UPDATING revision 284985
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG to bootstrap to the tip of
16stable/10, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process from
17older version of current is a bit fragile.
18
1920150630:	p14	FreeBSD-EN-15:08.sendmail [revised]
20			FreeBSD-EN-15:09.xlocale
21			FreeBSD-EN-15:10.iconv
22
23	Improvements to sendmail TLS/DH interoperability. [EN-15:08]
24
25	Fix inconsistency between locale and rune locale states.
26	[EN-15:09]
27
28	Improved iconv(3) UTF-7 support. [EN-15:10]
29
3020150618:	p13	FreeBSD-EN-15:08.sendmail
31	Improvements to sendmail TLS/DH interoperability. [EN-15:08]
32
3320150612:	p12	FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
34	Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL.  [SA-15:10]
35
3620150609:	p11	FreeBSD-EN-15:06.file
37			FreeBSD-EN-15:07.zfs
38
39	Updated base system file(1) to 5.22 to address multiple denial
40	of service issues. [EN-15:06]
41
42	Improved reliability of ZFS when TRIM/UNMAP and/or L2ARC is used.
43	[EN-15:07]
44
4520150513:	p10	FreeBSD-EN-15:04.freebsd-update
46			FreeBSD-EN-15:05.ufs
47
48	Fix bug with freebsd-update(8) that does not ensure the previous
49	upgrade was completed. [EN-15:04]
50
51	Fix deadlock on reboot with UFS tuned with SU+J. [EN-15:05]
52
5320150407:	p9	FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp [revised]
54			FreeBSD-SA-15:07.ntp
55			FreeBSD-SA-15:08.bsdinstall
56			FreeBSD-SA-15:09.ipv6
57
58	Improved patch for SA-15:04.igmp.
59
60	Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp. [SA-15:07]
61
62	Fix bsdinstall(8) insecure default GELI keyfile permissions. [SA-15:08]
63
64	Fix Denial of Service with IPv6 Router Advertisements. [SA-15:09]
65
6620150320:	p8
67	Fix patch for SA-15:06.openssl.
68
6920150319:	p7	FreeBSD-SA-15:06.openssl
70	Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL.  [SA-15:06]
71
7220150225:	p6	FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp
73			FreeBSD-EN-15:01.vt
74			FreeBSD-EN-15:02.openssl
75			FreeBSD-EN-15:03.freebsd-update
76
77	Fix integer overflow in IGMP protocol. [SA-15:04]
78
79	Fix vt(4) crash with improper ioctl parameters. [EN-15:01]
80
81	Updated base system OpenSSL to 1.0.1l. [EN-15:02]
82
83	Fix freebsd-update libraries update ordering issue. [EN-15:03]
84
8520150127:	p5	FreeBSD-SA-15:02.kmem
86			FreeBSD-SA-15:03.sctp
87
88	Fix SCTP SCTP_SS_VALUE kernel memory corruption and disclosure
89	vulnerability.  [SA-15:02]
90
91	Fix SCTP stream reset vulnerability.  [SA-15:03]
92
9320150114:	p4	FreeBSD-SA-15:01.openssl
94	Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL.  [SA-15:01]
95
9620141223:	p3	FreeBSD-SA-14:31.ntp
97			FreeBSD-EN-14:13.freebsd-update
98
99	Fix multiple vulnerabilities in NTP suite.  [SA-14:31]
100	Fix directory deletion issue in freebsd-update.	 [EN-14:13]
101
10220141217:	p2	FreeBSD-SA-14:30.unbound
103	Fix unbound remote denial of service vulnerability.
104
10520141210:	p1	FreeBSD-SA-14:27.stdio
106			FreeBSD-SA-14:28.file
107
108	Fix buffer overflow in stdio. [SA-14:27]
109
110	Fix multiple vulnerabilities in file(1) and libmagic(3).
111	[SA-14:28]
112
11320140904:
114	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
115	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all of physical memory. This
116	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
117	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
118	1.12.4_8 or newer.
119
12020140831:
121	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
122	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
123	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
124	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
125	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
126	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
127	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
128	"make installworld".
129
130	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
131	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
132	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
133	is run.
134
135	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
136	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
137	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
138	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
139	be removed during a clean upgrade.
140
14120140814:
142	The ixgbe tunables now match their sysctl counterparts, for example:
143	hw.ixgbe.enable_aim => hw.ix.enable_aim
144	Anyone using ixgbe tunables should ensure they update /boot/loader.conf.
145
14620140801:
147	The NFSv4.1 server committed by r269398 changes the internal
148	function call interfaces used between the NFS and krpc modules.
149	As such, __FreeBSD_version was bumped.
150
15120140729:
152	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
153	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
154	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
155	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
156	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
157	new configuration.
158
15920140717:
160	It is no longer necessary to include the dwarf version in your DEBUG
161	options in your kernel config file. The bug that required it to be
162	placed in the config file has bene fixed. DEBUG should now just
163	contain -g. The build system will automatically update things
164	to do the right thing.
165
16620140715:
167	Several ABI breaking changes were merged to CTL and new iSCSI code.
168	All CTL and iSCSI-related tools, such as ctladm, ctld, iscsid and
169	iscsictl need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
170
17120140708:
172	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
173	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
174	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
175
17620140608:
177	On i386 and amd64 systems, the onifconsole flag is now set by default
178	in /etc/ttys for ttyu0. This causes ttyu0 to be automatically enabled
179	as a login TTY if it is set in the bootloader as an active kernel
180	console. No changes in behavior should result otherwise. To revert to
181	the previous behavior, set ttyu0 to "off" in /etc/ttys.
