article.xml revision 260657
1226586Sdim<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> 2226586Sdim<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN" 3353358Sdim "../../../share/xml/freebsd50.dtd" [ 4353358Sdim<!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN" "release.ent"> 5353358Sdim %release; 6226586Sdim]> 7226586Sdim<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0"> 8226586Sdim<info><title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title> 9226586Sdim 10226586Sdim <author><orgname>The &os; Project</orgname></author> 11226586Sdim 12226586Sdim <pubdate>$FreeBSD: releng/10.0/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/article.xml 260657 2014-01-14 23:58:50Z hrs $</pubdate> 13360784Sdim 14249423Sdim <copyright> 15249423Sdim <year>2013</year> 16239462Sdim <year>2014</year> 17341825Sdim <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation 18249423Sdim Project</holder> 19239462Sdim </copyright> 20249423Sdim 21226586Sdim <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks"> 22249423Sdim &tm-attrib.freebsd; 23341825Sdim &tm-attrib.ibm; 24243830Sdim &tm-attrib.ieee; 25239462Sdim &tm-attrib.intel; 26261991Sdim &tm-attrib.sparc; 27239462Sdim &tm-attrib.general; 28226586Sdim </legalnotice> 29239462Sdim 30226586Sdim <abstract> 31239462Sdim <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain 32234353Sdim a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the 33226586Sdim &release.branch; development line. This document lists 34226586Sdim applicable security advisories that were issued since the last 35226586Sdim release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and 36226586Sdim userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also 37226586Sdim presented.</para> 38226586Sdim </abstract> 39226586Sdim</info> 40226586Sdim 41226586Sdim<sect1 xml:id="intro"> 42226586Sdim <title>Introduction</title> 43226586Sdim 44226586Sdim <para>This document contains the release notes for &os; 45226586Sdim &release.current;. It describes recently added, changed, or 46226586Sdim deleted features of &os;. It also provides some notes on 47226586Sdim upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para> 48226586Sdim 49226586Sdim <para>The latest, up-to-date version of the release notes are 50226586Sdim available online at <uri 51226586Sdim xlink:href="&release.url;10.0R/relnotes.html">&release.url;10.0R/relnotes.html</uri>.</para> 52226586Sdim 53226586Sdim <para>This distribution of &os; 54261991Sdim &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution. It can be 55226586Sdim found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or 56226586Sdim any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other) 57226586Sdim &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the <link 58226586Sdim xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining 59226586Sdim &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link 60226586Sdim xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os; Handbook</link>.</para> 61226586Sdim 62226586Sdim <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before 63226586Sdim installing &os;. The errata document is updated with 64226586Sdim <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the 65226586Sdim release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains 66226586Sdim information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to 67261991Sdim documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os; 68226586Sdim &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para> 69226586Sdim</sect1> 70226586Sdim 71226586Sdim<sect1 xml:id="new"> 72226586Sdim <title>What's New</title> 73226586Sdim 74226586Sdim <para>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed 75226586Sdim features in &os; since &release.prev;.</para> 76226586Sdim 77226586Sdim <para>Typical release note items document recent security advisories 78226586Sdim issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware support, new 79226586Sdim commands or options, major bug fixes, or contributed software 80226586Sdim upgrades. They may also list changes to major ports/packages or 81226586Sdim release engineering practices. Clearly the release notes cannot 82226586Sdim list every single change made to &os; between releases; this 83243830Sdim document focuses primarily on security advisories, user-visible 84226586Sdim changes, and major architectural improvements.</para> 85226586Sdim 86226586Sdim <sect2 xml:id="security"> 87226586Sdim <title>Security Advisories</title> 88226586Sdim 89239462Sdim <para>Problems described in the following security advisories have 90226586Sdim been fixed. For more information, consult the individual 91226586Sdim advisories available from 92226586Sdim <link xlink:href="http://security.FreeBSD.org/">FreeBSD 93226586Sdim Security Information</link>.</para> 94226586Sdim 95226586Sdim <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> 96226586Sdim <tgroup cols="3"> 97226586Sdim <colspec colwidth="1*" /> 98226586Sdim <colspec colwidth="1*" /> 99226586Sdim <colspec colwidth="3*" /> 100226586Sdim <thead> 101226586Sdim <row> 102261991Sdim <entry>Advisory</entry> 103226586Sdim <entry>Date</entry> 104226586Sdim <entry>Topic</entry> 105226586Sdim </row> 106261991Sdim </thead> 107226586Sdim 108226586Sdim <tbody> 109226586Sdim <row> 110226586Sdim <entry><link 111226586Sdim xlink:href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-13:14.openssh.asc">SA-13:14.openssh</link></entry> 112261991Sdim <entry>19 November 2013</entry> 113226586Sdim <entry><para>OpenSSH AES-GCM memory corruption 114226586Sdim vulnerability</para></entry> 115261991Sdim </row> 116226586Sdim 117226586Sdim <row> 118226586Sdim <entry><link 119226586Sdim xlink:href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:01.bsnmpd.asc">SA-14:01.bsnmpd</link></entry> 