1<html lang="en"> 2<head> 3<title>Debugging with GDB</title> 4<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> 5<meta name="description" content="Debugging with GDB"> 6<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13"> 7<link title="Top" rel="start" href="#Top"> 8<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> 9<!-- 10Copyright (C) 1988-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 11 12Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 13under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or 14any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the 15Invariant Sections being "Free Software" and "Free Software Needs 16Free Documentation", with the Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU Manual," 17and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. 18 19(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You are free to copy and modify 20this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in 21developing GNU and promoting software freedom." 22--> 23<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> 24<style type="text/css"><!-- 25 pre.display { font-family:inherit } 26 pre.format { font-family:inherit } 27 pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } 28 pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } 29 pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } 30 pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } 31 span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } 32 span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } 33 span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } 34--></style> 35<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../cs.css"> 36</head> 37<body> 38This file documents the <span class="sc">gnu</span> debugger <span class="sc">gdb</span>. 39 40 <p>This is the Tenth Edition, of <cite>Debugging with 41</cite><span class="sc">gdb</span><cite>: the </cite><span class="sc">gnu</span><cite> Source-Level Debugger</cite> for <span class="sc">gdb</span> 42(Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2013.11-24) 43Version 7.6.50.20130726-cvs. 44 45<!-- man begin COPYRIGHT --> 46 <p>Copyright © 1988-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 47 48 <p>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 49under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or 50any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the 51Invariant Sections being “Free Software” and “Free Software Needs 52Free Documentation”, with the Front-Cover Texts being “A GNU Manual,” 53and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. 54 55 <p>(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: “You are free to copy and modify 56this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in 57developing GNU and promoting software freedom.” 58<!-- man end --> 59 60<div class="node"> 61<a name="Top"></a> 62<p> 63Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Summary.html#Summary">Summary</a>, 64Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="../index.html#dir">(dir)</a>, 65Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="../index.html#dir">(dir)</a> 66<hr> 67</div> 68 69<h2 class="unnumbered">Debugging with <span class="sc">gdb</span></h2> 70 71<p>This file describes <span class="sc">gdb</span>, the <span class="sc">gnu</span> symbolic debugger. 72 73 <p>This is the Tenth Edition, for <span class="sc">gdb</span> 74(Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2013.11-24) 75Version 7.6.50.20130726-cvs. 76 77 <p>Copyright (C) 1988-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 78 79 <p>This edition of the GDB manual is dedicated to the memory of Fred 80Fish. Fred was a long-standing contributor to GDB and to Free 81software in general. We will miss him. 82 83<ul class="menu"> 84<li><a accesskey="1" href="Summary.html#Summary">Summary</a>: Summary of <span class="sc">gdb</span> 85<li><a accesskey="2" href="Sample-Session.html#Sample-Session">Sample Session</a>: A sample <span class="sc">gdb</span> session 86 87<li><a accesskey="3" href="Invocation.html#Invocation">Invocation</a>: Getting in and out of <span class="sc">gdb</span> 88<li><a accesskey="4" href="Commands.html#Commands">Commands</a>: <span class="sc">gdb</span> commands 89<li><a accesskey="5" href="Running.html#Running">Running</a>: Running programs under <span class="sc">gdb</span> 90<li><a accesskey="6" href="Stopping.html#Stopping">Stopping</a>: Stopping and continuing 91<li><a accesskey="7" href="Reverse-Execution.html#Reverse-Execution">Reverse Execution</a>: Running programs backward 92<li><a accesskey="8" href="Process-Record-and-Replay.html#Process-Record-and-Replay">Process Record and Replay</a>: Recording inferior's execution and replaying it 93<li><a accesskey="9" href="Stack.html#Stack">Stack</a>: Examining the stack 94<li><a href="Source.html#Source">Source</a>: Examining source files 95<li><a href="Data.html#Data">Data</a>: Examining data 96<li><a href="Optimized-Code.html#Optimized-Code">Optimized Code</a>: Debugging optimized code 97<li><a href="Macros.html#Macros">Macros</a>: Preprocessor Macros 98<li><a href="Tracepoints.html#Tracepoints">Tracepoints</a>: Debugging remote targets non-intrusively 99<li><a href="Overlays.html#Overlays">Overlays</a>: Debugging programs that use overlays 100 101<li><a href="Languages.html#Languages">Languages</a>: Using <span class="sc">gdb</span> with different languages 102 103<li><a href="Symbols.html#Symbols">Symbols</a>: Examining the symbol table 104<li><a href="Altering.html#Altering">Altering</a>: Altering execution 105<li><a href="GDB-Files.html#GDB-Files">GDB Files</a>: <span class="sc">gdb</span> files 106<li><a href="Targets.html#Targets">Targets</a>: Specifying a debugging target 107<li><a href="Remote-Debugging.html#Remote-Debugging">Remote Debugging</a>: Debugging remote programs 108<li><a href="Configurations.html#Configurations">Configurations</a>: Configuration-specific information 109<li><a href="Controlling-GDB.html#Controlling-GDB">Controlling GDB</a>: Controlling <span class="sc">gdb</span> 110<li><a href="Extending-GDB.html#Extending-GDB">Extending GDB</a>: Extending <span class="sc">gdb</span> 111<li><a href="Interpreters.html#Interpreters">Interpreters</a>: Command Interpreters 112<li><a href="TUI.html#TUI">TUI</a>: <span class="sc">gdb</span> Text User Interface 113<li><a href="Emacs.html#Emacs">Emacs</a>: Using <span class="sc">gdb</span> under <span class="sc">gnu</span> Emacs 114<li><a href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI">GDB/MI</a>: <span class="sc">gdb</span>'s Machine Interface. 115<li><a href="Annotations.html#Annotations">Annotations</a>: <span class="sc">gdb</span>'s annotation interface. 116<li><a href="JIT-Interface.html#JIT-Interface">JIT Interface</a>: Using the JIT debugging interface. 