182
18320140512:
184	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
185
18620140321:
187	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
188
18920140306:
190	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
191	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
192	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
193	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
194	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
195	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
196
19720140303:
198	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
199	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
200	kernel is still highly recommended.
201
20220140227:
203	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
204	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
205	capability mode support in kernel.
206
20720140216:
208	The nve(4) driver for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters has
209	been deprecated and will not be part of FreeBSD 11.0 and later
210	releases.  If you use this driver, please consider switching to
211	the nfe(4) driver instead.
212
21320140120:
214	10.0-RELEASE.
215
21620131216:
217	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
218	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
219	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
220	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
221	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
222	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
223	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
224	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
225	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000701.
226
22720131108:
228	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
229	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
230	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
231	should change your settings to use the latter.
232
23320131031:
234	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
235	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
236	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
237	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
238	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
239
24020131014:
241	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
242	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
243	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
244	delete-old-libs":
245	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
246	  or
247	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
248
24920131010:
250	The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
251	configuration file.  The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
252	for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
253	/var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
254	This is transparently backward compatible.  See below about some
255	incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
256
257	These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
258	file.  One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
259	a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
260	running the jail(8) utility.   The default pathname of the
261	configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
262	using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
263
264	Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
265	this moment.  Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
266	with an integer.
267
26820130930:
269	BIND has been removed from the base system.  If all you need
270	is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
271	service instead.  Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
272	available in the ports tree.   The dns/bind99 port is one example.
273
274	With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
275	system.  Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
276	in the base system.  Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
277	be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
278
27920130916:
280	With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
281	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
282	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
283
28420130911:
285	OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
286	silently trust signed SSHFP records.  This can be controlled with
287	the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting.  DNSSEC support
288	can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
289
29020130906:
291	The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
292	are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
293	compiler.  You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
294	options in src.conf.  
295
29620130905:
297	The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
298	configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
299	If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
300	'options PROCDESC'.
301
30220130905:
303	The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
304	in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
305	have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
306	following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
307	advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
308	kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
309
31020130903:
311	AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc.  The AES-NI module
312	has been updated to use this support.  A new gcc is required to build
313	the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
314
31520130821:
316	The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
317	Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
318	used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
319
32020130813:
321	WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets.  WITH_ICONV now
322	enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
323	WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
324	compatability.  Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
325	If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
326	need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
327
32820130806:
329	INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
330	Illumos origin, including ZFS.  If you have INVARIANTS in your
331	kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
332	explicitly.
333	DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
334	locks if WITNESS option was set.  Because that generated a lot of
335	witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
336	positives, this is no longer done.  New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
337	can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
338
33920130806:
340	Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
341	of time_second.  Although this is not a user-visible functional
342	change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
343	rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
344	to r253970 or later.
345
34620130802:
347	find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
348	instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
349	not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
350	would result:
351
352	find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
353
354	Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
355	without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
356	directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
357	old as well as the new version of find.
358
35920130726:
360	Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
361	Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
362	path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
363	slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
364	subdirectories must be reviewed.
365
36620130716:
367	The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
368	incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
369	need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
370
371	To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
372
373	NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
374	users are advised to upgrade.
375
37620130709:
377	pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
378	you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
379
38020130709:
381	Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
382	keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
383	statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
384
38520130629:
386	Fix targets that run multiple make's to use && rather than ;
387	so that subsequent steps depend on success of previous.
388
389	NOTE: if building 'universe' with -j* on stable/8 or stable/9
390	it would be better to start the build using bmake, to avoid
391	overloading the machine.
392
39320130618:
394	Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
395	to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
396	even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
397	write access to that file.
398
39920130615:
400	CVS has been removed from the base system.  An exact copy
401	of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
402
40320130613:
404	Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
405
406		make: illegal option -- J
407		usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
408			...
409		*** [buildworld] Error code 2
410
411	this likely due to an old instance of make in
412	${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
413	which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
414	you see the above error:
415
416		rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
417
418	should resolve it.
419
42020130516:
421	Use bmake by default.
422	Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
423	-DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
424	make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
425
426	It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
427	line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
428	command line.  Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
429	than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
430	behavior in parallel build.
431
43220130429:
433        Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
434
43520130426:
436	The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
437	the IDEA patent expired.
438
43920130426:
440	The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
441	from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
442	enabled by default.
443
44420130425:
445	The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
446	rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
447	order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
448	install and mtree.  When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
449	the install command does not support -l, you will need to
450	install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
451	This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
452	&& make install).
453
45420130404:
455	Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
456	FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources.  Kernel modules
457	atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
458	removed.  Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
459	and removed.
460
46120130319:
462	SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
463	and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
464	automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
465	binaries will not work on older kernels.
466
46720130308:
468	CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
469	information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
470
47120130304:
472	Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
473	so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
474	in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
475	by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
476	is requested.
477
478	The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
479	but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
480	option) to save memory.  To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
481	option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
482	in /boot/loader.conf.
483
48420130301:
485	The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
486	This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
487	initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
488	a CAM target device was created.  This makes a FreeBSD system
489	unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
490
49120130208:
492	A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD.  Please
493	refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
494
495	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
496	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
497
49820130129:
499	A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
500	as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
501	To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
502	while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
503	and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
504
50520130121:
506	Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
507	and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
508	make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
509	command line.  If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
510	you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
511	/etc/src.conf.