120261991Sdim <entry>14 January 2014</entry> 121226586Sdim <entry><para>bsnmpd remote denial of service vulnerability</para></entry> 122226586Sdim </row> 123226586Sdim 124261991Sdim <row> 125261991Sdim <entry><link 126261991Sdim xlink:href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:02.ntpd.asc">SA-14:02.ntpd</link></entry> 127261991Sdim <entry>14 January 2014</entry> 128226586Sdim <entry><para>ntpd distributed reflection Denial of Service vulnerability</para></entry> 129234353Sdim </row> 130234353Sdim 131234353Sdim <row> 132234353Sdim <entry><link 133234353Sdim xlink:href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:03.openssl.asc">SA-14:03.openssl</link></entry> 134249423Sdim <entry>14 January 2014</entry> 135249423Sdim <entry><para>OpenSSL multiple vulnerabilities</para></entry> 136249423Sdim </row> 137360784Sdim 138234353Sdim <row> 139226586Sdim <entry><link 140226586Sdim xlink:href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:04.bind.asc">SA-14:04.bind</link></entry> 141249423Sdim <entry>14 January 2014</entry> 142249423Sdim <entry><para>BIND remote denial of service vulnerability</para></entry> 143249423Sdim </row> 144249423Sdim 145249423Sdim </tbody> 146249423Sdim </tgroup> 147314564Sdim </informaltable> 148314564Sdim </sect2> 149314564Sdim 150314564Sdim <sect2 xml:id="kernel"> 151314564Sdim <title>Kernel Changes</title> 152249423Sdim 153249423Sdim <para revision="248508">The use of unmapped VMIO buffers 154249423Sdim eliminates the need to perform TLB shootdown for mapping on 155249423Sdim buffer creation and reuse, greatly reducing the amount of IPIs 156249423Sdim for shootdown on big-SMP machines and eliminating up to 25-30% 157249423Sdim of the system time on i/o intensive workloads.</para> 158341825Sdim 159234353Sdim <para arch="amd64" revision="254466">The maximum amount of memory 160234353Sdim the &os; kernel can address has been increased from 1TB to 161234353Sdim 4TB.</para> 162234353Sdim 163249423Sdim <para>A new &man.cpuset.2; API has been added for thread to CPU 164234353Sdim binding and CPU resource grouping and assignment. The 165234353Sdim &man.cpuset.1; userland utility has been added to allow 166243830Sdim manipulation of processor sets.</para> 167276479Sdim 168276479Sdim <para>The &man.ddb.4; kernel debugger now has an 169239462Sdim output capture facility. Input and output from &man.ddb.4; can 170239462Sdim now be captured to a memory buffer for later inspection using 171234353Sdim &man.sysctl.8; or a textdump. The new 172234353Sdim <command>capture</command> command controls this feature.</para> 173234353Sdim 174249423Sdim <para>The &man.ddb.4; debugger now supports a simple 175249423Sdim scripting facility, which supports a set of named scripts 176249423Sdim consisting of a set of &man.ddb.4; commands. These commands can 177249423Sdim be managed from within &man.ddb.4; or with the use of the new 178234353Sdim &man.ddb.8; utility. More details can be found in the 179234353Sdim &man.ddb.4; manual page.</para> 180234353Sdim 181234353Sdim <para>The kernel now supports a new textdump format 182234353Sdim of kernel dumps. A textdump provides higher-level information 183249423Sdim via mechanically generated/extracted debugging output, rather 184249423Sdim than a simple memory dump. This facility can be used to 185249423Sdim generate brief kernel bug reports that are rich in debugging 186249423Sdim information, but are not dependent on kernel symbol tables or 187249423Sdim precisely synchronized source code. More information can be 188249423Sdim found in the &man.textdump.4; manual page.</para> 189249423Sdim 190249423Sdim <para>Kernel support for M:N threading has been removed. While 191249423Sdim the KSE (Kernel Scheduled Entities) project was quite successful 192249423Sdim in bringing threading to FreeBSD, the M:N approach taken by the 193234353Sdim KSE library was never developed to its full potential. 194234353Sdim Backwards compatibility for applications using KSE threading 195234353Sdim will be provided via &man.libmap.conf.5; for dynamically linked 196234353Sdim binaries. The &os; Project greatly appreciates the work of 197261991Sdim &a.julian;, &a.deischen;, and &a.davidxu; on KSE support.</para> 198234353Sdim 199234353Sdim <para>The &os; kernel now exports information about certain kernel 200234353Sdim features via the <varname>kern.features</varname> sysctl tree. 201234353Sdim The &man.feature.present.3; library call provides a convenient 202234353Sdim interface for user applications to test the presence of 203249423Sdim features.</para> 204249423Sdim 205249423Sdim <para arch="amd64">The &os; kernel now has support for large 206249423Sdim memory page mappings (<quote>superpages</quote>).</para> 207249423Sdim 208249423Sdim <para arch="amd64,i386,ia64,powerpc">The ULE 209249423Sdim scheduler is now the default process scheduler 210249423Sdim in <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernels.</para> 211344779Sdim 212249423Sdim <para arch="amd64,i386" revision="240135">Support was added for 213344779Sdim the new Intel on-CPU Bull Mountain random number 214249423Sdim generator, found on IvyBridge and supposedly later CPUs, 215249423Sdim accessible with the RDRAND instruction.</para> 216249423Sdim 217249423Sdim <sect3 xml:id="kernel-virtualization"> 218249423Sdim <title>Virtualization support</title> 219249423Sdim <para arch="amd64" revision="245652">The BSD Hypervisor, 220249423Sdim &man.bhyve.8; is included with &os;. &man.bhyve.8; requires 221249423Sdim Intel CPUs with VT-x and Extended Page Table (EPT) support. 222249423Sdim These features are on all Nehalem models and beyond (e.g. 223249423Sdim Nehalem and newer), but not on the lower-end Atom CPUs.</para> 224249423Sdim 225249423Sdim <para revision="227652">&man.virtio.4; support has been added. 