117<li><a href="In_002dProcess-Agent.html#In_002dProcess-Agent">In-Process Agent</a>: In-Process Agent 118 119<li><a href="GDB-Bugs.html#GDB-Bugs">GDB Bugs</a>: Reporting bugs in <span class="sc">gdb</span> 120 121<li><a href="Command-Line-Editing.html#Command-Line-Editing">Command Line Editing</a>: Command Line Editing 122<li><a href="Using-History-Interactively.html#Using-History-Interactively">Using History Interactively</a>: Using History Interactively 123<li><a href="In-Memoriam.html#In-Memoriam">In Memoriam</a>: In Memoriam 124<li><a href="Formatting-Documentation.html#Formatting-Documentation">Formatting Documentation</a>: How to format and print <span class="sc">gdb</span> documentation 125<li><a href="Installing-GDB.html#Installing-GDB">Installing GDB</a>: Installing GDB 126<li><a href="Maintenance-Commands.html#Maintenance-Commands">Maintenance Commands</a>: Maintenance Commands 127<li><a href="Remote-Protocol.html#Remote-Protocol">Remote Protocol</a>: GDB Remote Serial Protocol 128<li><a href="Agent-Expressions.html#Agent-Expressions">Agent Expressions</a>: The GDB Agent Expression Mechanism 129<li><a href="Target-Descriptions.html#Target-Descriptions">Target Descriptions</a>: How targets can describe themselves to 130 <span class="sc">gdb</span> 131<li><a href="Operating-System-Information.html#Operating-System-Information">Operating System Information</a>: Getting additional information from 132 the operating system 133<li><a href="Trace-File-Format.html#Trace-File-Format">Trace File Format</a>: GDB trace file format 134<li><a href="Index-Section-Format.html#Index-Section-Format">Index Section Format</a>: .gdb_index section format 135<li><a href="Man-Pages.html#Man-Pages">Man Pages</a>: Manual pages 136<li><a href="Copying.html#Copying">Copying</a>: GNU General Public License says 137 how you can copy and share GDB 138<li><a href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>: The license for this documentation 139<li><a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index">Concept Index</a>: Index of <span class="sc">gdb</span> concepts 140<li><a href="Command-and-Variable-Index.html#Command-and-Variable-Index">Command and Variable Index</a>: Index of <span class="sc">gdb</span> commands, variables, 141 functions, and Python data types 142</ul> 143 144<div class="contents"> 145<h2>Table of Contents</h2> 146<ul> 147<li><a name="toc_Top" href="index.html#Top">Debugging with <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 148<li><a name="toc_Summary" href="Summary.html#Summary">Summary of <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 149<ul> 150<li><a href="Free-Software.html#Free-Software">Free Software</a> 151<li><a href="Free-Documentation.html#Free-Documentation">Free Software Needs Free Documentation</a> 152<li><a href="Contributors.html#Contributors">Contributors to <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 153</li></ul> 154<li><a name="toc_Sample-Session" href="Sample-Session.html#Sample-Session">1 A Sample <span class="sc">gdb</span> Session</a> 155<li><a name="toc_Invocation" href="Invocation.html#Invocation">2 Getting In and Out of <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 156<ul> 157<li><a href="Invoking-GDB.html#Invoking-GDB">2.1 Invoking <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 158<ul> 159<li><a href="File-Options.html#File-Options">2.1.1 Choosing Files</a> 160<li><a href="Mode-Options.html#Mode-Options">2.1.2 Choosing Modes</a> 161<li><a href="Startup.html#Startup">2.1.3 What <span class="sc">gdb</span> Does During Startup</a> 162</li></ul> 163<li><a href="Quitting-GDB.html#Quitting-GDB">2.2 Quitting <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 164<li><a href="Shell-Commands.html#Shell-Commands">2.3 Shell Commands</a> 165<li><a href="Logging-Output.html#Logging-Output">2.4 Logging Output</a> 166</li></ul> 167<li><a name="toc_Commands" href="Commands.html#Commands">3 <span class="sc">gdb</span> Commands</a> 168<ul> 169<li><a href="Command-Syntax.html#Command-Syntax">3.1 Command Syntax</a> 170<li><a href="Completion.html#Completion">3.2 Command Completion</a> 171<li><a href="Help.html#Help">3.3 Getting Help</a> 172</li></ul> 173<li><a name="toc_Running" href="Running.html#Running">4 Running Programs Under <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 174<ul> 175<li><a href="Compilation.html#Compilation">4.1 Compiling for Debugging</a> 176<li><a href="Starting.html#Starting">4.2 Starting your Program</a> 177<li><a href="Arguments.html#Arguments">4.3 Your Program's Arguments</a> 178<li><a href="Environment.html#Environment">4.4 Your Program's Environment</a> 179<li><a href="Working-Directory.html#Working-Directory">4.5 Your Program's Working Directory</a> 180<li><a href="Input_002fOutput.html#Input_002fOutput">4.6 Your Program's Input and Output</a> 181<li><a href="Attach.html#Attach">4.7 Debugging an Already-running Process</a> 182<li><a href="Kill-Process.html#Kill-Process">4.8 Killing the Child Process</a> 183<li><a href="Inferiors-and-Programs.html#Inferiors-and-Programs">4.9 Debugging Multiple Inferiors and Programs</a> 184<li><a href="Threads.html#Threads">4.10 Debugging Programs with Multiple Threads</a> 185<li><a href="Forks.html#Forks">4.11 Debugging Forks</a> 186<li><a href="Checkpoint_002fRestart.html#Checkpoint_002fRestart">4.12 Setting a <em>Bookmark</em> to Return to Later</a> 187<ul> 188<li><a href="Checkpoint_002fRestart.html#Checkpoint_002fRestart">4.12.1 A Non-obvious Benefit of Using Checkpoints</a> 189</li></ul> 190</li></ul> 191<li><a name="toc_Stopping" href="Stopping.html#Stopping">5 Stopping and Continuing</a> 192<ul> 193<li><a href="Breakpoints.html#Breakpoints">5.1 Breakpoints, Watchpoints, and Catchpoints</a> 194<ul> 195<li><a href="Set-Breaks.html#Set-Breaks">5.1.1 Setting Breakpoints</a> 196<li><a href="Set-Watchpoints.html#Set-Watchpoints">5.1.2 Setting Watchpoints</a> 197<li><a href="Set-Catchpoints.html#Set-Catchpoints">5.1.3 Setting Catchpoints</a> 198<li><a href="Delete-Breaks.html#Delete-Breaks">5.1.4 Deleting Breakpoints</a> 199<li><a href="Disabling.html#Disabling">5.1.5 Disabling Breakpoints</a> 200<li><a href="Conditions.html#Conditions">5.1.6 Break Conditions</a> 201<li><a href="Break-Commands.html#Break-Commands">5.1.7 Breakpoint Command Lists</a> 202<li><a href="Dynamic-Printf.html#Dynamic-Printf">5.1.8 Dynamic Printf</a> 203<li><a href="Save-Breakpoints.html#Save-Breakpoints">5.1.9 How to save breakpoints to a file</a> 204<li><a href="Static-Probe-Points.html#Static-Probe-Points">5.1.10 Static Probe Points</a> 205<li><a href="Error-in-Breakpoints.html#Error-in-Breakpoints">5.1.11 “Cannot insert breakpoints”</a> 206<li><a href="Breakpoint_002drelated-Warnings.html#Breakpoint_002drelated-Warnings">5.1.12 “Breakpoint address adjusted...”</a> 207</li></ul> 208<li><a href="Continuing-and-Stepping.html#Continuing-and-Stepping">5.2 Continuing and Stepping</a> 209<li><a href="Skipping-Over-Functions-and-Files.html#Skipping-Over-Functions-and-Files">5.3 Skipping Over Functions and Files</a> 210<li><a href="Signals.html#Signals">5.4 Signals</a> 211<li><a href="Thread-Stops.html#Thread-Stops">5.5 Stopping and Starting Multi-thread Programs</a> 212<ul> 213<li><a href="All_002dStop-Mode.html#All_002dStop-Mode">5.5.1 All-Stop Mode</a> 214<li><a href="Non_002dStop-Mode.html#Non_002dStop-Mode">5.5.2 Non-Stop Mode</a> 215<li><a href="Background-Execution.html#Background-Execution">5.5.3 Background Execution</a> 216<li><a href="Thread_002dSpecific-Breakpoints.html#Thread_002dSpecific-Breakpoints">5.5.4 Thread-Specific Breakpoints</a> 217<li><a href="Interrupted-System-Calls.html#Interrupted-System-Calls">5.5.5 Interrupted System Calls</a> 218<li><a href="Observer-Mode.html#Observer-Mode">5.5.6 Observer Mode</a> 219</li></ul> 220</li></ul> 221<li><a name="toc_Reverse-Execution" href="Reverse-Execution.html#Reverse-Execution">6 Running programs backward</a> 222<li><a name="toc_Process-Record-and-Replay" href="Process-Record-and-Replay.html#Process-Record-and-Replay">7 Recording Inferior's Execution and Replaying It</a> 223<li><a name="toc_Stack" href="Stack.html#Stack">8 Examining the Stack</a> 224<ul> 225<li><a href="Frames.html#Frames">8.1 Stack Frames</a> 226<li><a href="Backtrace.html#Backtrace">8.2 Backtraces</a> 227<li><a href="Frame-Filter-Management.html#Frame-Filter-Management">8.3 Management of Frame Filters.