UPDATING revision 198480
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520091025: 26 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 27 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 28 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 29 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 30 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 31 iwn5150fw. 32 3320090926: 34 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 35 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 36 37 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 38 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 39 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 40 41 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 42 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 43 44 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 45 they are obsolete. 46 47 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 48 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 49 50 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 51 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 52 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 53 54 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 55 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 56 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 57 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 58 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 59 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 60 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 61 using ifconfig(8) like: 62 63 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 64 65 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 66 IPv6-preferred. 67 68 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 69 70 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 71 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 72 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 73 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 74 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 75 7620090922: 77 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 78 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 79 8020090912: 81 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 82 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 83 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 84 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 85 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 86 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 87 8820090910: 89 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 90 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 91 9220090825: 93 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 94 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 95 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 96 is 1000. 97 9820090813: 99 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 100 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 101 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 102 10320090803: 104 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 105 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 106 10720090719: 108 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 109 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 110 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 111 11220090714: 113 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 114 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 115 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 116 11720090713: 118 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 119 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 120 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 121 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 122 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 123 12420090712: 125 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 126 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 127 maintainig the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 128 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 129 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 130 13120090630: 132 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 133 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 134 may need to be adjusted. 135 13620090629: 137 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 138 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 139 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 140 with routing sockets. 141 14220090628: 143 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 144 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 145 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 146 14720090624: 148 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 149 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 150 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 151 800100. 152 15320090622: 154 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 155 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 156 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 157 15820090619: 159 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 160 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 161 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 162 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 163 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 164 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 165 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 166 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 167 168 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 169 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 170 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 171 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 172 authentication method is used. 173 17420090616: 175 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 176 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 177 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 178 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 179 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 180 18120090613: 182 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 183 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 184 18520090611: 186 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 187 be rebuilt. 188 18920090608: 190 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 191 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 192 19320090602: 194 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 195 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 196 19720090601: 198 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 199 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 200 re-compiled. 201 20220090601: 203 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 204 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 205 rebuilt. 206 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 207 20820090530: 209 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 210 more valid. 211 21220090530: 213 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 214 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 215 21620090529: 217 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 218 rebuilt. 219 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 220 22120090528: 222 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 223 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 224 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 225 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 226 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 227 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 228 22920090527: 230 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 231 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 232 23320090523: 234 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 235 need to be rebuilt. 236 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 237 23820090523: 239 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 240 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 241 24220090520: 243 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 244 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 245 24620090520: 247 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 248 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 249 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 250 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 251 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 252 25320090430: 254 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 255 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 256 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 257 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 258 correctly checking networking state from userland. 259 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 260 26120090429: 262 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 263 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 264 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 265 follows the IPv4 implementation. 266 267 For kernel developers: 268 269 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 270 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 271 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 272 273 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 274 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 275 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 276 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 277 278 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 279 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 280 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 281 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 282 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 283 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 284 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 285 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 286 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 287 multicast membership on-link. 288 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 289 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 290 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 291 292 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 293 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 294 stack. 295 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 296 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 297 semantics. 298 299 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 300 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 301 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 302 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 303 304 For application developers: 305 306 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 307 stack. 308 309 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 310 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 311 312 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 313 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 314 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 315 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 316 317 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 318 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 319 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 320 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 321 Multicast Source Filters'. 322 323 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 324 325 For systems administrators: 326 327 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 328 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 329 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 330 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 331 returned by getifaddrs(3). 332 333 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 334 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 335 336 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 337 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 338 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 339 recommended for optimal system performance. 340 341 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 342 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 343 back forwarded datagrams. 344 345 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 346 34720090422: 348 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 349 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 350 35120090419: 352 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 353 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 354 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 355 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 356 35720090415: 358 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 359 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 360 state will require a world rebuild. 361 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 362 36320090415: 364 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 365 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 366 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 367 36820090414: 369 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 370 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 371 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 372 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 373 load balancing. 