226249423Sdim &man.virtio.4; is the name for the paravirtualization 227249423Sdim interface developed for the Linux KVM, but since adopted to 228249423Sdim other virtual machine hypervisors (with the notable exception 229249423Sdim of Xen). This work brings in a BSD-licensed clean-room 230249423Sdim implementation of the virtio kernel drivers for disk IO 231341825Sdim (&man.virtio_blk.4; and &man.virtio_scsi.4;), network IO 232249423Sdim (&man.vtnet.4;), memory ballooning (&man.virtio_balloon.4;), 233249423Sdim and PCI. Tested with on Qemu/KVM, VirtualBox, and 234341825Sdim &man.bhyve.4;.</para> 235249423Sdim 236249423Sdim <para arch="amd64,i386" revision="255524">Paravirtualized 237249423Sdim drivers which support Microsoft Hyper-V have been imported and 238249423Sdim made part of the amd64 GENERIC kernel. For i386, these 239249423Sdim drivers are not part of GENERIC, so the following lines must 240249423Sdim be added to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> to load 241249423Sdim these drivers:</para> 242249423Sdim 243249423Sdim <programlisting>hv_ata_pci_disengage_load="YES" 244249423Sdimhv_netsvc_load="YES" 245249423Sdimhv_utils_load="YES" 246249423Sdimhv_vmbus_load="YES"</programlisting> 247249423Sdim 248249423Sdim <para>Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to the 249341825Sdim i386 kernel by adding <literal>device hyperv</literal> to the 250249423Sdim kernel config, and then recompiling the kernel. Please refer 251249423Sdim to <link xlink:href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/HyperV">FreeBSD 252341825Sdim and Microsoft Windows Server Hyper-V support</link> for full 253249423Sdim instructions on how to set up Hyper-V support under 254249423Sdim FreeBSD.</para> 255341825Sdim 256341825Sdim <para revision="254738">The &man.vmx.4; driver has been added. 257249423Sdim &man.vmx.4; is a VMware VMXNET3 ethernet driver ported from 258249423Sdim OpenBSD.</para> 259249423Sdim 260234353Sdim <para revision="255744" arch="amd64,i386">Xen PVHVM 261226586Sdim virtualization is now part of the GENERIC kernel.</para> 262226586Sdim </sect3> 263239462Sdim 264239462Sdim <sect3 xml:id="kernel-arm"> 265239462Sdim <title>ARM support</title> 266239462Sdim 267239462Sdim <para revision="239922">Raspberry PI support has been added. 268239462Sdim Refer to these <link 269239462Sdim xlink:href="http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=164">setup 270239462Sdim instructions</link> and this <link 271239462Sdim xlink:href="http://www.raspberrypi.org/quick-start-guide">quick 272239462Sdim start guide</link>.</para> 273249423Sdim 274239462Sdim <para revision="253396">The default ABI on ARM is now the ARM 275239462Sdim EABI. This brings a number of improvements and allows future 276239462Sdim support for VFP and Thumb-2.</para> 277239462Sdim 278239462Sdim <para revision="239268">ARM support has been greatly improved, 279239462Sdim including support for ARMv6 and ARMv7, SMP and thread-local 280239462Sdim storage (TLS). Additionally support for some newer SoC like 281239462Sdim the MV78x60 and OMAP4 was added. See the <link 282239462Sdim xlink:href="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-arm/2012-August/003757.html">announcement</link> 283239462Sdim for further details.</para> 284239462Sdim 285239462Sdim <para revision="254918">Superpages support on ARM has been 286239462Sdim added. Superpages support provides improved performance and 287239462Sdim scalability by allowing TLB translations to dynamically cover 288239462Sdim large physical memory regions. All ARMv6 and ARMv7-based 289239462Sdim platforms can take advantage of this feature. See the <link 290239462Sdim xlink:href="https://wiki.freebsd.org/ARMSuperpages">ARM 291239462Sdim Superpages status</link> page for further details.</para> 292239462Sdim </sect3> 293239462Sdim 294239462Sdim <sect3 xml:id="boot"> 295239462Sdim <title>Boot Loader Changes</title> 296239462Sdim 297239462Sdim <para arch="amd64,i386">The BTX kernel used by the 298239462Sdim boot loader has been changed to invoke BIOS routines from real 299239462Sdim mode. This change makes it possible to boot &os; from USB 300239462Sdim devices.</para> 301239462Sdim 302239462Sdim <para arch="amd64,i386">A new &man.gptboot.8; boot 303239462Sdim loader has been added to support booting from a GPT labeled 304239462Sdim disk. A new <command>boot</command> command has been added to 305239462Sdim &man.gpart.8;, which makes a GPT disk bootable by writing the 306239462Sdim required bits of the boot loader, creating a new boot 307239462Sdim partition if required.</para> 308239462Sdim </sect3> 309239462Sdim 310239462Sdim <sect3 xml:id="proc"> 311239462Sdim <title>Hardware Support</title> 312239462Sdim 313239462Sdim <para>The &man.cmx.4; driver, a driver for Omnikey 314239462Sdim CardMan 4040 PCMCIA smartcard readers, has been added.</para> 315239462Sdim 316239462Sdim <para>The &man.syscons.4; driver now supports the Colemak 317239462Sdim keyboard layout.</para> 318239462Sdim 319239462Sdim <para>The &man.uslcom.4; driver, a driver for 320239462Sdim Silicon Laboratories CP2101/CP2102-based USB serial adapters, 321239462Sdim has been imported from OpenBSD.</para> 322239462Sdim 323239462Sdim <sect4 xml:id="mm"> 324239462Sdim <title>Multimedia Support</title> 325239462Sdim 326239462Sdim <para revision="240609">Support for version 2.0 of the USB 327239462Sdim Audio reference design has been added. New devices should 328239462Sdim support higher bandwidth, increased sampling frequency and 329239462Sdim wider dynamic range.</para> 330239462Sdim </sect4> 331239462Sdim 332239462Sdim <sect4 xml:id="net-if"> 333239462Sdim <title>Network Interface Support</title> 334239462Sdim 335239462Sdim <para>The &man.ale.4; driver has been added to provide support 336239462Sdim for Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Gigabit/Fast Ethernet 337239462Sdim controllers.