</a> 228<li><a href="Selection.html#Selection">8.4 Selecting a Frame</a> 229<li><a href="Frame-Info.html#Frame-Info">8.5 Information About a Frame</a> 230</li></ul> 231<li><a name="toc_Source" href="Source.html#Source">9 Examining Source Files</a> 232<ul> 233<li><a href="List.html#List">9.1 Printing Source Lines</a> 234<li><a href="Specify-Location.html#Specify-Location">9.2 Specifying a Location</a> 235<li><a href="Edit.html#Edit">9.3 Editing Source Files</a> 236<ul> 237<li><a href="Edit.html#Edit">9.3.1 Choosing your Editor</a> 238</li></ul> 239<li><a href="Search.html#Search">9.4 Searching Source Files</a> 240<li><a href="Source-Path.html#Source-Path">9.5 Specifying Source Directories</a> 241<li><a href="Machine-Code.html#Machine-Code">9.6 Source and Machine Code</a> 242</li></ul> 243<li><a name="toc_Data" href="Data.html#Data">10 Examining Data</a> 244<ul> 245<li><a href="Expressions.html#Expressions">10.1 Expressions</a> 246<li><a href="Ambiguous-Expressions.html#Ambiguous-Expressions">10.2 Ambiguous Expressions</a> 247<li><a href="Variables.html#Variables">10.3 Program Variables</a> 248<li><a href="Arrays.html#Arrays">10.4 Artificial Arrays</a> 249<li><a href="Output-Formats.html#Output-Formats">10.5 Output Formats</a> 250<li><a href="Memory.html#Memory">10.6 Examining Memory</a> 251<li><a href="Auto-Display.html#Auto-Display">10.7 Automatic Display</a> 252<li><a href="Print-Settings.html#Print-Settings">10.8 Print Settings</a> 253<li><a href="Pretty-Printing.html#Pretty-Printing">10.9 Pretty Printing</a> 254<ul> 255<li><a href="Pretty_002dPrinter-Introduction.html#Pretty_002dPrinter-Introduction">10.9.1 Pretty-Printer Introduction</a> 256<li><a href="Pretty_002dPrinter-Example.html#Pretty_002dPrinter-Example">10.9.2 Pretty-Printer Example</a> 257<li><a href="Pretty_002dPrinter-Commands.html#Pretty_002dPrinter-Commands">10.9.3 Pretty-Printer Commands</a> 258</li></ul> 259<li><a href="Value-History.html#Value-History">10.10 Value History</a> 260<li><a href="Convenience-Vars.html#Convenience-Vars">10.11 Convenience Variables</a> 261<li><a href="Convenience-Funs.html#Convenience-Funs">10.12 Convenience Functions</a> 262<li><a href="Registers.html#Registers">10.13 Registers</a> 263<li><a href="Floating-Point-Hardware.html#Floating-Point-Hardware">10.14 Floating Point Hardware</a> 264<li><a href="Vector-Unit.html#Vector-Unit">10.15 Vector Unit</a> 265<li><a href="OS-Information.html#OS-Information">10.16 Operating System Auxiliary Information</a> 266<li><a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">10.17 Memory Region Attributes</a> 267<ul> 268<li><a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">10.17.1 Attributes</a> 269<ul> 270<li><a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">10.17.1.1 Memory Access Mode</a> 271<li><a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">10.17.1.2 Memory Access Size</a> 272<li><a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">10.17.1.3 Data Cache</a> 273</li></ul> 274<li><a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">10.17.2 Memory Access Checking</a> 275</li></ul> 276<li><a href="Dump_002fRestore-Files.html#Dump_002fRestore-Files">10.18 Copy Between Memory and a File</a> 277<li><a href="Core-File-Generation.html#Core-File-Generation">10.19 How to Produce a Core File from Your Program</a> 278<li><a href="Character-Sets.html#Character-Sets">10.20 Character Sets</a> 279<li><a href="Caching-Remote-Data.html#Caching-Remote-Data">10.21 Caching Data of Remote Targets</a> 280<li><a href="Searching-Memory.html#Searching-Memory">10.22 Search Memory</a> 281</li></ul> 282<li><a name="toc_Optimized-Code" href="Optimized-Code.html#Optimized-Code">11 Debugging Optimized Code</a> 283<ul> 284<li><a href="Inline-Functions.html#Inline-Functions">11.1 Inline Functions</a> 285<li><a href="Tail-Call-Frames.html#Tail-Call-Frames">11.2 Tail Call Frames</a> 286</li></ul> 287<li><a name="toc_Macros" href="Macros.html#Macros">12 C Preprocessor Macros</a> 288<li><a name="toc_Tracepoints" href="Tracepoints.html#Tracepoints">13 Tracepoints</a> 289<ul> 290<li><a href="Set-Tracepoints.html#Set-Tracepoints">13.1 Commands to Set Tracepoints</a> 291<ul> 292<li><a href="Create-and-Delete-Tracepoints.html#Create-and-Delete-Tracepoints">13.1.1 Create and Delete Tracepoints</a> 293<li><a href="Enable-and-Disable-Tracepoints.html#Enable-and-Disable-Tracepoints">13.1.2 Enable and Disable Tracepoints</a> 294<li><a href="Tracepoint-Passcounts.html#Tracepoint-Passcounts">13.1.3 Tracepoint Passcounts</a> 295<li><a href="Tracepoint-Conditions.html#Tracepoint-Conditions">13.1.4 Tracepoint Conditions</a> 296<li><a href="Trace-State-Variables.html#Trace-State-Variables">13.1.5 Trace State Variables</a> 297<li><a href="Tracepoint-Actions.html#Tracepoint-Actions">13.1.6 Tracepoint Action Lists</a> 298<li><a href="Listing-Tracepoints.html#Listing-Tracepoints">13.1.7 Listing Tracepoints</a> 299<li><a href="Listing-Static-Tracepoint-Markers.html#Listing-Static-Tracepoint-Markers">13.1.8 Listing Static Tracepoint Markers</a> 300<li><a href="Starting-and-Stopping-Trace-Experiments.html#Starting-and-Stopping-Trace-Experiments">13.1.9 Starting and Stopping Trace Experiments</a> 301<li><a href="Tracepoint-Restrictions.html#Tracepoint-Restrictions">13.1.10 Tracepoint Restrictions</a> 302</li></ul> 303<li><a href="Analyze-Collected-Data.html#Analyze-Collected-Data">13.2 Using the Collected Data</a> 304<ul> 305<li><a href="tfind.html#tfind">13.2.1 <code>tfind </code><var>n</var></a> 306<li><a href="tdump.html#tdump">13.2.2 <code>tdump</code></a> 307<li><a href="save-tracepoints.html#save-tracepoints">13.2.3 <code>save tracepoints </code><var>filename</var></a> 308</li></ul> 309<li><a href="Tracepoint-Variables.html#Tracepoint-Variables">13.3 Convenience Variables for Tracepoints</a> 310<li><a href="Trace-Files.html#Trace-Files">13.4 Using Trace Files</a> 311</li></ul> 312<li><a name="toc_Overlays" href="Overlays.html#Overlays">14 Debugging Programs That Use Overlays</a> 313<ul> 314<li><a href="How-Overlays-Work.html#How-Overlays-Work">14.1 How Overlays Work</a> 315<li><a href="Overlay-Commands.html#Overlay-Commands">14.2 Overlay Commands</a> 316<li><a href="Automatic-Overlay-Debugging.html#Automatic-Overlay-Debugging">14.3 Automatic Overlay Debugging</a> 317<li><a href="Overlay-Sample-Program.html#Overlay-Sample-Program">14.4 Overlay Sample Program</a> 318</li></ul> 319<li><a name="toc_Languages" href="Languages.html#Languages">15 Using <span class="sc">gdb</span> with Different Languages</a> 320<ul> 321<li><a href="Setting.html#Setting">15.1 Switching Between Source Languages</a> 322<ul> 323<li><a href="Filenames.html#Filenames">15.1.1 List of Filename Extensions and Languages</a> 324<li><a href="Manually.html#Manually">15.1.2 Setting the Working Language</a> 325<li><a href="Automatically.html#Automatically">15.1.3 Having <span class="sc">gdb</span> Infer the Source Language</a> 326</li></ul> 327<li><a href="Show.html#Show">15.2 Displaying the Language</a> 328<li><a href="Checks.html#Checks">15.3 Type and Range Checking</a> 329<ul> 330<li><a href="Type-Checking.html#Type-Checking">15.3.1 An Overview of Type Checking</a> 331<li><a href="Range-Checking.html#Range-Checking">15.3.2 An Overview of Range Checking</a> 332</li></ul> 333<li><a href="Supported-Languages.html#Supported-Languages">15.4 Supported Languages</a> 334<ul> 335<li><a href="C.html#C">15.4.1 C and C<tt>++</tt></a> 336<ul> 337<li><a href="C-Operators.html#C-Operators">15.4.1.1 C and C<tt>++</tt> Operators</a> 338<li><a href="C-Constants.html#C-Constants">15.4.1.2 C and C<tt>++</tt> Constants</a> 339<li><a href="C-Plus-Plus-Expressions.html#C-Plus-Plus-Expressions">15.4.1.3 C<tt>++</tt> Expressions</a> 340<li><a href="C-Defaults.html#C-Defaults">15.4.1.4 C and C<tt>++</tt> Defaults</a> 341<li><a href="C-Checks.html#C-Checks">15.4.1.5 C and C<tt>++</tt> Type and Range Checks</a> 342<li><a href="Debugging-C.html#Debugging-C">15.4.1.6 <span class="sc">gdb</span> and C</a> 343<li><a href="Debugging-C-Plus-Plus.html#Debugging-C-Plus-Plus">15.4.1.7 <span class="sc">gdb</span> Features for C<tt>++</tt></a> 344<li><a href="Decimal-Floating-Point.html#Decimal-Floating-Point">15.4.1.8 Decimal Floating Point format</a> 345</li></ul> 346<li><a href="D.html#D">15.4.2 D</a> 347<li><a href="Go.html#Go">15.4.3 Go</a> 348<li><a href="Objective_002dC.html#Objective_002dC">15.4.4 Objective-C</a> 349<ul> 350<li><a href="Method-Names-in-Commands.html#Method-Names-in-Commands">15.4.4.1 Method Names in Commands</a> 351<li><a href="The-Print-Command-with-Objective_002dC.html#The-Print-Command-with-Objective_002dC">15.4.4.2 