512
51320130118:
514	The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
515	argument that is a file or path to append logs to.  In the
516	unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
517	and the command line contained at least two files and a target
518	directory the first file will have logs appended to it.  The -M
519	option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
520	use is expected to be extremely rare.
521
52220121223:
523	After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
524	on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
525	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
526
52720121222:
528	GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
529	Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
530	'%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
531	be updated.
532
53320121217:
534	By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved.  To
535	restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
536	stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
537
538		savecore_flags=""
539
54020121201:
541	With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
542	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
543	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
544
54520121117:
546	The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
547	filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
548	sysctl or routing socket.  This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
549	id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
550	This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
551	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
552
55320121105:
554	On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
555	This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
556	and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
557	and /usr/bin/cpp.  To disable this behavior and revert to building
558	with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
559	of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
560	build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
561	branch point).
562
56320121102:
564	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
565	functionality now turned on by default.
566
56720121023:
568	The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
569	split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
570	NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
571	mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
572	NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
573	driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
574	Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
575	consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
576	of the two kernel options.
577
57820121023:
579	The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
580	order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
581	with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
582	pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
583
58420121022:
585	Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
586	VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
587	recompiled.
588
58920121018:
590	All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
591	the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
592	portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
593
59420121016:
595	The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
596	modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
597	ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
598	vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
599	faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
600
60120121015:
602	The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
603	Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
604	No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
605	load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
606
60720121014:
608	Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
609
61020121013:
611	The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
612	sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
613	problems have been reported.  The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
614	knob has also gone.
615
61620121006:
617	The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
618	filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
619	with new kernel.
620
62120121001:
622	The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
623	PS-POLL and power-save support.  All wireless drivers need to be
624	recompiled to work with the new kernel.
625
62620120913:
627	The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
628	generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
629	Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
630	needed.  The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
631	device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
632	configurations.
633
63420120908:
635	The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
636	snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
637
63820120828:
639	A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
640	to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
641	imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
642	this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
643	manual page.
644
64520120727:
646	The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
647	detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
648	to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable. 
649
65020120712:
651	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c.  Any binaries requiring
652	libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled.  Also, there are
653	configuration changes.  Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
654
65520120712:
656	The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
657	with other variables:
658	  kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered   -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
659	  kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
660
66120120628:
662	The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort.  For now, GNU sort
663	is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
664	GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT.  In this case, BSD sort will be
665	installed as "bsdsort".
666
66720120611:
668	A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
669	Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
670	is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
671	compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
672	pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
673	is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
674	read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
675	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
676	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
677
67820120417:
679	The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
680	as contrib/jemalloc.  The most disruptive API change is to
681	/etc/malloc.conf.  If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
682	delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
683	new format after rebooting.  See malloc.conf(5) for details
684	(specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
685	NAMESPACE section).
686
68720120328:
688	Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb".  mips64eb
689	is now spelled mips64.  mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32.  mipseb is
690	now spelled mips.  This is to aid compatibility with third-party
691	software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3).  Little-endian
692	settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
693	from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
694	your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
695
69620120306:
697	Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
698	platforms.
699
70020120229:
701	Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on	nullfs(5). Previously
702	nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
703	as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
704	only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
705	only to	the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
706	lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
707
70820120211:
709	The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
710	If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
711	recompile libc again with your kernel.  You still need to recompile
712	world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
713	comes from 20111215.
714
71520120114:
716	The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr.  All
717	base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
718	port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
719	hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
720
721	An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
722	rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
723
72420120109:
725	panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
726	on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
727	This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
728	tunable/sysctl.
729	The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
730
73120111215:
732	The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
733	of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
734	of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
735	for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
736	not supported anymore.
737
738	Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
739	utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
740	need to be recompiled.
741
74220111122:
743	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
744	/dev/wmistat0.
745
74620111108:
747	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
748	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
749	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
750	time.
751
75220111101:
753	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
754	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
755
75620110930:
757	sysinstall has been removed
758
75920110923:
760	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
761	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
762
76320110913:
764	This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash
765	calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default.
766	The first time a system is booted after this change, the
767	vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The
768	main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles
769	for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS.
770	It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file
771	systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots.
772	To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf
773	until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot.
774
77520110828:
776	Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that
777	do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared
778	to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped.
779	Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle.
780
78120110815:
782	During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified.
783	This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers --
784	issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver.
785	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041.
786
787	Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the
788	special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly.
789	Building world from a kernel during that window may not work.
790
79120110628:
792	The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5.
793	You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel.
794	This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4)
795	versions.  Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups.
796
79720110608:
798	The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms:
799		machdep.hlt_cpus
800		machdep.hlt_logical_cpus
801	The following sysctl is retired:
802		machdep.hyperthreading_allowed
803	The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and
804	online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not
805	been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler.
806	machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore
807	hyperthreading CPUs at OS level.
808	Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable,
809	where X is an APIC ID of a CPU.  Be advised, though, that disabling
810	CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and
811	may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is
812	a default scheduler.
813
81420110607:
815	cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe
816	a mask of CPUs.
817
81820110531:
819	Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate
820	that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later.  Make sure to
821	follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing
822	world.
823
82420110513:
825	Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped
826
82720110503:
828	Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer,
829	the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4).
830	This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet
831	drivers need to be recompiled.
832
833	Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem
834	was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs,
835	i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific
836	handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous
837	branches.
