UPDATING revision 199250
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520091113: 26 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 27 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 28 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 29 operation of applications on the console. 30 31 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 32 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 33 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 34 cons25. 35 36 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 37 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 38 performed by syscons(4). 39 4020091109: 41 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 42 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 43 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 44 4520091025: 46 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 47 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 48 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 49 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 50 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 51 iwn5150fw. 52 5320090926: 54 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 55 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 56 57 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 58 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 59 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 60 61 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 62 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 63 64 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 65 they are obsolete. 66 67 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 68 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 69 70 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 71 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 72 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 73 74 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 75 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 76 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 77 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 78 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 79 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 80 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 81 using ifconfig(8) like: 82 83 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 84 85 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 86 IPv6-preferred. 87 88 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 89 90 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 91 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 92 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 93 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 94 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 95 9620090922: 97 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 98 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 99 10020090912: 101 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 102 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 103 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 104 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 105 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 106 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 107 10820090910: 109 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 110 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 111 11220090825: 113 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 114 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 115 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 116 is 1000. 117 11820090813: 119 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 120 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 121 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 122 12320090803: 124 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 125 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 126 12720090719: 128 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 129 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 130 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 131 13220090714: 133 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 134 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 135 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 136 13720090713: 138 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 139 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 140 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 141 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 142 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 143 14420090712: 145 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 146 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 147 maintainig the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 148 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 149 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 150 15120090630: 152 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 153 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 154 may need to be adjusted. 155 15620090629: 157 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 158 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 159 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 160 with routing sockets. 161 16220090628: 163 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 164 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 165 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 166 16720090624: 168 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 169 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 170 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 171 800100. 172 17320090622: 174 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 175 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 176 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 177 17820090619: 179 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 180 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 181 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 182 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 183 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 184 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 185 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 186 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 187 188 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 189 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 190 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 191 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 192 authentication method is used. 193 19420090616: 195 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 196 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 197 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 198 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 199 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 200 20120090613: 202 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 203 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 204 20520090611: 206 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 207 be rebuilt. 208 20920090608: 210 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 211 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 212 21320090602: 214 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 215 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 216 21720090601: 218 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 219 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 220 re-compiled. 221 22220090601: 223 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 224 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 225 rebuilt. 226 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 227 22820090530: 229 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 230 more valid. 231 23220090530: 233 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 234 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 235 23620090529: 237 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 238 rebuilt. 239 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 240 24120090528: 242 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 243 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 244 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 245 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 246 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 247 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 248 24920090527: 250 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 251 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 252 25320090523: 254 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 255 need to be rebuilt. 256 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 257 25820090523: 259 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 260 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 261 26220090520: 263 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 264 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 265 26620090520: 267 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 268 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 269 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 270 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 271 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 272 27320090430: 274 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 275 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 276 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 277 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 278 correctly checking networking state from userland. 279 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 280 28120090429: 282 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 283 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 284 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 285 follows the IPv4 implementation. 286 287 For kernel developers: 288 289 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 290 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 291 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 292 293 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 294 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 295 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 296 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 297 298 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 299 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 300 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 301 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 302 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 303 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 304 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 305 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 306 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 307 multicast membership on-link. 308 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 309 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 310 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 311 312 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 313 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 314 stack. 315 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 316 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 317 semantics. 318 319 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 320 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 321 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 322 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 323 324 For application developers: 325 326 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 327 stack. 328 329 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 330 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 331 332 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 333 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 334 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 335 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 336 337 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 338 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 339 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 340 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 341 Multicast Source Filters'. 342 343 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 344 345 For systems administrators: 346 347 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 348 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 349 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 350 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 351 returned by getifaddrs(3). 352 353 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 354 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 355 356 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 357 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 358 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 359 recommended for optimal system performance. 360 361 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 362 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 363 back forwarded datagrams. 364 365 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 366 36720090422: 368 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 369 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 370 37120090419: 372 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 373 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 374 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 375 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 376 37720090415: 378 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 379 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 380 state will require a world rebuild. 