242 1243 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1244 1245 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1246 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1247 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1248 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1249 1250 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1251 make buildworld 1252 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1253 [1] 1254 <reboot in single user> [3] 1255 mergemaster -p [5] 1256 make installworld 1257 mergemaster -i [4] 1258 make delete-old [6] 1259 <reboot> 1260 1261 1262 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1263 -------------------------------------------------- 1264 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1265 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1266 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1267 # size. 1268 1269 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1270 <boot into -stable> 1271 make buildworld 1272 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1273 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1274 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1275 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1276 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1277 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1278 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1279 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1280 <reboot into current> 1281 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1282 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1283 <reboot> 1284 1285 1286 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 1287 ---------------------------------------------- 1288 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1289 make buildworld [9] 1290 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1291 [1] 1292 <reboot in single user> [3] 1293 mergemaster -p [5] 1294 make installworld 1295 mergemaster -i [4] 1296 make delete-old [6] 1297 <reboot> 1298 1299 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1300 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1301 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1302 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1303 the UPDATING entries. 1304 1305 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1306 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1307 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1308 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1309 much fewer pitfalls. 1310 1311 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1312 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1313 system on reboot. 1314 1315 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1316 fsck -p 1317 mount -u / 1318 mount -a 1319 cd src 1320 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1321 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1322 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1323 1324 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1325 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1326 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1327 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1328 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1329 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1330 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1331 1332 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1333 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1334 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1335 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1336 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1337 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1338 1339 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 1340 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 1341 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 1342 1343 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1344 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1345 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1346 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1347 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1348 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1349 1350 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1351 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1352 1353 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1354 cvs prune empty directories. 1355 1356 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1357 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1358 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1359 1360 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1361 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1362 warn if it is improperly defined. 1363FORMAT: 1364 1365This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1366breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1367and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1368previous releases if your system is older than this. 1369 1370Copyright information: 1371 1372Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1373 1374Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1375modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1376document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1377 1378THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1379IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1380WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1381DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1382INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1383(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1384SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1385HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1386STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1387IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1388POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1389 1390Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1391this document. 1392 1393$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 220982 2011-04-24 08:58:58Z mav $ 1394