</para> 338276479Sdim 339276479Sdim <para>The &man.em.4; driver has been split into two drivers 340276479Sdim with some common parts. The &man.em.4; driver will continue 341239462Sdim to support adapters up to the 82575, as well as new 342239462Sdim client/desktop adapters. A new &man.igb.4; driver 343239462Sdim will support new server adapters.</para> 344239462Sdim 345239462Sdim <para>The &man.jme.4; driver has been added to provide support 346239462Sdim for PCIe network adapters based on JMicron JMC250 Gigabit 347239462Sdim Ethernet and JMC260 Fast Ethernet controllers.</para> 348239462Sdim 349239462Sdim <para>The &man.malo.4; driver has been added to provide 350239462Sdim support for Marvell Libertas 88W8335 based PCI network 351239462Sdim adapters.</para> 352239462Sdim 353239462Sdim <para>The firmware for the &man.mxge.4; driver has been 354239462Sdim updated from 1.4.25 to 1.4.29.</para> 355239462Sdim 356239462Sdim <para>The &man.sf.4; driver has been overhauled to improve its 357239462Sdim performance and to add support for checksum offloading. It 358239462Sdim should also work on all architectures.</para> 359239462Sdim 360239462Sdim <para>The &man.re.4; driver has been overhauled to fix a 361239462Sdim number of issues. This driver now has Wake On LAN (WOL) 362239462Sdim support.</para> 363239462Sdim 364239462Sdim <para>The &man.vr.4; driver has been overhauled to fix a 365239462Sdim number of outstanding issues. It also now works on all 366239462Sdim architectures.</para> 367239462Sdim 368239462Sdim <para arch="amd64,i386">The &man.wpi.4; driver has 369239462Sdim been updated to include a number of stability fixes.</para> 370239462Sdim 371239462Sdim <para revision="248925">The &man.cxgbe.4; driver has been 372239462Sdim updated to support 40G/10G Ethernet NICs based on Chelsio's 373239462Sdim Terminator 5 (T5) ASIC.</para> 374239462Sdim 375239462Sdim <para revision="256694">The iw_cxgbe driver has been 376239462Sdim added. This is an experimental iWARP/RDMA driver (kernel 377239462Sdim verbs only) for Chelsio's T4 and T5 based cards.</para> 378239462Sdim 379239462Sdim <para revision="255932">The Open Fabrics Enterprise 380239462Sdim Distribution (OFED) and OFED Infiniband core has been 381243830Sdim updated to the same version as supplied by Linux version 382239462Sdim 3.7</para> 383239462Sdim 384239462Sdim <para revision="255932">The Mellanox Infiniband driver has 385239462Sdim been updated to firmware version 2.30.3200 for ConnectX3 386239462Sdim NICs. Support has been added for ConnectX3 VPI NICs, where 387239462Sdim each port can be used as Infiniband 56 GB/s or Ethernet 40 388239462Sdim GB/s. Support has been added for dynamically loading kernel 389239462Sdim modules for Infiniband core (ibcore) and IP over Infiniband 390239462Sdim (ipoib).</para> 391239462Sdim 392239462Sdim <para revision="227614">&man.netmap.4; has been added. 393239462Sdim &man.netmap.4; is a framework for high-performance 394239462Sdim direct-to-hardware packet IO, offering low latency and high 395239462Sdim PPS rates to userland applications while bypassing any 396239462Sdim kernel-side packet processing. With &man.netmap.4; it is 397239462Sdim trivially possible to fully saturate a 10 Gbps network 398239462Sdim interface with minimal packet sizes. For more information, 399239462Sdim see: <link 400243830Sdim xlink:href="http://info.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/netmap/">Netmap 401239462Sdim Project</link>.</para> 402239462Sdim </sect4> 403239462Sdim </sect3> 404239462Sdim 405239462Sdim <sect3 xml:id="net-proto"> 406239462Sdim <title>Network Protocols</title> 407239462Sdim 408239462Sdim <para revision="228571">&man.carp.4; has been rewritten to make 409239462Sdim addresses more sane from the viewpoint of routing daemons such 410239462Sdim as quagga/zebra. It also brings support for a single redundant 411239462Sdim address on the subnet (carpdev), switching state with 412239462Sdim &man.ifconfig.8;, better locking and using modern kernel 413239462Sdim interfaces to allocate multicast memberships. Configuration 414239462Sdim of the CARP protocol via &man.ifconfig.8; has changed, as well 415239462Sdim as the format of CARP events submitted to &man.devd.8;. See 416239462Sdim &man.carp.4; for more information. The arpbalance feature of 417239462Sdim &man.carp.4; is currently not supported anymore.</para> 418239462Sdim 419239462Sdim <para revision="240233">The &man.pf.4; firewall now supports 420239462Sdim fine-grain locking and better utilization on multi-CPU 421239462Sdim machines, resulting in significant improvements in 422239462Sdim performance.</para> 423239462Sdim 424239462Sdim <para revision="250700">Support for up to 65536 routing tables 425239462Sdim has been introduced.</para> 426239462Sdim 427239462Sdim <para revision="248552">Support for setting/matching 428239462Sdim differentiated services codepoints (DSCP) in IP header has 429239462Sdim been added to &man.ipfw.8;.</para> 430239462Sdim </sect3> 431239462Sdim 432239462Sdim <sect3 xml:id="disks"> 433239462Sdim <title>Disks and Storage</title> 434239462Sdim 435239462Sdim <para>The &man.aac.4; driver now supports volumes 436239462Sdim larger than 2TB in size.</para> 437239462Sdim 438239462Sdim <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports a spindown command for 439239462Sdim disks; after a configurable amount of time, if no requests 440239462Sdim have been received for a disk, the disk will be spun down 441239462Sdim until the next request. The &man.atacontrol.8; utility now 442239462Sdim supports a <command>spindown</command> command to configure 443239462Sdim this feature.