The Print Command With Objective-C</a> 352</li></ul> 353<li><a href="OpenCL-C.html#OpenCL-C">15.4.5 OpenCL C</a> 354<ul> 355<li><a href="OpenCL-C-Datatypes.html#OpenCL-C-Datatypes">15.4.5.1 OpenCL C Datatypes</a> 356<li><a href="OpenCL-C-Expressions.html#OpenCL-C-Expressions">15.4.5.2 OpenCL C Expressions</a> 357<li><a href="OpenCL-C-Operators.html#OpenCL-C-Operators">15.4.5.3 OpenCL C Operators</a> 358</li></ul> 359<li><a href="Fortran.html#Fortran">15.4.6 Fortran</a> 360<ul> 361<li><a href="Fortran-Operators.html#Fortran-Operators">15.4.6.1 Fortran Operators and Expressions</a> 362<li><a href="Fortran-Defaults.html#Fortran-Defaults">15.4.6.2 Fortran Defaults</a> 363<li><a href="Special-Fortran-Commands.html#Special-Fortran-Commands">15.4.6.3 Special Fortran Commands</a> 364</li></ul> 365<li><a href="Pascal.html#Pascal">15.4.7 Pascal</a> 366<li><a href="Modula_002d2.html#Modula_002d2">15.4.8 Modula-2</a> 367<ul> 368<li><a href="M2-Operators.html#M2-Operators">15.4.8.1 Operators</a> 369<li><a href="Built_002dIn-Func_002fProc.html#Built_002dIn-Func_002fProc">15.4.8.2 Built-in Functions and Procedures</a> 370<li><a href="M2-Constants.html#M2-Constants">15.4.8.3 Constants</a> 371<li><a href="M2-Types.html#M2-Types">15.4.8.4 Modula-2 Types</a> 372<li><a href="M2-Defaults.html#M2-Defaults">15.4.8.5 Modula-2 Defaults</a> 373<li><a href="Deviations.html#Deviations">15.4.8.6 Deviations from Standard Modula-2</a> 374<li><a href="M2-Checks.html#M2-Checks">15.4.8.7 Modula-2 Type and Range Checks</a> 375<li><a href="M2-Scope.html#M2-Scope">15.4.8.8 The Scope Operators <code>::</code> and <code>.</code></a> 376<li><a href="GDB_002fM2.html#GDB_002fM2">15.4.8.9 <span class="sc">gdb</span> and Modula-2</a> 377</li></ul> 378<li><a href="Ada.html#Ada">15.4.9 Ada</a> 379<ul> 380<li><a href="Ada-Mode-Intro.html#Ada-Mode-Intro">15.4.9.1 Introduction</a> 381<li><a href="Omissions-from-Ada.html#Omissions-from-Ada">15.4.9.2 Omissions from Ada</a> 382<li><a href="Additions-to-Ada.html#Additions-to-Ada">15.4.9.3 Additions to Ada</a> 383<li><a href="Stopping-Before-Main-Program.html#Stopping-Before-Main-Program">15.4.9.4 Stopping at the Very Beginning</a> 384<li><a href="Ada-Tasks.html#Ada-Tasks">15.4.9.5 Extensions for Ada Tasks</a> 385<li><a href="Ada-Tasks-and-Core-Files.html#Ada-Tasks-and-Core-Files">15.4.9.6 Tasking Support when Debugging Core Files</a> 386<li><a href="Ravenscar-Profile.html#Ravenscar-Profile">15.4.9.7 Tasking Support when using the Ravenscar Profile</a> 387<li><a href="Ada-Glitches.html#Ada-Glitches">15.4.9.8 Known Peculiarities of Ada Mode</a> 388</li></ul> 389</li></ul> 390<li><a href="Unsupported-Languages.html#Unsupported-Languages">15.5 Unsupported Languages</a> 391</li></ul> 392<li><a name="toc_Symbols" href="Symbols.html#Symbols">16 Examining the Symbol Table</a> 393<li><a name="toc_Altering" href="Altering.html#Altering">17 Altering Execution</a> 394<ul> 395<li><a href="Assignment.html#Assignment">17.1 Assignment to Variables</a> 396<li><a href="Jumping.html#Jumping">17.2 Continuing at a Different Address</a> 397<li><a href="Signaling.html#Signaling">17.3 Giving your Program a Signal</a> 398<li><a href="Returning.html#Returning">17.4 Returning from a Function</a> 399<li><a href="Calling.html#Calling">17.5 Calling Program Functions</a> 400<li><a href="Patching.html#Patching">17.6 Patching Programs</a> 401</li></ul> 402<li><a name="toc_GDB-Files" href="GDB-Files.html#GDB-Files">18 <span class="sc">gdb</span> Files</a> 403<ul> 404<li><a href="Files.html#Files">18.1 Commands to Specify Files</a> 405<li><a href="Separate-Debug-Files.html#Separate-Debug-Files">18.2 Debugging Information in Separate Files</a> 406<li><a href="MiniDebugInfo.html#MiniDebugInfo">18.3 Debugging information in a special section</a> 407<li><a href="Index-Files.html#Index-Files">18.4 Index Files Speed Up <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 408<li><a href="Symbol-Errors.html#Symbol-Errors">18.5 Errors Reading Symbol Files</a> 409<li><a href="Data-Files.html#Data-Files">18.6 GDB Data Files</a> 410</li></ul> 411<li><a name="toc_Targets" href="Targets.html#Targets">19 Specifying a Debugging Target</a> 412<ul> 413<li><a href="Active-Targets.html#Active-Targets">19.1 Active Targets</a> 414<li><a href="Target-Commands.html#Target-Commands">19.2 Commands for Managing Targets</a> 415<li><a href="Byte-Order.html#Byte-Order">19.3 Choosing Target Byte Order</a> 416</li></ul> 417<li><a name="toc_Remote-Debugging" href="Remote-Debugging.html#Remote-Debugging">20 Debugging Remote Programs</a> 418<ul> 419<li><a href="Connecting.html#Connecting">20.1 Connecting to a Remote Target</a> 420<li><a href="File-Transfer.html#File-Transfer">20.2 Sending files to a remote system</a> 421<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3 Using the <code>gdbserver</code> Program</a> 422<ul> 423<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.1 Running <code>gdbserver</code></a> 424<ul> 425<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.1.1 Attaching to a Running Program</a> 426<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.1.2 Multi-Process Mode for <code>gdbserver</code></a> 427<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.1.3 TCP port allocation lifecycle of <code>gdbserver</code></a> 428<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.1.4 Other Command-Line Arguments for <code>gdbserver</code></a> 429</li></ul> 430<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.2 Connecting to <code>gdbserver</code></a> 431<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.3 Monitor Commands for <code>gdbserver</code></a> 432<li><a href="Server.html#Server">20.3.4 Tracepoints support in <code>gdbserver</code></a> 433</li></ul> 434<li><a href="Remote-Configuration.html#Remote-Configuration">20.4 Remote Configuration</a> 435<li><a href="Remote-Stub.html#Remote-Stub">20.5 Implementing a Remote Stub</a> 436<ul> 437<li><a href="Stub-Contents.html#Stub-Contents">20.5.1 What the Stub Can Do for You</a> 438<li><a href="Bootstrapping.html#Bootstrapping">20.5.2 What You Must Do for the Stub</a> 439<li><a href="Debug-Session.html#Debug-Session">20.5.3 Putting it All Together</a> 440</li></ul> 441</li></ul> 442<li><a name="toc_Configurations" href="Configurations.html#Configurations">21 Configuration-Specific Information</a> 443<ul> 444<li><a href="Native.html#Native">21.1 Native</a> 445<ul> 446<li><a href="HP_002dUX.html#HP_002dUX">21.1.1 HP-UX</a> 447<li><a href="BSD-libkvm-Interface.html#BSD-libkvm-Interface">21.1.2 BSD libkvm Interface</a> 448<li><a href="SVR4-Process-Information.html#SVR4-Process-Information">21.1.3 SVR4 Process Information</a> 449<li><a href="DJGPP-Native.html#DJGPP-Native">21.1.4 Features for Debugging <span class="sc">djgpp</span> Programs</a> 450<li><a href="Cygwin-Native.html#Cygwin-Native">21.1.5 Features for Debugging MS Windows PE Executables</a> 451<ul> 452<li><a href="Non_002ddebug-DLL-Symbols.html#Non_002ddebug-DLL-Symbols">21.1.5.1 Support for DLLs without Debugging Symbols</a> 453<li><a href="Non_002ddebug-DLL-Symbols.html#Non_002ddebug-DLL-Symbols">21.1.5.2 DLL Name Prefixes</a> 454<li><a href="Non_002ddebug-DLL-Symbols.html#Non_002ddebug-DLL-Symbols">21.1.5.3 Working with Minimal Symbols</a> 455</li></ul> 456<li><a href="Hurd-Native.html#Hurd-Native">21.1.6 Commands Specific to <span class="sc">gnu</span> Hurd Systems</a> 457<li><a href="Darwin.html#Darwin">21.1.7 Darwin</a> 458</li></ul> 459<li><a href="Embedded-OS.html#Embedded-OS">21.2 Embedded Operating Systems</a> 460<ul> 461<li><a href="VxWorks.html#VxWorks">21.2.1 Using <span class="sc">gdb</span> with VxWorks</a> 462<ul> 463<li><a href="VxWorks-Connection.html#VxWorks-Connection">21.2.1.1 Connecting to VxWorks</a> 464<li><a href="VxWorks-Download.html#VxWorks-Download">21.2.1.2 VxWorks Download</a> 465<li><a href="VxWorks-Attach.html#VxWorks-Attach">21.2.1.3 Running Tasks</a> 466</li></ul> 467</li></ul> 