1<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>smbpasswd</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.0"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en"><a name="smbpasswd.5"></a><div class="titlepage"></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>smbpasswd — The Samba encrypted password file</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><p><code class="filename">smbpasswd</code></p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="id291815"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2><p>This tool is part of the <a href="samba.7.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">samba</span>(7)</span></a> suite.</p><p>smbpasswd is the Samba encrypted password file. It contains 2 the username, Unix user id and the SMB hashed passwords of the 3 user, as well as account flag information and the time the 4 password was last changed. This file format has been evolving with 5 Samba and has had several different formats in the past. </p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="id259311"></a><h2>FILE FORMAT</h2><p>The format of the smbpasswd file used by Samba 2.2 6 is very similar to the familiar Unix <code class="filename">passwd(5)</code> 7 file. It is an ASCII file containing one line for each user. Each field 8 ithin each line is separated from the next by a colon. Any entry 9 beginning with '#' is ignored. The smbpasswd file contains the 10 following information for each user: </p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">name</span></dt><dd><p> This is the user name. It must be a name that 11 already exists in the standard UNIX passwd file. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">uid</span></dt><dd><p>This is the UNIX uid. It must match the uid 12 field for the same user entry in the standard UNIX passwd file. 13 If this does not match then Samba will refuse to recognize 14 this smbpasswd file entry as being valid for a user. 15 </p></dd><dt><span class="term">Lanman Password Hash</span></dt><dd><p>This is the LANMAN hash of the user's password, 16 encoded as 32 hex digits. The LANMAN hash is created by DES 17 encrypting a well known string with the user's password as the 18 DES key. This is the same password used by Windows 95/98 machines. 19 Note that this password hash is regarded as weak as it is 20 vulnerable to dictionary attacks and if two users choose the 21 same password this entry will be identical (i.e. the password 22 is not "salted" as the UNIX password is). If the user has a 23 null password this field will contain the characters "NO PASSWORD" 24 as the start of the hex string. If the hex string is equal to 25 32 'X' characters then the user's account is marked as 26 <code class="constant">disabled</code> and the user will not be able to 27 log onto the Samba server. </p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>WARNING !!</em></span> Note that, due to 28 the challenge-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication 29 protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will 30 be able to impersonate the user on the network. For this 31 reason these hashes are known as <span class="emphasis"><em>plain text 32 equivalents</em></span> and must <span class="emphasis"><em>NOT</em></span> be made 33 available to anyone but the root user. To protect these passwords 34 the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and 35 traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file 36 itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no 37 other access. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">NT Password Hash</span></dt><dd><p>This is the Windows NT hash of the user's 38 password, encoded as 32 hex digits. The Windows NT hash is 39 created by taking the user's password as represented in 40 16-bit, little-endian UNICODE and then applying the MD4 41 (internet rfc1321) hashing algorithm to it. </p><p>This password hash is considered more secure than 42 the LANMAN Password Hash as it preserves the case of the 43 password and uses a much higher quality hashing algorithm. 44 However, it is still the case that if two users choose the same 45 password this entry will be identical (i.e. the password is 46 not "salted" as the UNIX password is). </p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>WARNING !!</em></span>. Note that, due to 47 the challenge-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication 48 protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will 49 be able to impersonate the user on the network. For this 50 reason these hashes are known as <span class="emphasis"><em>plain text 51 equivalents</em></span> and must <span class="emphasis"><em>NOT</em></span> be made 52 available to anyone but the root user. To protect these passwords 53 the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and 54 traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file 55 itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no 56 other access. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">Account Flags</span></dt><dd><p>This section contains flags that describe 57 the attributes of the users account. This field is bracketed by 58 '[' and ']' characters and is always 13 characters in length 59 (including the '[' and ']' characters). 60 The contents of this field may be any of the following characters: 61 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>U</em></span> - This means 62 this is a "User" account, i.e. an ordinary user.</p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span> - This means the 63 account has no password (the passwords in the fields LANMAN 64 Password Hash and NT Password Hash are ignored). Note that this 65 will only allow users to log on with no password if the <em class="parameter"><code> 66 null passwords</code></em> parameter is set in the 67 <a href="smb.conf.5.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">smb.conf</span>(5)</span></a> config file. </p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>D</em></span> - This means the account 68 is disabled and no SMB/CIFS logins will be allowed for this user. </p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>X</em></span> - This means the password 69 does not expire. </p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>W</em></span> - This means this account 70 is a "Workstation Trust" account. This kind of account is used 71 in the Samba PDC code stream to allow Windows NT Workstations 72 and Servers to join a Domain hosted by a Samba PDC. </p></li></ul></div><p>Other flags may be added as the code is extended in future. 73 The rest of this field space is filled in with spaces. For further 74 information regarding the flags that are supported please refer to the 75 man page for the <code class="literal">pdbedit</code> command.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Last Change Time</span></dt><dd><p>This field consists of the time the account was 76 last modified. It consists of the characters 'LCT-' (standing for 77 "Last Change Time") followed by a numeric encoding of the UNIX time 78 in seconds since the epoch (1970) that the last change was made. 79 </p></dd></dl></div><p>All other colon separated fields are ignored at this time.</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="id260410"></a><h2>VERSION</h2><p>This man page is correct for version 3.0 of 80 the Samba suite.</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="id260421"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2><p><a href="smbpasswd.8.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">smbpasswd</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href="Samba.7.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">Samba</span>(7)</span></a>, and 81 the Internet RFC1321 for details on the MD4 algorithm. 82 </p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="id260088"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2><p>The original Samba software and related utilities 83 were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed 84 by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar 85 to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</p><p>The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer. 86 The man page sources were converted to YODL format (another 87 excellent piece of Open Source software, available at <a href="ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/" target="_top"> 88 ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/</a>) and updated for the Samba 2.0 89 release by Jeremy Allison. The conversion to DocBook for 90 Samba 2.2 was done by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 91 for Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.</p></div></div></body></html> 92