838
83920110430:
840	Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci'
841	into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'.
842
84320110427:
844	The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs"
845	is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs".
846	Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland
847	changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8)
848	commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called
849	mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the
850	kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root
851	file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use
852	NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER.
853	To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For
854	a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like:
855	
856	vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:"
857
858	in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make
859	a diskless root fs use the old client.
860
86120110424:
862	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new
863	CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were
864	removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using
865	ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update
866	them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY,
867	where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type
868	in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables,
869	see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map
870	old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic
871	compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do
872	not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers
873	in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names.
874
875	It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules,
876	but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata
877	module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata
878	still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk
879	and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode.
880	Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices
881	scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of
882	them are parts of the cam module.
883
884	ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class.
885	To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool
886	for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX.
887
888	No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem
889	arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack.
890	In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config:
891	    options        ATA_CAM
892	    device         ahci
893	    device         mvs
894	    device         siis
895	, and instead add back:
896	    device         atadisk         # ATA disk drives
897	    device         ataraid         # ATA RAID drives
898	    device         atapicd         # ATAPI CDROM drives
899	    device         atapifd         # ATAPI floppy drives
900	    device         atapist         # ATAPI tape drives
901
90220110423:
903	The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which
904	was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch
905	back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on
906	both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the
907	mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an
908	update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon.
909
91020110418:
911	The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C
912	related components have been removed from the base system.  If you
913	require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports.
914
91520110331:
916	ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains
917	the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci
918	contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb
919	contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath
920	in order to use ath on everything else.
921
922	TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only
923	need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation.
924
92520110314:
926	As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building
927	release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read
928	release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process.
929
93020110218:
931	GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD.  This
932	is the last available version under GPLv2.  It brings a number of new
933	features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE
934	4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new
935	directives, and lots of other small improvements.  See the ChangeLog
936	file in contrib/binutils for the full details.
937
93820110218:
939	IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868
940	compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication.
941	This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all
942	actual FreeBSD versions) who implement
943	draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for
944	authentication).
945	The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC
946	algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication.
947
94820110207:
949	Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol.  This function has
950	been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be
951	globally exposed with this name.  The equivalent functionality
952	is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri).
953	The function remains undocumented.
954
95520110112:
956	A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers,
957	symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD.  Type checking
958	for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled.  Code that needs
959	UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older
960	systems where the define is not present can check against
961	__FreeBSD_version >= 900030.
962
963	The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously
964	in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible
965	with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has
966	a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog
967	will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers
968	are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030.
969
97020110103:
971	If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get
972	the following warning:
973	"Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 
974	unknown.  config(8) likely too old."
975	or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system
976	to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in
977	stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and
978	install it on your system.
979
980	Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from
981	between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing
982	error in the first kernel build phase.  A new config on those old 
983	systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current.
984
98520101228:
986	The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with
987	it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP
988	control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that
989	rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to
990	be recompiled.
991
99220101114:
993	Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been
994	added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along
995	with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted
996	to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations.  This
997	means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise
998	support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected
999	media option.  This was implemented in the generic support that way in
1000	order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8)
1001	with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect
1002	from unwanted effects.  Consequently, if you used flow control with
1003	one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable
1004	it, for example via:
1005		ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol
1006
1007	Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting
1008	1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4),
1009	e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take
1010	advantage of it.  This means that these drivers now no longer take the
1011	link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option
1012	has to be used instead, for example like in the following:
1013		ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master
1014
1015	Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY
1016	drivers supporting 1000baseT.
1017
101820101111:
1019	The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for
1020	modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of
1021	congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User
1022	space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g.
1023	sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1024
102520101002:
1026	The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer
1027	uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to
1028	migrate local entries to the new format.
1029
103020100928:
1031	The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a
1032	new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and
1033	upstream sshd.
1034
103520100915:
1036	A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code,
1037	so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after
1038	revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel
1039	on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21).
1040	A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for
1041	set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules.
1042
104320100913:
1044	The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into
1045	$ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces.
1046
1047	The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined
1048	address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8).  A value
1049	"ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified.  The
1050	default is "AUTO".
1051
1052	The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED
1053	flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no
1054	corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line.  The default is "NO" for
1055	security reason.  If you want IPv6 link-local address on all
1056	interfaces by default, set this to "YES".
1057
1058	The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to
1059	ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and
1060	ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer".
1061
106220100913:
1063	DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is
1064	now i386 and amd64 only.
1065	dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new
1066	kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap.
1067	No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable
1068	userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and
1069	'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want
1070	to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack).
1071
107220100725:
1073	The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new
1074	aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file.
1075
107620100722:
1077	BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by
1078	default.  It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses
1079	less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase.
1080	However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly
1081	noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable
1082	but not significant.  The reason is complex, the most important factor
1083	is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU
1084	overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally.  Future work
1085	on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime,
1086	users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by
1087	setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob.
1088
108920100713:
1090	Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel
1091	configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this:
1092	    machine powerpc powerpc
1093
1094	In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels
1095	after this change.
1096
109720100713:
1098	A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD.
1099	This version uses a python library for the following subcommands:
1100	zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace.
1101	For full functionality of these commands the following port must
1102	be installed: sysutils/py-zfs
1103
110420100429:
1105	'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes.