468<li><a href="Embedded-Processors.html#Embedded-Processors">21.3 Embedded Processors</a> 469<ul> 470<li><a href="ARM.html#ARM">21.3.1 ARM</a> 471<li><a href="M32R_002fD.html#M32R_002fD">21.3.2 Renesas M32R/D and M32R/SDI</a> 472<li><a href="M68K.html#M68K">21.3.3 M68k</a> 473<li><a href="MicroBlaze.html#MicroBlaze">21.3.4 MicroBlaze</a> 474<li><a href="MIPS-Embedded.html#MIPS-Embedded">21.3.5 <acronym>MIPS</acronym> Embedded</a> 475<li><a href="PowerPC-Embedded.html#PowerPC-Embedded">21.3.6 PowerPC Embedded</a> 476<li><a href="PA.html#PA">21.3.7 HP PA Embedded</a> 477<li><a href="Sparclet.html#Sparclet">21.3.8 Tsqware Sparclet</a> 478<ul> 479<li><a href="Sparclet-File.html#Sparclet-File">21.3.8.1 Setting File to Debug</a> 480<li><a href="Sparclet-Connection.html#Sparclet-Connection">21.3.8.2 Connecting to Sparclet</a> 481<li><a href="Sparclet-Download.html#Sparclet-Download">21.3.8.3 Sparclet Download</a> 482<li><a href="Sparclet-Execution.html#Sparclet-Execution">21.3.8.4 Running and Debugging</a> 483</li></ul> 484<li><a href="Sparclite.html#Sparclite">21.3.9 Fujitsu Sparclite</a> 485<li><a href="Z8000.html#Z8000">21.3.10 Zilog Z8000</a> 486<li><a href="AVR.html#AVR">21.3.11 Atmel AVR</a> 487<li><a href="CRIS.html#CRIS">21.3.12 CRIS</a> 488<li><a href="Super_002dH.html#Super_002dH">21.3.13 Renesas Super-H</a> 489</li></ul> 490<li><a href="Architectures.html#Architectures">21.4 Architectures</a> 491<ul> 492<li><a href="AArch64.html#AArch64">21.4.1 AArch64</a> 493<li><a href="i386.html#i386">21.4.2 x86 Architecture-specific Issues</a> 494<li><a href="Alpha.html#Alpha">21.4.3 Alpha</a> 495<li><a href="MIPS.html#MIPS">21.4.4 <acronym>MIPS</acronym></a> 496<li><a href="HPPA.html#HPPA">21.4.5 HPPA</a> 497<li><a href="SPU.html#SPU">21.4.6 Cell Broadband Engine SPU architecture</a> 498<li><a href="PowerPC.html#PowerPC">21.4.7 PowerPC</a> 499<li><a href="Nios-II.html#Nios-II">21.4.8 Nios II</a> 500</li></ul> 501</li></ul> 502<li><a name="toc_Controlling-GDB" href="Controlling-GDB.html#Controlling-GDB">22 Controlling <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 503<ul> 504<li><a href="Prompt.html#Prompt">22.1 Prompt</a> 505<li><a href="Editing.html#Editing">22.2 Command Editing</a> 506<li><a href="Command-History.html#Command-History">22.3 Command History</a> 507<li><a href="Screen-Size.html#Screen-Size">22.4 Screen Size</a> 508<li><a href="Numbers.html#Numbers">22.5 Numbers</a> 509<li><a href="ABI.html#ABI">22.6 Configuring the Current ABI</a> 510<li><a href="Auto_002dloading.html#Auto_002dloading">22.7 Automatically loading associated files</a> 511<ul> 512<li><a href="Init-File-in-the-Current-Directory.html#Init-File-in-the-Current-Directory">22.7.1 Automatically loading init file in the current directory</a> 513<li><a href="libthread_005fdb_002eso_002e1-file.html#libthread_005fdb_002eso_002e1-file">22.7.2 Automatically loading thread debugging library</a> 514<li><a href="objfile_002dgdb_002egdb-file.html#objfile_002dgdb_002egdb-file">22.7.3 The <samp><var>objfile</var><span class="file">-gdb.gdb</span></samp> file</a> 515<li><a href="Auto_002dloading-safe-path.html#Auto_002dloading-safe-path">22.7.4 Security restriction for auto-loading</a> 516<li><a href="Auto_002dloading-verbose-mode.html#Auto_002dloading-verbose-mode">22.7.5 Displaying files tried for auto-load</a> 517</li></ul> 518<li><a href="Messages_002fWarnings.html#Messages_002fWarnings">22.8 Optional Warnings and Messages</a> 519<li><a href="Debugging-Output.html#Debugging-Output">22.9 Optional Messages about Internal Happenings</a> 520<li><a href="Other-Misc-Settings.html#Other-Misc-Settings">22.10 Other Miscellaneous Settings</a> 521</li></ul> 522<li><a name="toc_Extending-GDB" href="Extending-GDB.html#Extending-GDB">23 Extending <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 523<ul> 524<li><a href="Sequences.html#Sequences">23.1 Canned Sequences of Commands</a> 525<ul> 526<li><a href="Define.html#Define">23.1.1 User-defined Commands</a> 527<li><a href="Hooks.html#Hooks">23.1.2 User-defined Command Hooks</a> 528<li><a href="Command-Files.html#Command-Files">23.1.3 Command Files</a> 529<li><a href="Output.html#Output">23.1.4 Commands for Controlled Output</a> 530</li></ul> 531<li><a href="Python.html#Python">23.2 Scripting <span class="sc">gdb</span> using Python</a> 532<ul> 533<li><a href="Python-Commands.html#Python-Commands">23.2.1 Python Commands</a> 534<li><a href="Python-API.html#Python-API">23.2.2 Python API</a> 535<ul> 536<li><a href="Basic-Python.html#Basic-Python">23.2.2.1 Basic Python</a> 537<li><a href="Exception-Handling.html#Exception-Handling">23.2.2.2 Exception Handling</a> 538<li><a href="Values-From-Inferior.html#Values-From-Inferior">23.2.2.3 Values From Inferior</a> 539<li><a href="Types-In-Python.html#Types-In-Python">23.2.2.4 Types In Python</a> 540<li><a href="Pretty-Printing-API.html#Pretty-Printing-API">23.2.2.5 Pretty Printing API</a> 541<li><a href="Selecting-Pretty_002dPrinters.html#Selecting-Pretty_002dPrinters">23.2.2.6 Selecting Pretty-Printers</a> 542<li><a href="Writing-a-Pretty_002dPrinter.html#Writing-a-Pretty_002dPrinter">23.2.2.7 Writing a Pretty-Printer</a> 543<li><a href="Type-Printing-API.html#Type-Printing-API">23.2.2.8 Type Printing API</a> 544<li><a href="Frame-Filter-API.html#Frame-Filter-API">23.2.2.9 Filtering Frames.</a> 545<li><a href="Frame-Decorator-API.html#Frame-Decorator-API">23.2.2.10 Decorating Frames.</a> 546<li><a href="Writing-a-Frame-Filter.html#Writing-a-Frame-Filter">23.2.2.11 Writing a Frame Filter</a> 547<li><a href="Inferiors-In-Python.html#Inferiors-In-Python">23.2.2.12 Inferiors In Python</a> 548<li><a href="Events-In-Python.html#Events-In-Python">23.2.2.13 Events In Python</a> 549<li><a href="Threads-In-Python.html#Threads-In-Python">23.2.2.14 Threads In Python</a> 550<li><a href="Commands-In-Python.html#Commands-In-Python">23.2.2.15 Commands In Python</a> 551<li><a href="Parameters-In-Python.html#Parameters-In-Python">23.2.2.16 Parameters In Python</a> 552<li><a href="Functions-In-Python.html#Functions-In-Python">23.2.2.17 Writing new convenience functions</a> 553<li><a href="Progspaces-In-Python.html#Progspaces-In-Python">23.2.2.18 Program Spaces In Python</a> 554<li><a href="Objfiles-In-Python.html#Objfiles-In-Python">23.2.2.19 Objfiles In Python</a> 555<li><a href="Frames-In-Python.html#Frames-In-Python">23.2.2.20 Accessing inferior stack frames from Python.</a> 556<li><a href="Blocks-In-Python.html#Blocks-In-Python">23.2.2.21 Accessing blocks from Python.</a> 557<li><a href="Symbols-In-Python.html#Symbols-In-Python">23.2.2.22 Python representation of Symbols.</a> 558<li><a href="Symbol-Tables-In-Python.html#Symbol-Tables-In-Python">23.2.2.23 Symbol table representation in Python.</a> 559<li><a href="Breakpoints-In-Python.html#Breakpoints-In-Python">23.2.2.24 Manipulating breakpoints using Python</a> 560<li><a href="Finish-Breakpoints-in-Python.html#Finish-Breakpoints-in-Python">23.2.2.25 Finish Breakpoints</a> 561<li><a href="Lazy-Strings-In-Python.html#Lazy-Strings-In-Python">23.2.2.26 Python representation of lazy strings.</a> 562<li><a href="Architectures-In-Python.html#Architectures-In-Python">23.2.2.27 Python representation of architectures</a> 563</li></ul> 564<li><a href="Python-Auto_002dloading.html#Python-Auto_002dloading">23.2.3 Python Auto-loading</a> 565<ul> 566<li><a href="objfile_002dgdb_002epy-file.html#objfile_002dgdb_002epy-file">23.2.3.1 The <samp><var>objfile</var><span class="file">-gdb.py</span></samp> file</a> 567<li><a href="dotdebug_005fgdb_005fscripts-section.html#dotdebug_005fgdb_005fscripts-section">23.2.3.2 The <code>.debug_gdb_scripts</code> section</a> 568<li><a href="Which-flavor-to-choose_003f.html#Which-flavor-to-choose_003f">23.2.3.3 Which flavor to choose?