</para> 444239462Sdim 445341825Sdim <para>The &man.hptrr.4; driver has been updated to 446341825Sdim version 1.2 from Highpoint.</para> 447341825Sdim 448341825Sdim <para revision="240616">&man.nvme.4; has been added and provides 449341825Sdim NVM Express support. NVM Express is an optimized register 450341825Sdim interface, command set and feature set of PCI Express 451341825Sdim (PCIe)-based Solid-State Drives (SSDs). For more information, 452341825Sdim see <link 453341825Sdim xlink:href="http://www.nvmexpress.org/">nvmexpress.org</link>.</para> 454341825Sdim </sect3> 455341825Sdim 456341825Sdim <sect3 xml:id="fs"> 457341825Sdim <title>File Systems</title> 458341825Sdim 459341825Sdim <para revision="255570">A new kernel-based iSCSI target and 460341825Sdim initiator has been added.</para> 461341825Sdim 462341825Sdim <para revision="243246">UFS filesystems can now be enlarged with 463341825Sdim &man.growfs.8; while mounted read-write. This is especially 464341825Sdim useful for virtual machines, allowing the addition of more 465341825Sdim harddrive space without interruption of service.</para> 466341825Sdim 467341825Sdim <para revision="241519">A state of the art FUSE implementation 468341825Sdim is now part of the base system. It allows the use of nearly 469341825Sdim all fusefs file systems.</para> 470341825Sdim 471341825Sdim <sect4 xml:id="fs-zfs"> 472341825Sdim <title>ZFS</title> 473341825Sdim 474341825Sdim <para revision="">&man.bsdinstall.8; now supports installing 475341825Sdim ZFS on the root file system. It includes a single 476341825Sdim configuration menu that allows you to select all of the 477341825Sdim required details, including which drives to use, what ZFS 478341825Sdim RAID level to use (taking into consideration the selected 479341825Sdim number of drives), GPT or MBR, GELI encryption, forcing 4K 480341825Sdim sectors, pool name, etc.</para> 481341825Sdim 482341825Sdim <para revision="240868">TRIM support has been added for 483341825Sdim ZFS.</para> 484341825Sdim 485341825Sdim <para revision="246586">Support for the high-performance LZ4 486341825Sdim compression algorithm has been added to ZFS. LZ4 is usually 487341825Sdim faster and can achieve a higher compression ratio than LZJB, 488341825Sdim the default compression algorithm.</para> 489341825Sdim 490341825Sdim <para revision="252140">Support for L2ARC compression has been 491341825Sdim added to ZFS.</para> 492341825Sdim 493341825Sdim <para revision="243524">The zio nop-write improvement from 494341825Sdim Illumos was imported into &os;. To reduce I/O, nop-write 495341825Sdim skips overwriting data if the (cryptographically secure) 496341825Sdim checksum of new data matches the checksum of existing data. 497341825Sdim It also saves space if snapshots are in use. This 498341825Sdim improvement only works on datasets with enabled compression, 499341825Sdim disabled deduplication and sha256 checksums. ZFS will now 500341825Sdim compare the checksums of incoming writes to the checksum of 501341825Sdim the existing on-disk data and avoid issuing any write I/O 502341825Sdim for data that has not changed. This will reduce I/O as well 503341825Sdim as space usage because if the old block is referenced by 504341825Sdim a snapshot, both copies of the block are kept even though 505341825Sdim both contain the same data.</para> 506341825Sdim </sect4> 507341825Sdim </sect3> 508341825Sdim </sect2> 509341825Sdim 510341825Sdim <sect2 xml:id="userland"> 511341825Sdim <title>Userland Changes</title> 512341825Sdim 513341825Sdim <para revision="255321">On platforms where &man.clang.1; is the default 514341825Sdim system compiler (such as i386, amd64, arm), GCC and GNU libstdc++ are no 515341825Sdim longer built by default. &man.clang.1; and libc++ from LLVM are used on 516341825Sdim these platforms by instead. GCC 4.2.1 and libstdc++ are still built 517341825Sdim and used by default on pc98 and all other platforms where &man.clang.1; 518341825Sdim is not the default system compiler.</para> 519341825Sdim 520341825Sdim <para revision="251662">&man.clang.1; and llvm have been updated to 521341825Sdim version 3.3 release. Please refer to <link 522341825Sdim xlink:href="http://llvm.org/releases/3.3/tools/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.html"> 523341825Sdim Clang 3.3 Release Notes</link>.</para> 524341825Sdim 525341825Sdim <para revision="255949"><application>BIND</application> has been 526341825Sdim removed from the base system. &man.unbound.8;, which is 527341825Sdim maintained by NLnet Labs, has been imported to support local DNS 528341825Sdim resolution functionality with DNSSEC. Note that it is not a 529341825Sdim replacement of <application>BIND</application> and the latest 530341825Sdim versions of <application>BIND</application> is still available 531341825Sdim in the Ports Collection. 532341825Sdim With this change, nslookup and dig are no longer a part of the 533341825Sdim base system. Users should instead use &man.host.1; and 534341825Sdim &man.drill.1; Alternatively, nslookup and dig can be obtained by 535341825Sdim installing <filename>dns/bind-tools</filename> port.</para> 536341825Sdim 537341825Sdim <para revision="225937">sysinstall has been removed from the base 538341825Sdim system. Auxiliary libraries and tools used by sysinstall such 539341825Sdim as libdisk, libftpio, and sade have also been removed. 540341825Sdim sysinstall has been replaced by &man.bsdinstall.8; and 541341825Sdim &man.bsdconfig.8;.</para> 542341825Sdim 543341825Sdim <para revision="256106">&man.freebsd-version.1; has been added. 544341825Sdim This tool makes a best effort to determine the version and patch 545341825Sdim level of the installed kernel and userland.</para> 546341825Sdim 547341825Sdim <para revision="255191">GNU patch has been removed from the base 548341825Sdim system, and replaced by a BSD-licensed &man.patch.1; 549341825Sdim program.