1106	Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 
1107	time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size
1108	of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold
1109	and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 
1110 
111120100402:
1112	WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there
1113	are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also
1114	affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the
1115	compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions
1116	WITH_CTF=yes").
1117	When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored,
1118	so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead
1119	to unwanted behavior.
1120
112120100311:
1122	The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32
1123	to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel
1124	configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must
1125	be modified accordingly.
1126
112720100113:
1128	The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx,
1129	the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX.
1130	Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match,
1131	making it practically impossible to support both interfaces.
1132	The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1),
1133	last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8).
1134
1135	All applications in the base system use utmpx.  This means only
1136	local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these
1137	utmp database files.  These applications must be rebuilt to make
1138	use of utmpx.
1139
1140	After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old
1141	log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*),
1142	assuming their contents is of no importance anymore.  Old wtmp
1143	databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have
1144	been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1).
1145
114620100108:
1147	Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled
1148	via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the
1149	sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues.
1150
115120091202:
1152	The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and
1153	rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed.
1154	According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc
1155	variables are obsoleted.  Instead, the following new rc
1156	variables are added to rc.d/ipfw:
1157
1158		firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6,
1159		firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6,
1160		firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6
1161
1162	The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables.
1163
116420091125:
1165	8.0-RELEASE.
1166
116720091113:
1168	The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed
1169	from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98.  This means
1170	that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct
1171	operation of applications on the console.
1172
1173	The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using
1174	vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag.  The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration
1175	options can be used to change the compile-time default back to
1176	cons25.
1177
1178	To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment
1179	variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being
1180	performed by syscons(4).
1181
118220091109:
1183	The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed.
1184	Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8))
1185	from net80211 need to be recompiled.
1186
1187	Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world
1188	build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the
1189	new structure.
1190
119120091025:
1192	The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series.
1193	There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw"
1194	to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware
1195	images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for
1196	your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or
1197	iwn5150fw.
1198
119920090926:
1200	The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated
1201	into rc.d/netif.  The changes are the following:
1202
1203	1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF
1204	   for IPv4.  For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used.
1205	   Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head.
1206
1207	   Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not
1208	   understand what you are doing.  It is not needed in most cases. 
1209
1210	   $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but
1211	   they are obsolete.
1212
1213	2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete.  Use $ipv6_prefer and
1214	   "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead.
1215
1216	   If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and
1217	   all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the
1218	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  These are for backward compatibility.
1219
1220	3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added.  If NO, IPv6
1221	   functionality of interfaces with no corresponding
1222	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag,
1223	   and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 
1224	   is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details).
1225	   Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the
1226	   disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by
1227	   using ifconfig(8) like:
1228
1229		ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
1230
1231	   If YES, the default address selection policy is set as
1232	   IPv6-preferred.
1233
1234	   The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO.
1235
1236	4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages,
1237	   define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  The rc(8)
1238	   scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes
1239	   UP.  The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC
1240	   (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration).
1241
124220090922:
1243	802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the
1244	previous code, which was based on D3.0.
1245
124620090912:
1247	A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value
1248	of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to
1249	control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not.
1250	Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and
1251	a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value.
1252	The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags.
1253
125420090910:
1255	ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for
1256	mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them.
1257
125820090825:
1259	The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by
1260	hw.bus.devctl_queue.  hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be
1261	replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0.  The default for this new tunable
1262	is 1000.
1263
126420090813:
1265	Remove the option STOP_NMI.  The default action is now to use NMI only
1266	for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
1267	maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
1268
126920090803:
1270	The stable/8 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
1271	RELENG_8 branch in CVS.
1272
127320090719:
1274	Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
1275	use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle.  Bump
1276	__FreeBSD_version to 800105.
1277
127820090714:
1279	Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
1280	all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled.  As this change
1281	breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
1282
128320090713:
1284	The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
1285	struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
1286	The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
1287	needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
1288	the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
1289
129020090712: 
1291	Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
1292	<netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
1293	maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
1294	__FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of
1295	any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1296
129720090630:
1298	The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
1299	RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
1300	may need to be adjusted.
1301
130220090629:
1303	The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
1304	removed.  All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
1305	routing sockets.  The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
1306	with routing sockets.
1307
130820090628:
1309	The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
1310	FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
1311	the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
1312
131320090624:
1314	The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
1315	changed.  As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
1316	options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to
1317	800100.
1318
131920090622:
1320	Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
1321	moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled.  Bump
1322	__FreeBSD_version to 800099.
1323
132420090619:
1325	NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
1326	respectively.  As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
1327	no changes should be visible.  When more than 16 groups are used, old
1328	binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
1329	statically sized storage.  Recompiling will work around this, but
1330	applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
1331	for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
1332	number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
1333
1334	NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
1335	truncated to 16.  Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
1336	take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
1337	file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
1338	authentication method is used.
1339
134020090616: 
1341	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced.  This
1342	option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
1343	which want to enable it.  The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
1344	LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
1345	spinning when both held in write and read mode.
1346
134720090613:
1348	The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
1349	changed.  User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
1350
135120090611:
1352	The layout of struct thread has changed.  Kernel and modules need to
1353	be rebuilt.
1354
135520090608:
1356	The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
1357	Kernel modules need to be rebuilt.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
1358
135920090602:
1360	window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
1361	installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
1362
136320090601:
1364	The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
1365	changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
1366	re-compiled.
1367
136820090601:
1369	A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8.  Network
1370	file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be
1371	rebuilt.
1372	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
1373
137420090530:
1375	Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
1376	more valid.
