UPDATING revision 162721
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. 23 2420060924: 25 tcpslice has been removed from the base system. 26 2720060903: 28 libpcap updated to v0.9.4 and tcpdump to v3.9.4 29 3020060816: 31 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED option is gone and the behaviour 32 for IPFIREWALL_FORWARD is now as it was before when it was first 33 committed and for years after. The behaviour is now ON. 34 3520060725: 36 enigma(1)/crypt(1) utility has been changed on 64 bit architectures. 37 Now it can decrypt files created from different architectures. 38 Unfortunately, it is no longer able to decrypt a cipher text 39 generated with an older version on 64 bit architectures. 40 If you have such a file, you need old utility to decrypt it. 41 4220060709: 43 The interface version of the i4b kernel part has changed. So 44 after updating the kernel sources and compiling a new kernel, 45 the i4b user space tools in "/usr/src/usr.sbin/i4b" must also 46 be rebuilt, and vice versa. 47 4820060627: 49 The XBOX kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver instead of 50 the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 51 accordingly. 52 5320060514: 54 The i386-only lnc(4) driver for the AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx 55 PCnet family of NICs has been removed. The new le(4) driver serves 56 as an equivalent but cross-platform replacement with the pcn(4) 57 driver still providing performance-optimized support for the subset 58 of AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST and greater chips as before. 59 6020060511: 61 The machdep.* sysctls and the adjkerntz utility have been 62 modified a bit. The new adjkerntz utility uses the new 63 sysctl names and sysctlbyname() calls, so it may be impossible 64 to run an old /sbin/adjkerntz utility in single-user mode 65 with a new kernel. Replace the `adjkerntz -i' step before 66 `make installworld' with: 67 68 /usr/obj/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz -i 69 70 and proceed as usual with the rest of the installworld-stage 71 steps. Otherwise, you risk installing binaries with their 72 timestamp set several hours in the future, especially if 73 you are running with local time set to GMT+X hours. 74 7520060412: 76 The ip6fw utility has been removed. The behavior provided by 77 ip6fw has been in ipfw2 for a good while and the rc.d scripts 78 have been updated to deal with it. There are some rules that 79 might not migrate cleanly. Use rc.firewall6 as a template to 80 rewrite rules. 81 8220060428: 83 The puc(4) driver has been overhauled. The ebus(4) and sbus(4) 84 attachments have been removed. Make sure to configure scc(4) 85 on sparc64. Note also that by default puc(4) will use uart(4) 86 and not sio(4) for serial ports because interrupt handling has 87 been optimized for multi-port serial cards and only uart(4) 88 implements the interface to support it. 89 9020060330: 91 The scc(4) driver replaces puc(4) for Serial Communications 92 Controllers (SCCs) like the Siemens SAB82532 and the Zilog 93 Z8530. On sparc64, it is advised to add scc(4) to the kernel 94 configuration to make sure that the serial ports remain 95 functional. 96 9720060317: 98 Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names. 99 New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled 100 after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf 101 (the src.conf(5) manpage is provided). Full backwards 102 compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's 103 highly recommended to start moving old options out of the 104 system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf 105 while also properly renaming them. More conversions will 106 likely follow. Posting to current@: 107 108 http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html 109 11020060305: 111 The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its 112 functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now. 113 11420060303: 115 The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the 116 tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko 117 kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support 118 for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through 119 its dependencies. 120 12120060204: 122 The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality 123 in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating, 124 including the requirement to run mergemaster -p. 125 12620060201: 127 The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386. 128 Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync. 129 13020060118: 131 This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel 132 now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules. 133 This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You 134 will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old 135 on your next install. 136 If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add 137 -DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes" 138 to your /etc/make.conf. 139 14020060113: 141 libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the 142 potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed. 143 See the malloc(3) manual page for more details. 144 14520060112: 146 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 147 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 148 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 149 15020060106: 151 si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 152 Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f]. 153 15420060106: 155 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 156 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 157 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 158 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 159 16020051231: 161 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 162 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 163 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 164 16520051211: 166 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 167 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 168 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 169 accordingly. 170 17120051202: 172 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 173 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 174 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 175 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 176 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 177 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 178 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 179 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 180 18120051129: 182 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 183 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 184 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 185 18620051129: 187 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 188 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 189 19020051108: 191 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 192 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 193 19420051029: 195 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 196 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 197 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 198 19920051014: 200 Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel 201 configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options 202 due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be 203 corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of 204 the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options 205 in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and 206 modules afterwards. 207 20820051001: 209 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 210 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 211 21220050927: 213 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 214 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 215 21620050722: 217 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 218 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 219 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 220 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 221 architecture. 222 22320050711: 224 RELENG_6 branched here. 225 22620050629: 227 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 228 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 229 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 230 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 231 removable_interfaces. 232 23320050616: 234 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 235 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 236 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 237 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 238 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 239 affect existing configurations. 240 24120050610: 242 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 243 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 244 updated to the new APIs. 245 24620050609: 247 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 248 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 249 will not behave correctly. 250 251 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 252 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 253 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 254 25520050606: 256 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 257 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 258 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 259 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 260 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 261 262 The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be 263 sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time 264 anyway). 265 26620050605: 267 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 268 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 269 27020050603: 271 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 272 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 273 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 274 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 275 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 276 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 277 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 278 27920050528: 280 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 281 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 282 fail after this date. For full details, please see 283 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 284 28520050503: 286 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 287 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 288 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 289 29020050415: 291 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 292 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 293 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 294 should be updated. 295 29620050227: 297 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 298 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 299 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 300 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 301 30220050225: 303 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 304 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 305 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 306 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 307 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 308 none at this point.) 309 31020050224: 311 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 312 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 313 31420050223: 315 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 316 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 317 with the new kernel. 