</para> 550341825Sdim 551341825Sdim <para revision="241511">GNU sort has been removed from the base 552341825Sdim system, and replaced by a BSD-licensed &man.sort.1; 553341825Sdim program.</para> 554341825Sdim 555341825Sdim <para revision="235723">Berkely yacc (byacc) has been imported 556341825Sdim from <link 557360784Sdim xlink:href="http://invisible-island.net/byacc/">invisible 558341825Sdim island</link>. This brings bison compatibilities to 559341825Sdim &man.yacc.1; while preserving full backwards compatibility with 560341825Sdim previous version of &man.yacc.1;.</para> 561341825Sdim 562341825Sdim <para revision="250881">&man.lex.1; has been replaced by flex 563341825Sdim 2.5.37.</para> 564341825Sdim 565341825Sdim <para revision="250699">&man.make.1; has been replaced with the 566341825Sdim <quote>Portable</quote> BSD make tool (bmake) from 567341825Sdim NetBSD.</para> 568341825Sdim 569360784Sdim <para>The &man.adduser.8; utility now supports 570341825Sdim a <option>-M</option> option to set the mode of a new user's 571341825Sdim home directory.</para> 572341825Sdim 573341825Sdim <para>BSD-licensed versions of &man.ar.1; and &man.ranlib.1;, 574341825Sdim based on &man.libarchive.3;, have replaced the GNU Binutils 575341825Sdim versions of these utilities.</para> 576341825Sdim 577341825Sdim <para>BSD-licensed versions of &man.bc.1; and &man.dc.1; have 578341825Sdim replaced their GNU counterparts.</para> 579341825Sdim 580341825Sdim <para>&man.chflags.1; now supports 581341825Sdim a <option>-v</option> flag for verbose output and 582341825Sdim a <option>-f</option> flag to ignore errors with the same 583341825Sdim semantics as (for example) &man.chmod.1;.</para> 584341825Sdim 585341825Sdim <para>For compatibility with other implementations, &man.cp.1; now 586341825Sdim supports a <option>-a</option> flag, which is equivalent to 587341825Sdim specifying the <option>-RrP</option> flags.</para> 588341825Sdim 589341825Sdim <para>BSD-licensed version of &man.cpio.1; based on 590341825Sdim &man.libarchive.3;, has replaced the GNU cpio. Note that the 591341825Sdim GNU cpio is still installed as 592341825Sdim <filename>gcpio</filename>.</para> 593341825Sdim 594341825Sdim <para>The &man.env.1; program now supports <option>-u 595341825Sdim <replaceable>name</replaceable></option> which will completely 596341825Sdim unset the given variable <replaceable>name</replaceable> by 597341825Sdim removing it from the environment, instead of just setting it to 598341825Sdim a null value.</para> 599341825Sdim 600341825Sdim <para>The &man.fdopendir.3; library function has been 601341825Sdim added.</para> 602341825Sdim 603341825Sdim <para>The &man.fetch.3; library now supports HTTP 604341825Sdim 1.1 If-Modified-Since behavior. The &man.fetch.1; program now 605341825Sdim supports <option>-i <replaceable>filename</replaceable></option> 606341825Sdim which will only download the specified HTTP URL if the content 607341825Sdim is newer than <replaceable>filename</replaceable>.</para> 608341825Sdim 609341825Sdim <para>&man.find.1; has been enhanced by the addition of a number 610341825Sdim of primaries that were present in GNU find but not &os; 611341825Sdim &man.find.1;.</para> 612341825Sdim 613341825Sdim <para>&man.kgdb.1; now supports a new <command>add-kld</command> 614341825Sdim command to make it easier to debug crash dumps with kernel 615341825Sdim modules.</para> 616341825Sdim 617341825Sdim <para>The &man.ls.1; program now supports a <option>-D</option> 618341825Sdim option to specify a date format string to be used with the long 619341825Sdim format (<option>-l</option>) output.</para> 620341825Sdim 621341825Sdim <para>&man.nc.1; now supports a <option>-O</option> switch to 622341825Sdim disable the use of TCP options.</para> 623341825Sdim 624341825Sdim <para>&man.nc.1;'s <option>-o</option> switch has been deprecated. 625341825Sdim It will be removed in a future release.</para> 626341825Sdim 627341825Sdim <para>The &man.ping6.8; utility now returns <literal>2</literal> 628341825Sdim when the packet transmission was successful but no responses 629341825Sdim were received (this is the same behavior as &man.ping.8;). 630341825Sdim It returned a non-zero value before this change.</para> 631341825Sdim 632341825Sdim <para>The &man.procstat.1; utility has been added to display 633341825Sdim detailed information about processes.</para> 634341825Sdim 635341825Sdim <para>The &man.realpath.1; utility now supports 636341825Sdim a <option>-q</option> flag to suppress warnings; it now also 637341825Sdim accepts multiple paths on its command line.</para> 638341825Sdim 639341825Sdim <para>&man.sh.1; has many bug fixes, some new features, and will 640341825Sdim now refuse to parse some invalid scripts. Additionally, it now 641341825Sdim has filename completion and defaults to the <quote>emacs</quote> 642341825Sdim editing mode.</para> 643341825Sdim 644341825Sdim <para>The &man.split.1; utility now supports a <option>-n</option> 645341825Sdim flag to split a file into a certain number of chunks.</para> 646341825Sdim 647341825Sdim <para>The &man.tar.1; utility now supports a <option>-Z</option> 648341825Sdim flag to enable &man.compress.1;-style 649341825Sdim compression/decompression.</para> 650341825Sdim 651341825Sdim <para>The &man.tar.1; utility now supports a 652341825Sdim <option>--numeric-owner</option> flag to ignore user/group names 653341825Sdim on create and extract.</para> 654341825Sdim 655341825Sdim <para>The &man.tar.1; utility now supports the 656341825Sdim <option>-S</option> flag to sparsify files on extraction.</para> 657341825Sdim 658341825Sdim <para>The &man.tar.1; utility now supports a <option>-s</option> 659341825Sdim flag to substitute filenames based on the specified regular 660341825Sdim expression.