1377
137820090530:
1379	Add VOP_ACCESSX(9).  File system modules need to be rebuilt.
1380	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
1381
138220090529:
1383	Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'.  File system modules need to be
1384	rebuilt.
1385	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
1386
138720090528:
1388	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
1389	introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
1390	The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
1391	SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
1392	been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
1393	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
1394
139520090527:
1396	Add support for hierarchical jails.  Remove global securelevel.
1397	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091.
1398
139920090523:
1400	The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules
1401	need to be rebuilt.
1402	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
1403
140420090523:
1405	The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
1406	run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
1407
140820090520:
1409	The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
1410	hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
1411
141220090520:
1413	802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
1414	Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
1415	of DLT_IEEE802_11.  No user-visible data structures were changed but
1416	applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
1417	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
1418
141920090430:
1420	The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid,
1421	socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet,
1422	vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw.  Most modules need to be rebuild or
1423	panics may be experienced.  World rebuild is required for
1424	correctly checking networking state from userland.
1425	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085.
1426
142720090429:
1428	MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1429	to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1430	The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely
1431	follows the IPv4 implementation.
1432
1433	For kernel developers:
1434
1435	* The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and
1436	  ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK,
1437	  and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1438
1439	* As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering
1440	  of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport
1441	  protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and
1442	  SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6.
1443
1444	* The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by
1445	  the IPv4 stack, with the following differences:
1446	   * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter().
1447	   * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup()
1448	     are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively.
1449	   * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed.
1450	   * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs
1451	     for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to
1452	     jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node
1453	     multicast membership on-link.
1454	   * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters
1455	     its report transmissions.  However, the 'timer' argument is
1456	     preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface.
1457
1458	* The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has
1459	  been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4
1460	  stack.
1461	  Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships
1462	  internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new
1463	  semantics.
1464
1465	* There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope()
1466	  acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output().
1467	  Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an
1468	  implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD.
1469
1470	For application developers:
1471
1472	* The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4
1473	  stack.
1474
1475	* The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same
1476	  socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported.
1477
1478	* There are a number of issues with the implementation of various
1479	  IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface
1480	  before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland
1481	  use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment.
1482
1483	* The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM
1484	  API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API
1485	  using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information
1486	  please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for
1487	  Multicast Source Filters'.
1488
1489	* Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine.
1490
1491	For systems administrators:
1492
1493	* The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in
1494	  addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted
1495	  as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility
1496	  will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as
1497	  returned by getifaddrs(3).
1498
1499	* The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2
1500	  endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3).
1501
1502	* The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable
1503	  loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1
1504	  to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is
1505	  recommended for optimal system performance.
1506
1507	* The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl
1508	  instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping
1509	  back forwarded datagrams.
1510
1511	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084.
1512
151320090422:
1514	Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
1515	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083.
1516
151720090419:
1518	The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new
1519	memory allocation types, has changed.  Most modules will need to
1520	be rebuilt or panics may be experienced.
1521	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081.
1522
152320090415:
1524	Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2.
1525	This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection
1526	state will require a world rebuild.
1527	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080.
1528
152920090415:
1530	Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules
1531	embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled.
1532	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079.
1533
153420090414:
1535	The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed.
1536	Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled.
1537	The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting
1538	of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful
1539	load balancing.
1540	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078.
1541
154220090408:
1543	Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and
1544	apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will
1545	re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with
1546	kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but
1547	not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when
1548	low level console functions (such as gets) are used while
1549	interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt,
1550	mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help.
1551
155220090407:
1553	The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed;
1554	kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled.
1555	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075.
1556
155720090320:
1558	GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices,
1559	replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It
1560	introduces some changes:
1561
1562	MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries
1563	(EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks
1564	to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified.
1565
1566	BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most
1567	cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with
1568	disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole
1569	top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users.
1570
1571	General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices
1572	whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file
1573	systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than
1574	the "386BSD" type).
1575
1576	Most of these changes date approximately from 200812.
1577
157820090319:
1579	The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows
1580	Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface
1581	(supported by sane).
1582
158320090319:
1584	The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1)
1585	only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters.
1586	The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and
1587	ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically
1588	compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'.
1589
159020090315:
1591	Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been
1592	removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no
1593	longer supported.  In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device
1594	drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or
1595	used.
1596
159720090313:
1598	POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and
1599	a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added.
1600	This means that some common libc messages are now localized and
1601	they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable.
1602
160320090313:
1604	The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since
1605	support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added.
1606
160720090309:
1608	IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1609	to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1610
1611	For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the
1612	ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(),
1613	and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1614
1615	Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering
1616	inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source
1617	filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose.
1618	Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject
1619	multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve
1620	as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input()
1621	low-level input path.  in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed
1622	to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel.
1623
1624	For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of
1625	multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this
1626	will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back
1627	datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may
1628	be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1
1629	to preserve the existing behaviour.
1630
1631	For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with
1632	multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended
1633	that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash
1634	collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the
1635	transport protocol input path to check group membership.
1636
1637	If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches,
1638	it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain
1639	enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced
1640	via IGMP.
1641
1642	The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be
1643	recompiled to reflect this.
1644	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070.
1645
164620090309:
1647	libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system
1648	updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to
1649	update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to
1650	rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given
1651	in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for
1652	libusb are no longer required and can be removed.