</a> 569</li></ul> 570<li><a href="Python-modules.html#Python-modules">23.2.4 Python modules</a> 571<ul> 572<li><a href="gdb_002eprinting.html#gdb_002eprinting">23.2.4.1 gdb.printing</a> 573<li><a href="gdb_002etypes.html#gdb_002etypes">23.2.4.2 gdb.types</a> 574<li><a href="gdb_002eprompt.html#gdb_002eprompt">23.2.4.3 gdb.prompt</a> 575</li></ul> 576</li></ul> 577<li><a href="Aliases.html#Aliases">23.3 Creating new spellings of existing commands</a> 578</li></ul> 579<li><a name="toc_Interpreters" href="Interpreters.html#Interpreters">24 Command Interpreters</a> 580<li><a name="toc_TUI" href="TUI.html#TUI">25 <span class="sc">gdb</span> Text User Interface</a> 581<ul> 582<li><a href="TUI-Overview.html#TUI-Overview">25.1 TUI Overview</a> 583<li><a href="TUI-Keys.html#TUI-Keys">25.2 TUI Key Bindings</a> 584<li><a href="TUI-Single-Key-Mode.html#TUI-Single-Key-Mode">25.3 TUI Single Key Mode</a> 585<li><a href="TUI-Commands.html#TUI-Commands">25.4 TUI-specific Commands</a> 586<li><a href="TUI-Configuration.html#TUI-Configuration">25.5 TUI Configuration Variables</a> 587</li></ul> 588<li><a name="toc_Emacs" href="Emacs.html#Emacs">26 Using <span class="sc">gdb</span> under <span class="sc">gnu</span> Emacs</a> 589<li><a name="toc_GDB_002fMI" href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI">27 The <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Interface</a> 590<ul> 591<li><a href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI">Function and Purpose</a> 592<li><a href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI">Notation and Terminology</a> 593<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-General-Design.html#GDB_002fMI-General-Design">27.1 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> General Design</a> 594<ul> 595<li><a href="Context-management.html#Context-management">27.1.1 Context management</a> 596<li><a href="Asynchronous-and-non_002dstop-modes.html#Asynchronous-and-non_002dstop-modes">27.1.2 Asynchronous command execution and non-stop mode</a> 597<li><a href="Thread-groups.html#Thread-groups">27.1.3 Thread groups</a> 598</li></ul> 599<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Command-Syntax.html#GDB_002fMI-Command-Syntax">27.2 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Command Syntax</a> 600<ul> 601<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Input-Syntax.html#GDB_002fMI-Input-Syntax">27.2.1 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Input Syntax</a> 602<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Output-Syntax.html#GDB_002fMI-Output-Syntax">27.2.2 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Output Syntax</a> 603</li></ul> 604<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Compatibility-with-CLI.html#GDB_002fMI-Compatibility-with-CLI">27.3 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Compatibility with CLI</a> 605<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Development-and-Front-Ends.html#GDB_002fMI-Development-and-Front-Ends">27.4 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Development and Front Ends</a> 606<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Output-Records.html#GDB_002fMI-Output-Records">27.5 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Output Records</a> 607<ul> 608<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Result-Records.html#GDB_002fMI-Result-Records">27.5.1 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Result Records</a> 609<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Stream-Records.html#GDB_002fMI-Stream-Records">27.5.2 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Stream Records</a> 610<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Async-Records.html#GDB_002fMI-Async-Records">27.5.3 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Async Records</a> 611<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Breakpoint-Information.html#GDB_002fMI-Breakpoint-Information">27.5.4 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Breakpoint Information</a> 612<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Frame-Information.html#GDB_002fMI-Frame-Information">27.5.5 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Frame Information</a> 613<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Thread-Information.html#GDB_002fMI-Thread-Information">27.5.6 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Thread Information</a> 614<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Ada-Exception-Information.html#GDB_002fMI-Ada-Exception-Information">27.5.7 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Ada Exception Information</a> 615</li></ul> 616<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Simple-Examples.html#GDB_002fMI-Simple-Examples">27.6 Simple Examples of <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Interaction</a> 617<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Command-Description-Format.html#GDB_002fMI-Command-Description-Format">27.7 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Command Description Format</a> 618<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Breakpoint-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Breakpoint-Commands">27.8 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Breakpoint Commands</a> 619<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Catchpoint-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Catchpoint-Commands">27.9 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Catchpoint Commands</a> 620<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Program-Context.html#GDB_002fMI-Program-Context">27.10 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Program Context</a> 621<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Thread-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Thread-Commands">27.11 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Thread Commands</a> 622<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Ada-Tasking-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Ada-Tasking-Commands">27.12 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Ada Tasking Commands</a> 623<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Program-Execution.html#GDB_002fMI-Program-Execution">27.13 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Program Execution</a> 624<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Stack-Manipulation.html#GDB_002fMI-Stack-Manipulation">27.14 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Stack Manipulation Commands</a> 625<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Variable-Objects.html#GDB_002fMI-Variable-Objects">27.15 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Variable Objects</a> 626<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Data-Manipulation.html#GDB_002fMI-Data-Manipulation">27.16 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Data Manipulation</a> 627<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Tracepoint-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Tracepoint-Commands">27.17 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Tracepoint Commands</a> 628<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Symbol-Query.html#GDB_002fMI-Symbol-Query">27.18 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Symbol Query Commands</a> 629<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-File-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-File-Commands">27.19 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> File Commands</a> 630<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Target-Manipulation.html#GDB_002fMI-Target-Manipulation">27.20 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Target Manipulation Commands</a> 631<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-File-Transfer-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-File-Transfer-Commands">27.21 <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> File Transfer Commands</a> 632<li><a href="GDB_002fMI-Miscellaneous-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Miscellaneous-Commands">27.22 Miscellaneous <span class="sc">gdb/mi</span> Commands</a> 633</li></ul> 634<li><a name="toc_Annotations" href="Annotations.html#Annotations">28 <span class="sc">gdb</span> Annotations</a> 635<ul> 636<li><a href="Annotations-Overview.html#Annotations-Overview">28.1 What is an Annotation?