374 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 375 37620090408: 377 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 378 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 379 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 380 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 381 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 382 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 383 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 384 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 385 38620090407: 387 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 388 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 389 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 390 39120090320: 392 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 393 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 394 introduces some changes: 395 396 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 397 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 398 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 399 400 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 401 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 402 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 403 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 404 405 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 406 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 407 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 408 the "386BSD" type). 409 410 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 411 41220090319: 413 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 414 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 415 (supported by sane). 416 41720090319: 418 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 419 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 420 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 421 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 422 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 423 42420090315: 425 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 426 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 427 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 428 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 429 used. 430 43120090313: 432 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 433 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 434 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 435 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 436 43720090313: 438 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 439 support for K10 and K11 CPU families was added. 440 44120090309: 442 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 443 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 444 445 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 446 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 447 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 448 449 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 450 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 451 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 452 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 453 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 454 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 455 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 456 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 457 458 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 459 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 460 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 461 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 462 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 463 to preserve the existing behaviour. 464 465 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 466 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 467 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 468 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 469 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 470 471 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 472 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 473 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 474 via IGMP. 475 476 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 477 recompiled to reflect this. 478 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 479 48020090309: 481 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 482 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 483 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 484 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 485 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 486 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 487 48820090302: 489 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 490 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 491 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 492 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 493 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 494 raised to allow such segments to be created. 495 49620090301: 497 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 498 network device driver modules. 499 50020090227: 501 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 502 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 503 50420090223: 505 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 506 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 507 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 508 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 509 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 510 apply. 511 51220090217: 513 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 514 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 515 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 516 use the new name. 517 51820090216: 519 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 520 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 521 add 522 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 523 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 524 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 525 52620090215: 527 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 528 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 529 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 530 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 531 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 532 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 533 534 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 535 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 536 be used for this: 537 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 538 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 539 54020090203: 541 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 542 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 543 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 544 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 545 same interface. 546 54720090201: 548 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 549 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 550 55120090119: 552 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 553 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 554 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 555 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 556 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 557 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 558 55920090115: 560 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 561 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 562 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 563 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 564 56520081225: 566 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 567 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 568 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 569 in next mpd5.3 release. 570 57120081219: 572 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 573 the base system (it was a port). 574 57520081216: 576 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 577 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 578 57920081214: 580 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 581 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 582 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 583 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 584 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 585 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 586 none of the L2 information. 587 58820081130: 589 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 590 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 591 592 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 593 594 to their kernel config files when specifying: 595 596 device ath_hal 597 598 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 599 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 600 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 601 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 602 60320081121: 604 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 605 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 606 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 607 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 608 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 609 packets. 610 61120081117: 612 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 613 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 614 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 615 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 616 61720081028: 618 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 619 62020081009: 621 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 622 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 623 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 624 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 625 controller add the following to loader.conf: 626 627 uhci_load="YES" 628 ehci_load="YES" 629 63020081009: 631 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 632 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 633 sync. 634 63520081009: 636 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 637 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 638 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 639 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 640 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 641 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 642 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 643 64420080820: 645 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 646 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 647 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 648 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 649 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 650 651 PCI/ISA: 652 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 653 654 USB: 655 ubser, ucycom 656 657 Line disciplines: 658 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 659 660 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 661 cause compilation to fail. 662 66320080818: 664 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 665 66620080801: 667 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 668 669 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 670 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 671 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 672 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 673 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 674 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 675 accepting the RSA key. 676 677 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 678 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 679 command line. 680 681 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 682 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 683 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 684 behavior. 685 68620080713: 687 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 688 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 689 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 690 691 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 692 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 693 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 694 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 695 use the new device names. 696 697 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 698 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 699 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 700 at the loader prompt: 701 702 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 703 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 704 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 705 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 706 boot -s 707 70820080609: 709 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 710 disks instead. 