1653
165420090302:
1655	A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared
1656	memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures.
1657	Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member
1658	of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is
1659	wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly
1660	raised to allow such segments to be created.
1661
166220090301:
1663	The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all
1664	network device driver modules.
1665
166620090227:
1667	The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a
1668	buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20.
1669
167020090223:
1671	The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and
1672	module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci,
1673	ums, ...).  The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name
1674	with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed.
1675	Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still
1676	apply.
1677
167820090217:
1679	The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to
1680	defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have
1681	customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to
1682	use the new name.
1683
168420090216:
1685	xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not
1686	yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then
1687	add
1688		Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off"
1689	to your ServerLayout section.  This will cause X to use the configured
1690	kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf.
1691
169220090215:
1693	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2
1694	stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a
1695	problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB
1696	stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel
1697	that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over,
1698	eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi.
1699
1700	Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be
1701	redirected to the new stack's libusb20.  /etc/libmap.conf can
1702	be used for this:
1703		# Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack
1704		libusb-0.1.so.8	libusb20.so.1
1705
170620090209:
1707	All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN
1708	(eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often
1709	change usb chipsets in a product without notice.
1710
171120090203:
1712	The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave
1713	addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified.
1714	All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified
1715	slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the
1716	same interface.
1717
171820090201:
1719	INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated.
1720	netstat(1) needs to be recompiled.
1721
172220090119:
1723	NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match
1724	GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8)
1725	will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is
1726	actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security
1727	level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case,
1728	"options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config.
1729
173020090115:
1731	TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel.
1732	New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to
1733	800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in
1734	tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1735
173620081225:
1737	ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem.
1738	Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated.
1739	New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present
1740	in next mpd5.3 release.
1741
174220081219:
1743	With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of
1744	the base system (it was a port).
1745
174620081216:
1747	The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to
1748	rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled.
1749
175020081214:
1751	__FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
1752	RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated.
1753	The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit
1754	architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland
1755	applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly.
1756	The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and
1757	none of the L2 information.
1758
175920081130:
1760	__FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the
1761	binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line:
1762
1763	options	AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
1764
1765	to their kernel config files when specifying:
1766
1767	device	ath_hal
1768
1769	The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled
1770	together with the driver in the ath module.  It is now
1771	possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips
1772	and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details.
1773
177420081121:
1775	__FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to
1776	<machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate
1777	multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support
1778	them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to
1779	enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of
1780	packets.
1781
178220081117:
1783	A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD.
1784	This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by
1785	default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots,
1786	and is the same as Solaris behavior.
1787
178820081028:
1789	dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled.
1790
179120081009:
1792	The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have
1793	been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module
1794	separately through loader.conf you will need to load the
1795	appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0
1796	controller add the following to loader.conf:
1797
1798		uhci_load="YES"
1799		ehci_load="YES"
1800
180120081009:
1802	The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed.  Please keep
1803	userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in
1804	sync.
1805
180620081009:
1807	atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA
1808	driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module.
1809	All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules:
1810	ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek,
1811	atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron,
1812	atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia,
1813	atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia
1814
181520080820:
1816	The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new
1817	implementation, which provides better scalability and an
1818	improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to
1819	the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following
1820	drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer:
1821
1822	PCI/ISA:
1823		cy, digi, rc, rp, sio
1824
1825	USB:
1826		ubser, ucycom
1827
1828	Line disciplines:
1829		ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp
1830
1831	Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall
1832	cause compilation to fail.
1833
183420080818:
1835	ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5.
1836
183720080801:
1838	OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1.
1839
1840	For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA
1841	over RSA for host and user authentication keys.  With this
1842	upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over
1843	DSA.  This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown
1844	host keys even for previously known hosts.  Users should
1845	follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before
1846	accepting the RSA key.
1847
1848	This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms"
1849	option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh
1850	command line.
1851
1852	Please note that the sequence of keys offered for
1853	authentication has been changed as well.  You may want to
1854	specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this
1855	behavior.
1856
185720080713:
1858	The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64
1859	kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the
1860	default serial port driver on those platforms as well.
1861
1862	To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver
1863	uses different names for its device nodes. This means the
1864	onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0"
1865	instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to
1866	use the new device names.
1867
1868	When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update
1869	/boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel.
1870	If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints
1871	at the loader prompt:
1872
1873		set hint.uart.0.at="isa"
1874		set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8"
1875		set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10"
1876		set hint.uart.0.irq="4"
1877		boot -s
1878
187920080609:
1880	The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition
1881	disks instead.
1882
188320080603:
1884	The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2
1885	to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries
1886	please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and
1887	if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list.
1888
188920080525:
1890	ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to
1891	update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries.
1892
189320080509:
1894	I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables.
1895	See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2).
1896	This is a hopefully backwards compatible version,
1897	but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel
1898	with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16).
1899
190020080420:
1901	The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss
1902	operation on devices that are capable.  The underlying device
1903	is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are
1904	cloned with ifconfig.  This requires changes to rc.conf files.
1905	For example, change:
1906		ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"
1907	to
1908		wlans_ath0=wlan0
1909		ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
1910	see rc.conf(5) for more details.  In addition, mergemaster of
1911	/etc/rc.d is highly recommended.  Simultaneous update of userland
1912	and kernel wouldn't hurt either.
1913
1914	As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta
1915	modules were merged into the base wlan module.  All references
1916	to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed.