318 31920050223: 320 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 321 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 322 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 323 32420050220: 325 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 326 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 327 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 328 if you have updated the kernel. 329 330 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 331 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 332 mounting the new volume. 333 33420050206: 335 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 336 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 337 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 338 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 339 34020050206: 341 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 342 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 343 34420050114: 345 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 346 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 347 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 348 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 349 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 350 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 351 35220041221: 353 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 354 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 355 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 356 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 357 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 358 35920041219: 360 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 361 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 362 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 363 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 364 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 365 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 366 and wlan_xauth as required. 367 36820041213: 369 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 370 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 371 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 372 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 373 reflect the change. 374 37520041201: 376 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 377 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 378 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 379 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 380 the module when a wep key is configured). 381 38220041201: 383 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 384 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 385 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 386 38720041116: 388 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 389 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 390 39120041110: 392 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 393 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 394 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 395 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 396 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 397 their /etc/rc scripts. 398 39920041104: 400 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 401 40220041102: 403 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 404 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 405 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 406 40720041022: 408 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 409 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 410 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 411 41220041016: 413 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 414 in the RELENG_5 branch. 415 416COMMON ITEMS: 417 418 General Notes 419 ------------- 420 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 421 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 422 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 423 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 424 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 425 on the -current branch). 426 427 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 428 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 429 environment when searching for values for global variables. 430 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 431 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 432 page for more details. 433 434 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 435 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 436 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 437 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 438 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 439 version upgrade. 440 441 To build a kernel 442 ----------------- 443 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 444 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 445 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 446 447 make kernel-toolchain 448 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 449 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 450 451 To test a kernel once 452 --------------------- 453 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 454 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 455 debugging information) run 456 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 457 nextboot -k testkernel 458 459 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 460 -------------------------------------------------------------- 461 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 462 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 463 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 464 465 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 466 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 467 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 468 make depend 469 make 470 make install 471 472 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 473 474 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 475 ----------------------------------------------------------- 476 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 477 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 478 479 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 480 make buildworld 481 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 482 [1] 483 <reboot in single user> [3] 484 mergemaster -p [5] 485 make installworld 486 make delete-old 487 mergemaster [4] 488 <reboot> 489 490 491 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 492 -------------------------------------------------- 493 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 494 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 495 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 496 # size. 497 498 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 499 <boot into -stable> 500 make buildworld 501 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 502 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 503 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 504 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 505 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 506 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 507 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 508 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 509 <reboot into current> 510 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 511 <maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat> 512 <reboot> 513 514 515 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 516 ---------------------------------------------- 517 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 518 make buildworld [9] 519 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 520 [1] 521 <reboot in single user> [3] 522 mergemaster -p [5] 523 make installworld 524 make delete-old 525 mergemaster -i [4] 526 <reboot> 527 528 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 529 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 530 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 531 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 532 the UPDATING entries. 533 534 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 535 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 536 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 537 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 538 much fewer pitfalls. 539 540 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 541 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 542 system on reboot. 543 544 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 545 fsck -p 546 mount -u / 547 mount -a 548 cd src 549 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 550 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 551 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 552 553 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 554 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 555 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 556 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 557 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 558 for potential gotchas. 559 560 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 561 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 562 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 563 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 564 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 565 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 566 567 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 568 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 569 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 570 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 571 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 572 573 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 574 last time you updated your kernel config file. 575 576 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 577 cvs prune empty directories. 578 579 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 580 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 581 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 582 583 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 584 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 585 warn if it is improperly defined. 586FORMAT: 587 588This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 589breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 590and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 591previous releases if your system is older than this. 592 593Copyright information: 594 595Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 596 597Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 598modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 599document are permitted without further permission from the author. 600 601THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 602IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 603WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 604DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 605INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 606(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 607SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 608HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 609STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 610IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 611POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 612 613If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 614author a beer. 615 616Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 617this document. 618 619$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 162721 2006-09-28 13:00:50Z bms $ 620