</a> 637<li><a href="Server-Prefix.html#Server-Prefix">28.2 The Server Prefix</a> 638<li><a href="Prompting.html#Prompting">28.3 Annotation for <span class="sc">gdb</span> Input</a> 639<li><a href="Errors.html#Errors">28.4 Errors</a> 640<li><a href="Invalidation.html#Invalidation">28.5 Invalidation Notices</a> 641<li><a href="Annotations-for-Running.html#Annotations-for-Running">28.6 Running the Program</a> 642<li><a href="Source-Annotations.html#Source-Annotations">28.7 Displaying Source</a> 643</li></ul> 644<li><a name="toc_JIT-Interface" href="JIT-Interface.html#JIT-Interface">29 JIT Compilation Interface</a> 645<ul> 646<li><a href="Declarations.html#Declarations">29.1 JIT Declarations</a> 647<li><a href="Registering-Code.html#Registering-Code">29.2 Registering Code</a> 648<li><a href="Unregistering-Code.html#Unregistering-Code">29.3 Unregistering Code</a> 649<li><a href="Custom-Debug-Info.html#Custom-Debug-Info">29.4 Custom Debug Info</a> 650<ul> 651<li><a href="Using-JIT-Debug-Info-Readers.html#Using-JIT-Debug-Info-Readers">29.4.1 Using JIT Debug Info Readers</a> 652<li><a href="Writing-JIT-Debug-Info-Readers.html#Writing-JIT-Debug-Info-Readers">29.4.2 Writing JIT Debug Info Readers</a> 653</li></ul> 654</li></ul> 655<li><a name="toc_In_002dProcess-Agent" href="In_002dProcess-Agent.html#In_002dProcess-Agent">30 In-Process Agent</a> 656<ul> 657<li><a href="In_002dProcess-Agent-Protocol.html#In_002dProcess-Agent-Protocol">30.1 In-Process Agent Protocol</a> 658<ul> 659<li><a href="IPA-Protocol-Objects.html#IPA-Protocol-Objects">30.1.1 IPA Protocol Objects</a> 660<li><a href="IPA-Protocol-Commands.html#IPA-Protocol-Commands">30.1.2 IPA Protocol Commands</a> 661</li></ul> 662</li></ul> 663<li><a name="toc_GDB-Bugs" href="GDB-Bugs.html#GDB-Bugs">31 Reporting Bugs in <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 664<ul> 665<li><a href="Bug-Criteria.html#Bug-Criteria">31.1 Have You Found a Bug?</a> 666<li><a href="Bug-Reporting.html#Bug-Reporting">31.2 How to Report Bugs</a> 667</li></ul> 668<li><a name="toc_Command-Line-Editing" href="Command-Line-Editing.html#Command-Line-Editing">32 Command Line Editing</a> 669<ul> 670<li><a href="Introduction-and-Notation.html#Introduction-and-Notation">32.1 Introduction to Line Editing</a> 671<li><a href="Readline-Interaction.html#Readline-Interaction">32.2 Readline Interaction</a> 672<ul> 673<li><a href="Readline-Bare-Essentials.html#Readline-Bare-Essentials">32.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</a> 674<li><a href="Readline-Movement-Commands.html#Readline-Movement-Commands">32.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</a> 675<li><a href="Readline-Killing-Commands.html#Readline-Killing-Commands">32.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</a> 676<li><a href="Readline-Arguments.html#Readline-Arguments">32.2.4 Readline Arguments</a> 677<li><a href="Searching.html#Searching">32.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</a> 678</li></ul> 679<li><a href="Readline-Init-File.html#Readline-Init-File">32.3 Readline Init File</a> 680<ul> 681<li><a href="Readline-Init-File-Syntax.html#Readline-Init-File-Syntax">32.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</a> 682<li><a href="Conditional-Init-Constructs.html#Conditional-Init-Constructs">32.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</a> 683<li><a href="Sample-Init-File.html#Sample-Init-File">32.3.3 Sample Init File</a> 684</li></ul> 685<li><a href="Bindable-Readline-Commands.html#Bindable-Readline-Commands">32.4 Bindable Readline Commands</a> 686<ul> 687<li><a href="Commands-For-Moving.html#Commands-For-Moving">32.4.1 Commands For Moving</a> 688<li><a href="Commands-For-History.html#Commands-For-History">32.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</a> 689<li><a href="Commands-For-Text.html#Commands-For-Text">32.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</a> 690<li><a href="Commands-For-Killing.html#Commands-For-Killing">32.4.4 Killing And Yanking</a> 691<li><a href="Numeric-Arguments.html#Numeric-Arguments">32.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</a> 692<li><a href="Commands-For-Completion.html#Commands-For-Completion">32.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</a> 693<li><a href="Keyboard-Macros.html#Keyboard-Macros">32.4.7 Keyboard Macros</a> 694<li><a href="Miscellaneous-Commands.html#Miscellaneous-Commands">32.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</a> 695</li></ul> 696<li><a href="Readline-vi-Mode.html#Readline-vi-Mode">32.5 Readline vi Mode</a> 697</li></ul> 698<li><a name="toc_Using-History-Interactively" href="Using-History-Interactively.html#Using-History-Interactively">33 Using History Interactively</a> 699<ul> 700<li><a href="History-Interaction.html#History-Interaction">33.1 History Expansion</a> 701<ul> 702<li><a href="Event-Designators.html#Event-Designators">33.1.1 Event Designators</a> 703<li><a href="Word-Designators.html#Word-Designators">33.1.2 Word Designators</a> 704<li><a href="Modifiers.html#Modifiers">33.1.3 Modifiers</a> 705</li></ul> 706</li></ul> 707<li><a name="toc_In-Memoriam" href="In-Memoriam.html#In-Memoriam">Appendix A In Memoriam</a> 708<li><a name="toc_Formatting-Documentation" href="Formatting-Documentation.html#Formatting-Documentation">Appendix B Formatting Documentation</a> 709<li><a name="toc_Installing-GDB" href="Installing-GDB.html#Installing-GDB">Appendix C Installing <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 710<ul> 711<li><a href="Requirements.html#Requirements">C.1 Requirements for Building <span class="sc">gdb</span></a> 712<li><a href="Running-Configure.html#Running-Configure">C.2 Invoking the <span class="sc">gdb</span> <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> Script</a> 713<li><a href="Separate-Objdir.html#Separate-Objdir">C.3 Compiling <span class="sc">gdb</span> in Another Directory</a> 714<li><a href="Config-Names.html#Config-Names">C.4 Specifying Names for Hosts and Targets</a> 715<li><a href="Configure-Options.html#Configure-Options">C.5 <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> Options</a> 716<li><a href="System_002dwide-configuration.html#System_002dwide-configuration">C.6 System-wide configuration and settings</a> 717<ul> 718<li><a href="System_002dwide-Configuration-Scripts.html#System_002dwide-Configuration-Scripts">C.6.1 Installed System-wide Configuration Scripts</a> 719</li></ul> 720</li></ul> 721<li><a name="toc_Maintenance-Commands" href="Maintenance-Commands.html#Maintenance-Commands">Appendix D Maintenance Commands</a> 722<li><a name="toc_Remote-Protocol" href="Remote-Protocol.html#Remote-Protocol">Appendix E <span class="sc">gdb</span> Remote Serial Protocol</a> 723<ul> 724<li><a href="Overview.html#Overview">E.1 Overview</a> 725<li><a href="Standard-Replies.html#Standard-Replies">E.2 Standard Replies</a> 726<li><a href="Packets.html#Packets">E.3 Packets</a> 727<li><a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets">E.4 Stop Reply Packets</a> 728<li><a href="General-Query-Packets.html#General-Query-Packets">E.5 General Query Packets</a> 729<li><a href="Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details.html#Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details">E.6 Architecture-Specific Protocol Details</a> 730<ul> 731<li><a href="ARM_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details.html#ARM_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details">E.6.1 <acronym>ARM</acronym>-specific Protocol Details</a> 732<ul> 733<li><a href="ARM-Breakpoint-Kinds.html#ARM-Breakpoint-Kinds">E.6.1.1 <acronym>ARM</acronym> Breakpoint Kinds</a> 734</li></ul> 735<li><a