1917
191820080408:
1919	psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level.
1920	Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can
1921	be read back from it.  Therefore, an application is responsible
1922	for status validation and error recovery.  It is a no-op in
1923	other operation levels.
1924
192520080312:
1926	Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel.  To
1927	run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may
1928	be used.  The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure
1929	compatibility with any prior release:
1930
1931	libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1
1932	libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2
1933	libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3
1934
193520080301:
1936	The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm
1937	and any executables that link against libkvm and use the
1938	kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively,
1939	it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1).
1940	The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world
1941	nonetheless.
1942
194320080229:
1944	The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the
1945	82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The
1946	split was done to make new features that are incompatible
1947	with older hardware easier to do.
1948
194920080220:
1950	The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4),
1951	likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM.
1952
195320080211:
1954	The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for
1955	increased reliability.  If you rely on (insecurely) NFS
1956	mounting across a firewall you may need to update your
1957	firewall rules.
1958
195920080208:
1960	Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting
1961	mbuf chains.
1962
196320080126:
1964	The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate
1965	integer types for their members and so to be able to cope
1966	with huge file trees.  The old fts(3) ABI is preserved
1967	through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries
1968	using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take
1969	advantage of the extended types.  At the same time, some
1970	third-party software might fail to build after this change
1971	due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about
1972	fts(3) structure members.  Such software should be fixed
1973	by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree.
1974	FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely
1975	case that a portable fix is impossible.
1976
197720080123:
1978	To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running
1979	FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE.  Upgrading to -current
1980	from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems.
1981
198220071128:
1983	The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its
1984	functionality is the default now.
1985
198620071118:
1987	The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on
1988	by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun
1989	keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have
1990	to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven
1991	by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.:
1992
1993	Option	"XkbLayout" "us"
1994	Option	"XkbRules" "xorg"
1995	Option	"XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us"
1996
199720071024:
1998	It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI
1999	backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the
2000	PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was
2001	broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the
2002	20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of
2003	PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to
2004	provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that
2005	IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled
2006	again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils
2007	nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt
2008	however.
2009
201020071020:
2011	The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed
2012	to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already
2013	used kproc_start()..
2014	I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while
2015	with implementations that actually create threads, not procs.
2016	Renaming corresponds with version 800002.
2017
201820071010:
2019	RELENG_7 branched.
2020
2021COMMON ITEMS:
2022
2023	General Notes
2024	-------------
2025	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
2026	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
2027	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
2028	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
2029	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
2030	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
2031	several months have passed on the -current branch).
2032
2033	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2034	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2035	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2036	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2037	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2038
2039	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
2040	to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
2041	then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
2042	path, and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try
2043	this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
2044
2045	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2046	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2047	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2048	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2049
2050	ZFS notes
2051	---------
2052	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2053	these two steps:
2054
2055	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2056	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2057
2058	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2059
2060	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2061	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0:
2062	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0"
2063
2064	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2065
2066	To build a kernel
2067	-----------------
2068	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2069	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2070	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2071
2072	make kernel-toolchain
2073	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2074	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2075
2076	To test a kernel once
2077	---------------------
2078	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2079	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2080	debugging information) run
2081	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2082	nextboot -k testkernel
2083
2084	To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
2085	--------------------------------------------------------------
2086	This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system.  Replace
2087	${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
2088	"arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
2089
2090	cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
2091	config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
2092	cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
2093	make depend
2094	make
2095	make install
2096
2097	If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
2098
2099	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2100	-----------------------------------------------------------
2101	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2102	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2103
2104	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2105	make buildworld
2106	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2107							[1]
2108	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2109	mergemaster -p					[5]
2110	make installworld
2111	mergemaster -i					[4]
2112	make delete-old					[6]
2113	<reboot>
2114
2115	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2116	--------------------------------------------------
2117	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2118	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2119	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2120	# size.
2121
2122	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2123	<boot into -stable>
2124	make buildworld
2125	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2126	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2127	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2128	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2129	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2130	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2131	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2132	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2133	<reboot into current>
2134	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2135	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2136	<reboot>
2137
2138
2139	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2140	----------------------------------------------
2141	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2142	make buildworld					[9]
2143	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
2144							[1]
2145	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2146	mergemaster -p					[5]
2147	make installworld
2148	mergemaster -i					[4]
2149	make delete-old					[6]
2150	<reboot>
2151
2152	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2153	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2154	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2155	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2156	the UPDATING entries.
2157
2158	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2159	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2160	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2161	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2162	much fewer pitfalls.
2163
2164	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2165	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2166	system on reboot.
2167
2168	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2169		fsck -p
2170		mount -u /
2171		mount -a
2172		cd src
2173		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2174	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2175	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2176
2177	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2178	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2179	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2180	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2181	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2182	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2183	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2184
2185	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
2186	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2187	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2188	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2189	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2190	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2191
2192	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2193	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2194	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2195
2196	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
2197	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
2198	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
2199	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
2200	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
2201	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
2202
2203	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2204	last time you updated your kernel config file.
2205
2206	[9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
2207	cvs prune empty directories.
2208
2209	If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2210	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2211	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2212
2213	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2214	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2215	warn if it is improperly defined.
2216FORMAT:
2217
2218This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2219breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2220list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
2221If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2222to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2223
2224Copyright information:
2225
2226Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
2227
2228Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2229modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2230document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2231
2232THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2233IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2234WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2235DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
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