711 71220080603: 713 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 714 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 715 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 716 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 717 71820080525: 719 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 720 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 721 72220080509: 723 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 724 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 725 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 726 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 727 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 728 72920080420: 730 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 731 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 732 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 733 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 734 For example, change: 735 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 736 to 737 wlans_ath0=wlan0 738 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 739 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 740 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 741 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 742 743 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 744 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 745 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 746 74720080408: 748 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 749 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 750 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 751 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 752 other operation levels. 753 75420080312: 755 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 756 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 757 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 758 compatibility with any prior release: 759 760 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 761 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 762 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 763 76420080301: 765 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 766 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 767 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 768 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 769 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 770 nonetheless. 771 77220080229: 773 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 774 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 775 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 776 with older hardware easier to do. 777 77820080220: 779 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 780 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 781 78220080211: 783 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 784 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 785 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 786 firewall rules. 787 78820080208: 789 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 790 mbuf chains. 791 79220080126: 793 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 794 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 795 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 796 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 797 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 798 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 799 third-party software might fail to build after this change 800 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 801 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 802 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 803 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 804 case that a portable fix is impossible. 805 80620080123: 807 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 808 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 809 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 810 81120071128: 812 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 813 functionality is the default now. 814 81520071118: 816 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 817 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 818 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 819 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 820 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 821 822 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 823 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 824 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 825 82620071024: 827 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 828 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 829 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 830 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 831 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 832 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 833 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 834 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 835 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 836 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 837 however. 838 83920071020: 840 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 841 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 842 used kproc_start().. 843 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 844 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 845 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 846 84720071010: 848 RELENG_7 branched. 849 850COMMON ITEMS: 851 852 General Notes 853 ------------- 854 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 855 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 856 -j, please try again wtihout -j. From time to time in the past there 857 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 858 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 859 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 860 several months have passed on the -current branch). 861 862 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 863 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 864 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 865 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 866 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 867 868 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 869 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 870 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 871 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 872 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 873 874 To build a kernel 875 ----------------- 876 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 877 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 878 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 879 880 make kernel-toolchain 881 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 882 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 883 884 To test a kernel once 885 --------------------- 886 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 887 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 888 debugging information) run 889 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 890 nextboot -k testkernel 891 892 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 893 -------------------------------------------------------------- 894 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 895 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 896 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 897 898 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 899 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 900 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 901 make depend 902 make 903 make install 904 905 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 906 907 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 908 ----------------------------------------------------------- 909 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 910 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 911 912 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 913 make buildworld 914 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 915 [1] 916 <reboot in single user> [3] 917 mergemaster -p [5] 918 make installworld 919 make delete-old 920 mergemaster [4] 921 <reboot> 922 923 924 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 925 -------------------------------------------------- 926 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 927 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 928 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 929 # size. 930 931 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 932 <boot into -stable> 933 make buildworld 934 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 935 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 936 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 937 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 938 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 939 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 940 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 941 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 942 <reboot into current> 943 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 944 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 945 <reboot> 946 947 948 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 949 ---------------------------------------------- 950 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 951 make buildworld [9] 952 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 953 [1] 954 <reboot in single user> [3] 955 mergemaster -p [5] 956 make installworld 957 make delete-old 958 mergemaster -i [4] 959 <reboot> 960 961 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 962 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 963 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 964 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 965 the UPDATING entries. 966 967 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 968 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 969 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 970 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 971 much fewer pitfalls. 972 973 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 974 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 975 system on reboot. 976 977 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 978 fsck -p 979 mount -u / 980 mount -a 981 cd src 982 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 983 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 984 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 985 986 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 987 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 988 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 989 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 990 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 991 for potential gotchas. 992 993 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 994 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 995 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 996 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 997 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 998 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 999 1000 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1001 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1002 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1003 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1004 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1005 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1006 1007 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1008 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1009 1010 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1011 cvs prune empty directories. 1012 1013 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1014 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1015 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1016 1017 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1018 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1019 warn if it is improperly defined. 1020FORMAT: 1021 1022This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1023breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1024and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1025previous releases if your system is older than this. 1026 1027Copyright information: 1028 1029Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1030 1031Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1032modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1033document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1034 1035THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1036IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1037WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1038DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1039INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1040(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1041SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1042HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1043STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1044IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1045POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1046 1047Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1048this document. 1049 1050$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 198480 2009-10-26 09:16:08Z mav $ 1051