381 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 382 38320090415: 384 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 385 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 386 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 387 38820090414: 389 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 390 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 391 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 392 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 393 load balancing. 394 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 395 39620090408: 397 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 398 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 399 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 400 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 401 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 402 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 403 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 404 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 405 40620090407: 407 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 408 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 409 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 410 41120090320: 412 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 413 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 414 introduces some changes: 415 416 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 417 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 418 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 419 420 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 421 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 422 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 423 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 424 425 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 426 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 427 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 428 the "386BSD" type). 429 430 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 431 43220090319: 433 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 434 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 435 (supported by sane). 436 43720090319: 438 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 439 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 440 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 441 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 442 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 443 44420090315: 445 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 446 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 447 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 448 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 449 used. 450 45120090313: 452 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 453 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 454 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 455 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 456 45720090313: 458 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 459 support for K10 and K11 CPU families was added. 460 46120090309: 462 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 463 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 464 465 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 466 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 467 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 468 469 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 470 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 471 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 472 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 473 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 474 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 475 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 476 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 477 478 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 479 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 480 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 481 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 482 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 483 to preserve the existing behaviour. 484 485 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 486 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 487 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 488 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 489 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 490 491 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 492 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 493 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 494 via IGMP. 495 496 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 497 recompiled to reflect this. 498 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 499 50020090309: 501 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 502 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 503 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 504 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 505 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 506 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 507 50820090302: 509 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 510 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 511 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 512 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 513 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 514 raised to allow such segments to be created. 515 51620090301: 517 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 518 network device driver modules. 519 52020090227: 521 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 522 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 523 52420090223: 525 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 526 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 527 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 528 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 529 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 530 apply. 531 53220090217: 533 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 534 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 535 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 536 use the new name. 537 53820090216: 539 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 540 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 541 add 542 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 543 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 544 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 545 54620090215: 547 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 548 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 549 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 550 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 551 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 552 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 553 554 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 555 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 556 be used for this: 557 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 558 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 559 56020090209: 561 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 562 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 563 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 564 56520090203: 566 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 567 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 568 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 569 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 570 same interface. 571 57220090201: 573 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 574 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 575 57620090119: 577 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 578 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 579 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 580 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 581 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 582 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 583 58420090115: 585 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 586 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 587 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 588 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 589 59020081225: 591 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 592 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 593 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 594 in next mpd5.3 release. 595 59620081219: 597 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 598 the base system (it was a port). 599 60020081216: 601 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 602 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 603 60420081214: 605 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 606 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 607 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 608 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 609 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 610 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 611 none of the L2 information. 612 61320081130: 614 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 615 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 616 617 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 618 619 to their kernel config files when specifying: 620 621 device ath_hal 622 623 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 624 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 625 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 626 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 627 62820081121: 629 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 630 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 631 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 632 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 633 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 634 packets. 635 63620081117: 637 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 638 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 639 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 640 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 641 64220081028: 643 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 644 64520081009: 646 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 647 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 648 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 649 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 650 controller add the following to loader.conf: 651 652 uhci_load="YES" 653 ehci_load="YES" 654 65520081009: 656 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 657 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 658 sync. 659 66020081009: 661 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 662 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 663 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 664 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 665 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 666 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 667 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 668 66920080820: 670 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 671 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 672 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 673 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 674 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 675 676 PCI/ISA: 677 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 678 679 USB: 680 ubser, ucycom 681 682 Line disciplines: 683 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 684 685 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 686 cause compilation to fail. 687 68820080818: 689 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 690 69120080801: 692 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 693 694 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 695 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 696 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 697 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 698 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 699 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 700 accepting the RSA key. 701 702 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 703 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 704 command line. 705 706 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 707 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 708 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 709 behavior. 710 71120080713: 712 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 713 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 714 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 715 716 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 717 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 718 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 719 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 720 use the new device names. 721 722 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 723 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 724 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 725 at the loader prompt: 726 727 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 728 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 729 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 730 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 731 boot -s 732 73320080609: 734 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 735 disks instead. 