href="MIPS_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details.html#MIPS_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details">E.6.2 <acronym>MIPS</acronym>-specific Protocol Details</a> 736<ul> 737<li><a href="MIPS-Register-packet-Format.html#MIPS-Register-packet-Format">E.6.2.1 <acronym>MIPS</acronym> Register Packet Format</a> 738<li><a href="MIPS-Breakpoint-Kinds.html#MIPS-Breakpoint-Kinds">E.6.2.2 <acronym>MIPS</acronym> Breakpoint Kinds</a> 739</li></ul> 740</li></ul> 741<li><a href="Tracepoint-Packets.html#Tracepoint-Packets">E.7 Tracepoint Packets</a> 742<ul> 743<li><a href="Tracepoint-Packets.html#Tracepoint-Packets">E.7.1 Relocate instruction reply packet</a> 744</li></ul> 745<li><a href="Host-I_002fO-Packets.html#Host-I_002fO-Packets">E.8 Host I/O Packets</a> 746<li><a href="Interrupts.html#Interrupts">E.9 Interrupts</a> 747<li><a href="Notification-Packets.html#Notification-Packets">E.10 Notification Packets</a> 748<li><a href="Remote-Non_002dStop.html#Remote-Non_002dStop">E.11 Remote Protocol Support for Non-Stop Mode</a> 749<li><a href="Packet-Acknowledgment.html#Packet-Acknowledgment">E.12 Packet Acknowledgment</a> 750<li><a href="Examples.html#Examples">E.13 Examples</a> 751<li><a href="File_002dI_002fO-Remote-Protocol-Extension.html#File_002dI_002fO-Remote-Protocol-Extension">E.14 File-I/O Remote Protocol Extension</a> 752<ul> 753<li><a href="File_002dI_002fO-Overview.html#File_002dI_002fO-Overview">E.14.1 File-I/O Overview</a> 754<li><a href="Protocol-Basics.html#Protocol-Basics">E.14.2 Protocol Basics</a> 755<li><a href="The-F-Request-Packet.html#The-F-Request-Packet">E.14.3 The <code>F</code> Request Packet</a> 756<li><a href="The-F-Reply-Packet.html#The-F-Reply-Packet">E.14.4 The <code>F</code> Reply Packet</a> 757<li><a href="The-Ctrl_002dC-Message.html#The-Ctrl_002dC-Message">E.14.5 The ‘<samp><span class="samp">Ctrl-C</span></samp>’ Message</a> 758<li><a href="Console-I_002fO.html#Console-I_002fO">E.14.6 Console I/O</a> 759<li><a href="List-of-Supported-Calls.html#List-of-Supported-Calls">E.14.7 List of Supported Calls</a> 760<ul> 761<li><a href="open.html#open">open</a> 762<li><a href="close.html#close">close</a> 763<li><a href="read.html#read">read</a> 764<li><a href="write.html#write">write</a> 765<li><a href="lseek.html#lseek">lseek</a> 766<li><a href="rename.html#rename">rename</a> 767<li><a href="unlink.html#unlink">unlink</a> 768<li><a href="stat_002ffstat.html#stat_002ffstat">stat/fstat</a> 769<li><a href="gettimeofday.html#gettimeofday">gettimeofday</a> 770<li><a href="isatty.html#isatty">isatty</a> 771<li><a href="system.html#system">system</a> 772</li></ul> 773<li><a href="Protocol_002dspecific-Representation-of-Datatypes.html#Protocol_002dspecific-Representation-of-Datatypes">E.14.8 Protocol-specific Representation of Datatypes</a> 774<ul> 775<li><a href="Integral-Datatypes.html#Integral-Datatypes">Integral Datatypes</a> 776<li><a href="Pointer-Values.html#Pointer-Values">Pointer Values</a> 777<li><a href="Memory-Transfer.html#Memory-Transfer">Memory Transfer</a> 778<li><a href="struct-stat.html#struct-stat">struct stat</a> 779<li><a href="struct-timeval.html#struct-timeval">struct timeval</a> 780</li></ul> 781<li><a href="Constants.html#Constants">E.14.9 Constants</a> 782<ul> 783<li><a href="Open-Flags.html#Open-Flags">Open Flags</a> 784<li><a href="mode_005ft-Values.html#mode_005ft-Values">mode_t Values</a> 785<li><a href="Errno-Values.html#Errno-Values">Errno Values</a> 786<li><a href="Lseek-Flags.html#Lseek-Flags">Lseek Flags</a> 787<li><a href="Limits.html#Limits">Limits</a> 788</li></ul> 789<li><a href="File_002dI_002fO-Examples.html#File_002dI_002fO-Examples">E.14.10 File-I/O Examples</a> 790</li></ul> 791<li><a href="Library-List-Format.html#Library-List-Format">E.15 Library List Format</a> 792<li><a href="Library-List-Format-for-SVR4-Targets.html#Library-List-Format-for-SVR4-Targets">E.16 Library List Format for SVR4 Targets</a> 793<li><a href="Memory-Map-Format.html#Memory-Map-Format">E.17 Memory Map Format</a> 794<li><a href="Thread-List-Format.html#Thread-List-Format">E.18 Thread List Format</a> 795<li><a href="Traceframe-Info-Format.html#Traceframe-Info-Format">E.19 Traceframe Info Format</a> 796<li><a href="Branch-Trace-Format.html#Branch-Trace-Format">E.20 Branch Trace Format</a> 797</li></ul> 798<li><a name="toc_Agent-Expressions" href="Agent-Expressions.html#Agent-Expressions">Appendix F The GDB Agent Expression Mechanism</a> 799<ul> 800<li><a href="General-Bytecode-Design.html#General-Bytecode-Design">F.1 General Bytecode Design</a> 801<li><a href="Bytecode-Descriptions.html#Bytecode-Descriptions">F.2 Bytecode Descriptions</a> 802<li><a href="Using-Agent-Expressions.html#Using-Agent-Expressions">F.3 Using Agent Expressions</a> 803<li><a href="Varying-Target-Capabilities.html#Varying-Target-Capabilities">F.4 Varying Target Capabilities</a> 804<li><a href="Rationale.html#Rationale">F.5 Rationale</a> 805</li></ul> 806<li><a name="toc_Target-Descriptions" href="Target-Descriptions.html#Target-Descriptions">Appendix G Target Descriptions</a> 807<ul> 808<li><a href="Retrieving-Descriptions.html#Retrieving-Descriptions">G.1 Retrieving Descriptions</a> 809<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2 Target Description Format</a> 810<ul> 811<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.1 Inclusion</a> 812<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.2 Architecture</a> 813<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.3 OS ABI</a> 814<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.4 Compatible Architecture</a> 815<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.5 Features</a> 816<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.6 Types</a> 817<li><a href="Target-Description-Format.html#Target-Description-Format">G.2.7 Registers</a> 818</li></ul> 819<li><a href="Predefined-Target-Types.html#Predefined-Target-Types">G.3 Predefined Target Types</a> 820<li><a href="Standard-Target-Features.html#Standard-Target-Features">G.4 Standard Target Features</a> 821<ul> 822<li><a href="AArch64-Features.html#AArch64-Features">G.4.1 AArch64 Features</a> 823<li><a href="ARM-Features.html#ARM-Features">G.4.2 ARM Features</a> 824<li><a href="i386-Features.html#i386-Features">G.4.3 i386 Features</a> 825<li><a href="MIPS-Features.html#MIPS-Features">G.4.4 <acronym>MIPS</acronym> Features</a> 826<li><a href="M68K-Features.html#M68K-Features">G.4.5 M68K Features</a> 827<li><a href="Nios-II-Features.html#Nios-II-Features">G.4.6 Nios II Features</a> 828<li><a href="PowerPC-Features.html#PowerPC-Features">G.4.7 PowerPC Features</a> 829<li><a href="TIC6x-Features.html#TIC6x-Features">G.4.8 TMS320C6x Features</a> 830</li></ul> 831</li></ul> 832<li><a name="toc_Operating-System-Information" href="Operating-System-Information.html#Operating-System-Information">Appendix H Operating System Information</a> 833<ul> 834<li><a href="Process-list.html#Process-list">H.1 Process list</a> 835</li></ul> 836<li><a name="toc_Trace-File-Format" href="Trace-File-Format.html#Trace-File-Format">Appendix I Trace File Format</a> 837<li><a name="toc_Index-Section-Format" href="Index-Section-Format.html#Index-Section-Format">Appendix J <code>.gdb_index</code> section format</a> 838<li><a name="toc_Man-Pages" href="Man-Pages.html#Man-Pages">Appendix K Manual pages</a> 839<li><a name="toc_Copying" href="Copying.html#Copying">Appendix L GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a> 840<li><a name="toc_GNU-Free-Documentation-License" href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">Appendix M GNU Free Documentation License</a> 841<li><a name="toc_Concept-Index" href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index">Concept Index</a> 842<li><a name="toc_Command-and-Variable-Index" href="Command-and-Variable-Index.html#Command-and-Variable-Index">Command, Variable, and Function Index</a> 843</li></ul> 844</div> 845 846 </body></html> 847 848