</para> 661341825Sdim 662341825Sdim <para>The &man.tcgetsid.3; library function has been added to 663341825Sdim return the process group ID for the session leader for the 664341825Sdim controlling terminal. It is defined in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 665341825Sdim (POSIX).</para> 666341825Sdim 667341825Sdim <para>&man.top.1; now supports a <option>-P</option> flag to 668341825Sdim provide per-CPU usage statistics.</para> 669341825Sdim 670341825Sdim <para>&man.zdump.8; is now working properly on 64-bit 671341825Sdim architectures.</para> 672341825Sdim 673341825Sdim <para>&man.traceroute.8; now has the ability to print the AS 674341825Sdim number for each hop with the new <option>-a</option> switch; a 675341825Sdim new <option>-A</option> option allows selecting a particular 676341825Sdim WHOIS server.</para> 677341825Sdim 678341825Sdim <para>&man.traceroute6.8; now supports a <option>-U</option> flag 679341825Sdim to send probe packets with no upper-layer protocol, rather than 680341825Sdim the usual UDP probe packets.</para> 681341825Sdim 682341825Sdim <sect3 xml:id="rc-scripts"> 683341825Sdim <title><filename>/etc/rc.d</filename> Scripts</title> 684341825Sdim 685341825Sdim <para revision="256773"><filename>rc.d/sendmail</filename> now 686341825Sdim generates and uses an SSL certificate by default when 687341825Sdim <literal>sendmail_enable="YES"</literal>. This will allow 688341825Sdim remote MTA to use STARTTLS to encrypt incoming email. The 689341825Sdim certification is signed with a key that is thrown away and is 690341825Sdim not a substitute for generating your own properly if you need 691341825Sdim to use STARTTLS authentication. Options to control the 692341825Sdim certificate generation is documented in 693341825Sdim <filename>rc.d/sendmail</filename>.</para> 694341825Sdim 695341825Sdim <para>The followoing &man.rc.8; scripts have been added:</para> 696341825Sdim 697341825Sdim <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> 698341825Sdim <tgroup cols="2"> 699341825Sdim <colspec colwidth="1*" /> 700341825Sdim <colspec colwidth="1*" /> 701341825Sdim <thead> 702341825Sdim <row> 703341825Sdim <entry>&man.rc.8; Script</entry> 704341825Sdim <entry>Function</entry> 705341825Sdim </row> 706341825Sdim </thead> 707341825Sdim 708341825Sdim <tbody> 709341825Sdim <row> 710341825Sdim <entry><filename>ctld</filename></entry> 711341825Sdim <entry><para>iSCSI target daemon startup 712341825Sdim script</para></entry> 713341825Sdim </row> 714341825Sdim <row> 715341825Sdim <entry><filename>iscsictl</filename></entry> 716341825Sdim <entry><para>iSCSI initiator management utility 717341825Sdim startup script</para></entry> 718341825Sdim </row> 719341825Sdim <row> 720341825Sdim <entry><filename>iscsid</filename></entry> 721341825Sdim <entry><para>iSCSI initiatior daemon startup 722341825Sdim script</para></entry> 723341825Sdim </row> 724341825Sdim <row> 725341825Sdim <entry><filename>kfd</filename></entry> 726341825Sdim <entry><para>Kerberos ticket forwarding daemon 727341825Sdim startup script</para></entry> 728341825Sdim </row> 729341825Sdim <row> 730341825Sdim <entry><filename>local_unbound</filename></entry> 731341825Sdim <entry><para>Unbound startup script for the local 732341825Sdim caching resolver</para></entry> 733341825Sdim </row> 734341825Sdim <row> 735341825Sdim <entry><filename>postrandom</filename></entry> 736341825Sdim <entry><para>Generates a new entropy file at system 737341825Sdim boot</para></entry> 738341825Sdim </row> 739341825Sdim <row> 740341825Sdim <entry><filename>swap</filename></entry> 741341825Sdim <entry><para>Replaces <filename>swap1</filename>; 742341825Sdim enable swap at system boot</para></entry> 743341825Sdim </row> 744341825Sdim <row> 745341825Sdim <entry><filename>swaplate</filename></entry> 746341825Sdim <entry><para>Enables swap with <quote>late</quote> 747341825Sdim set at system boot</para></entry> 748341825Sdim </row> 749341825Sdim <row> 750341825Sdim <entry><filename>utx</filename></entry> 751341825Sdim <entry><para>User accounting database startup and 752341825Sdim shutdown script</para></entry> 753341825Sdim </row> 754341825Sdim </tbody> 755341825Sdim </tgroup> 756341825Sdim </informaltable> 757341825Sdim 758341825Sdim <para>The following &man.rc.8; scripts have been removed:</para> 759341825Sdim 760341825Sdim <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0"> 761341825Sdim <tgroup cols="2"> 762341825Sdim <colspec colwidth="1*" /> 763341825Sdim <thead> 764341825Sdim <row> 765341825Sdim <entry>&man.rc.8; Script</entry> 766341825Sdim <entry><para>Reason</para></entry> 767341825Sdim </row> 768341825Sdim </thead> 769341825Sdim 770341825Sdim <tbody> 771341825Sdim <row> 772341825Sdim <entry><filename>encswap</filename></entry> 773341825Sdim <entry><para>Replaced by <filename>swap</filename> and 774341825Sdim <filename>swaplate</filename></para></entry> 775341825Sdim </row> 776341825Sdim <row> 777341825Sdim <entry><filename>named</filename></entry> 778341825Sdim <entry><para>Removed with 779341825Sdim <application>BIND</application></para></entry> 780341825Sdim </row> 781341825Sdim <row> 782341825Sdim <entry><filename>swap1</filename></entry> 783341825Sdim <entry><para>Replaced by <filename>swap</filename> and 784341825Sdim <filename>swaplate</filename></para></entry> 785341825Sdim </row> 786341825Sdim </tbody> 787341825Sdim </tgroup> 788341825Sdim </informaltable> 789341825Sdim </sect3> 790341825Sdim </sect2> 791341825Sdim 792341825Sdim <sect2 xml:id="contrib"> 793341825Sdim <title>Contributed Software</title> 794341825Sdim 795341825Sdim <para revision="251300">&man.jemalloc.3; has been updated to 796341825Sdim 3.4.0. See <link 797341825Sdim xlink:href="http://www.facebook.com/jemalloc/">this 798341825Sdim link</link> for more details.