736 73720080603: 738 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 739 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 740 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 741 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 742 74320080525: 744 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 745 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 746 74720080509: 748 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 749 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 750 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 751 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 752 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 753 75420080420: 755 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 756 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 757 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 758 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 759 For example, change: 760 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 761 to 762 wlans_ath0=wlan0 763 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 764 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 765 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 766 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 767 768 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 769 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 770 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 771 77220080408: 773 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 774 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 775 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 776 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 777 other operation levels. 778 77920080312: 780 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 781 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 782 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 783 compatibility with any prior release: 784 785 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 786 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 787 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 788 78920080301: 790 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 791 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 792 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 793 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 794 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 795 nonetheless. 796 79720080229: 798 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 799 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 800 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 801 with older hardware easier to do. 802 80320080220: 804 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 805 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 806 80720080211: 808 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 809 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 810 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 811 firewall rules. 812 81320080208: 814 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 815 mbuf chains. 816 81720080126: 818 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 819 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 820 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 821 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 822 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 823 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 824 third-party software might fail to build after this change 825 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 826 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 827 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 828 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 829 case that a portable fix is impossible. 830 83120080123: 832 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 833 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 834 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 835 83620071128: 837 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 838 functionality is the default now. 839 84020071118: 841 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 842 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 843 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 844 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 845 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 846 847 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 848 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 849 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 850 85120071024: 852 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 853 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 854 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 855 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 856 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 857 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 858 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 859 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 860 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 861 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 862 however. 863 86420071020: 865 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 866 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 867 used kproc_start().. 868 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 869 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 870 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 871 87220071010: 873 RELENG_7 branched. 874 875COMMON ITEMS: 876 877 General Notes 878 ------------- 879 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 880 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 881 -j, please try again wtihout -j. From time to time in the past there 882 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 883 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 884 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 885 several months have passed on the -current branch). 886 887 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 888 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 889 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 890 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 891 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 892 893 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 894 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 895 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 896 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 897 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 898 899 To build a kernel 900 ----------------- 901 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 902 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 903 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 904 905 make kernel-toolchain 906 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 907 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 908 909 To test a kernel once 910 --------------------- 911 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 912 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 913 debugging information) run 914 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 915 nextboot -k testkernel 916 917 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 918 -------------------------------------------------------------- 919 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 920 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 921 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 922 923 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 924 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 925 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 926 make depend 927 make 928 make install 929 930 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 931 932 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 933 ----------------------------------------------------------- 934 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 935 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 936 937 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 938 make buildworld 939 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 940 [1] 941 <reboot in single user> [3] 942 mergemaster -p [5] 943 make installworld 944 make delete-old 945 mergemaster [4] 946 <reboot> 947 948 949 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 950 -------------------------------------------------- 951 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 952 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 953 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 954 # size. 955 956 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 957 <boot into -stable> 958 make buildworld 959 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 960 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 961 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 962 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 963 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 964 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 965 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 966 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 967 <reboot into current> 968 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 969 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 970 <reboot> 971 972 973 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 974 ---------------------------------------------- 975 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 976 make buildworld [9] 977 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 978 [1] 979 <reboot in single user> [3] 980 mergemaster -p [5] 981 make installworld 982 make delete-old 983 mergemaster -i [4] 984 <reboot> 985 986 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 987 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 988 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 989 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 990 the UPDATING entries. 991 992 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 993 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 994 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 995 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 996 much fewer pitfalls. 997 998 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 999 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1000 system on reboot. 1001 1002 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1003 fsck -p 1004 mount -u / 1005 mount -a 1006 cd src 1007 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1008 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1009 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1010 1011 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1012 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1013 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1014 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1015 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1016 for potential gotchas. 1017 1018 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1019 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1020 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1021 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1022 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1023 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1024 1025 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1026 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1027 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1028 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1029 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1030 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1031 1032 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1033 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1034 1035 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1036 cvs prune empty directories. 1037 1038 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1039 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1040 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1041 1042 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1043 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1044 warn if it is improperly defined. 1045FORMAT: 1046 1047This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1048breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1049and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1050previous releases if your system is older than this. 1051 1052Copyright information: 1053 1054Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1055 1056Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1057modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1058document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1059 1060THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1061IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1062WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1063DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1064INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1065(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1066SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1067HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1068STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1069IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1070POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1071 1072Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1073this document. 1074 1075$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 199250 2009-11-13 11:28:54Z ed $ 1076