</para> 799341825Sdim 800341825Sdim <para><application>AMD</application> has been 801341825Sdim updated from 6.0.10 to 6.1.5.</para> 802341825Sdim 803341825Sdim <para><application>awk</application> has been 804341825Sdim updated from the 1 May 805341825Sdim 2007 release to the 23 October 2007 release.</para> 806341825Sdim 807341825Sdim <para><application>bzip2</application> has been 808341825Sdim updated from 1.0.4 to 1.0.5.</para> 809341825Sdim 810341825Sdim <para revision="251794"><application>CVS</application> has been 811341825Sdim removed from the base system, but is still available from Ports 812341825Sdim Collection.</para> 813341825Sdim 814341825Sdim <para revision="251886">Subversion has been imported into the base 815341825Sdim system and is installed as <application>svnlite</application>. 816341825Sdim <application>svnlite</application> should only be used for 817341825Sdim checking out the &os; source trees and committing, and does not 818341825Sdim replace the full Subversion port.</para> 819341825Sdim 820341825Sdim <para revision="234449"><application>file</application> has been 821341825Sdim updated to 5.11.</para> 822341825Sdim 823341825Sdim <para revision="252726"><application>hostapd</application> has 824341825Sdim been updated from 0.5.8 to 0.5.10.</para> 825341825Sdim 826341825Sdim <para><application>IPFilter</application> has been updated to 827341825Sdim 5.1.2.</para> 828341825Sdim 829341825Sdim <para revision="250592"><application>less</application> has been 830341825Sdim updated to v458.</para> 831341825Sdim 832341825Sdim <para><application>ncurses</application> has been updated to 833341825Sdim 5.7-20081102.</para> 834341825Sdim 835341825Sdim <para><application>OpenSSH</application> has been 836341825Sdim updated to 6.4.</para> 837341825Sdim 838341825Sdim <para revision="236109"><application>OpenPAM</application> has 839341825Sdim been updated to the Micrampelis release.</para> 840341825Sdim 841341825Sdim <para><application>sendmail</application> has been 842341825Sdim updated from 8.14.1 to 8.14.7.</para> 843341825Sdim 844341825Sdim <para>The timezone database has been updated from 845341825Sdim the <application>tzdata2008h</application> release to 846341825Sdim the <application>tzdata2009m</application> release.</para> 847341825Sdim 848341825Sdim <para>The stdtime part of libc, &man.zdump.8; and &man.zic.8; have 849341825Sdim been updated from the <application>tzcode2004a</application> 850341825Sdim release to the <application>tzcode2009h</application> release. 851341825Sdim If you have upgraded from source or via the 852341825Sdim &man.freebsd-update.8;, then please run &man.tzsetup.8; to 853341825Sdim install a new <filename>/etc/localtime</filename>.</para> 854341825Sdim 855341825Sdim <para revision="252726"><application>WPA Supplicant</application> 856341825Sdim has been updated to 2.0.</para> 857341825Sdim 858341825Sdim <para><application>xz</application> has been updated 859341825Sdim from snapshot as of 12 April 2010 to 5.0.0.</para> 860341825Sdim 861341825Sdim <para revision="258231">&man.nvi.1; has been updated 862341825Sdim to 2.1.2.</para> 863341825Sdim 864341825Sdim <para revision="254225">&man.nvi.1; supports wide-character 865341825Sdim locales.</para> 866341825Sdim </sect2> 867341825Sdim 868341825Sdim <sect2 xml:id="ports"> 869341825Sdim <title>Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</title> 870341825Sdim 871341825Sdim <para revision="257444">The pkg_add, pkg_create, pkg_delete, 872341825Sdim pkg_info, pkg_updating, and pkg_version utilities have been 873341825Sdim removed. &man.pkg.7; must now be used to install binary 874341825Sdim packages. &man.pkg.7; is the next generation &os; package 875341825Sdim manager, also referred to as <quote>pkgng</quote>.</para> 876341825Sdim </sect2> 877341825Sdim 878341825Sdim <sect2 xml:id="releng"> 879341825Sdim <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title> 880341825Sdim 881341825Sdim <para>The supported version of 882341825Sdim the <application>GNOME</application> desktop environment 883341825Sdim (<package>x11/gnome2</package>) has been 884341825Sdim updated from 2.20.1 to 2.22.</para> 885341825Sdim </sect2> 886341825Sdim 887341825Sdim <!-- 888341825Sdim <sect2 xml:id="doc"> 889341825Sdim <title>Documentation</title> 890341825Sdim 891341825Sdim <para/> 892341825Sdim 893341825Sdim </sect2> 894341825Sdim --> 895341825Sdim</sect1> 896341825Sdim 897341825Sdim<sect1 xml:id="upgrade"> 898341825Sdim <title>Upgrading from previous releases of &os;</title> 899341825Sdim 900341825Sdim <para arch="amd64,i386">Beginning with &os; 6.2-RELEASE, binary 901341825Sdim upgrades between RELEASE versions (and snapshots of the various 902341825Sdim security branches) are supported using the &man.freebsd-update.8; 903341825Sdim utility. The binary upgrade procedure will update unmodified 904341825Sdim userland utilities, as well as unmodified GENERIC or SMP kernels 905341825Sdim distributed as a part of an official &os; release. The 906341825Sdim &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that the host being 907341825Sdim upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para> 908341825Sdim 909341825Sdim <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os; 910341825Sdim base system from source code) from previous versions are 911341825Sdim supported, according to the instructions in 912341825Sdim <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para> 913341825Sdim 914341825Sdim <important> 915341825Sdim <para>Upgrading &os; should, of course, only be attempted after 916341825Sdim backing up <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration 917341825Sdim files.</para> 918341825Sdim </important> 919341825Sdim</sect1> 920341825Sdim</article> 921341825Sdim