1<html lang="en"> 2<head> 3<title>GNU Free Documentation License - GNU Binary Utilities</title> 4<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> 5<meta name="description" content="GNU Binary Utilities"> 6<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13"> 7<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top"> 8<link rel="prev" href="Reporting-Bugs.html#Reporting-Bugs" title="Reporting Bugs"> 9<link rel="next" href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Binutils Index"> 10<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> 11<!-- 12Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 132000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 14Free Software Foundation, Inc. 15 16Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 17under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 18or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 19with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no 20Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the 21section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. 22 23--> 24<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> 25<style type="text/css"><!-- 26 pre.display { font-family:inherit } 27 pre.format { font-family:inherit } 28 pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } 29 pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } 30 pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } 31 pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } 32 span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } 33 span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } 34 span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } 35--></style> 36<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../cs.css"> 37</head> 38<body> 39<div class="node"> 40<a name="GNU-Free-Documentation-License"></a> 41<p> 42Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index">Binutils Index</a>, 43Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Reporting-Bugs.html#Reporting-Bugs">Reporting Bugs</a>, 44Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="index.html#Top">Top</a> 45<hr> 46</div> 47 48<h2 class="appendix">Appendix A GNU Free Documentation License</h2> 49 50<!-- The GNU Free Documentation License. --> 51<div align="center">Version 1.3, 3 November 2008</div> 52 53<!-- This file is intended to be included within another document, --> 54<!-- hence no sectioning command or @node. --> 55<pre class="display"> Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 56 <a href="http://fsf.org/">http://fsf.org/</a> 57 58 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 59 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 60</pre> 61 <ol type=1 start=0> 62<li>PREAMBLE 63 64 <p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other 65functional and useful document <dfn>free</dfn> in the sense of freedom: to 66assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, 67with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. 68Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way 69to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible 70for modifications made by others. 71 72 <p>This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative 73works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It 74complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft 75license designed for free software. 76 77 <p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free 78software, because free software needs free documentation: a free 79program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the 80software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; 81it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or 82whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License 83principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 84 85 <li>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 86 87 <p>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that 88contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be 89distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a 90world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that 91work under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below, 92refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a 93licensee, and is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you 94copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission 95under copyright law. 96 97 <p>A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the 98Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with 99modifications and/or translated into another language. 100 101 <p>A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section 102of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the 103publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall 104subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall 105directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in 106part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain 107any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical 108connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, 109commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding 110them. 111 112 <p>The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose titles 113are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice 114that says that the Document is released under this License. If a 115section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not 116allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero 117Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant 118Sections then there are none. 119 120 <p>The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are listed, 121as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that 122the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may 123be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. 124 125 <p>A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, 126represented in a format whose specification is available to the 127general public, that is suitable for revising the document 128straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of 129pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available 130drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or 131for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input 132to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file 133format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart 134or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. 135An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount 136of text. A copy that is not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”. 137 138 <p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain 139<span class="sc">ascii</span> without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input 140format, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or <acronym>XML</acronym> using a publicly available 141<acronym>DTD</acronym>, and standard-conforming simple <acronym>HTML</acronym>, 142PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> designed for human modification. Examples 143of transparent image formats include <acronym>PNG</acronym>, <acronym>XCF</acronym> and 144<acronym>JPG</acronym>. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be 145read and edited only by proprietary word processors, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or 146<acronym>XML</acronym> for which the <acronym>DTD</acronym> and/or processing tools are 147not generally available, and the machine-generated <acronym>HTML</acronym>, 148PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> produced by some word processors for 149output purposes only. 150 151 <p>The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, 152plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material 153this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in 154formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page” means 155the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, 156preceding the beginning of the body of the text. 157 158 <p>The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes copies 159of the Document to the public. 160 161 <p>A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document whose 162title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following 163text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a 164specific section name mentioned below, such as “Acknowledgements”, 165“Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve the Title” 166of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a 167section “Entitled XYZ” according to this definition. 168 169 <p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which 170states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty 171Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this 172License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other 173implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has 174no effect on the meaning of this License. 175 176 <li>VERBATIM COPYING 177 178 <p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either 179commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the 180copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies 181to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other 182conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use 183technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further 184copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept 185compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough 186number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. 187 188 <p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and 189you may publicly display copies. 190 191 <li>COPYING IN QUANTITY 192 193 <p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have 194printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the 195Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the 196copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover 197Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on 198the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify 199you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present 200the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and 201visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. 202Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve 203the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated 204as verbatim copying in other respects. 205 206 <p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit 207legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit 208reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent 209pages. 210 211 <p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering 212more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent 213copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy 214a computer-network location from which the general network-using 215public has access to download using public-standard network protocols 216a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. 217If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, 218when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure 219that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated 220location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an 221Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that 222edition to the public. 223 224 <p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the 225Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give 226them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. 227 228 <li>MODIFICATIONS 229 230 <p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under 231the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release 232the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified 233Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution 234and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy 235of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: 236 237 <ol type=A start=1> 238<li>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct 239from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions 240(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section 241of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version 242if the original publisher of that version gives permission. 243 244 <li>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities 245responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified 246Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the 247Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), 248unless they release you from this requirement. 249 250 <li>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the 251Modified Version, as the publisher. 252 253 <li>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. 254 255 <li>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications 256adjacent to the other copyright notices. 257 258 <li>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice 259giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the 260terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. 261 262 <li>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections 263and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. 264 265 <li>Include an unaltered copy of this License. 266 267 <li>Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, and add 268to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and 269publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If 270there is no section Entitled “History” in the Document, create one 271stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as 272given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified 273Version as stated in the previous sentence. 274 275 <li>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for 276public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise 277the network locations given in the Document for previous versions 278it was based on. These may be placed in the “History” section. 279You may omit a network location for a work that was published at 280least four years before the Document itself, or if the original 281publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. 282 283 <li>For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, Preserve 284the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the 285substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or 286dedications given therein. 287 288 <li>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, 289unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers 290or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. 291 292 <li>Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section 293may not be included in the Modified Version. 294 295 <li>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” or 296to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. 297 298 <li>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. 299 </ol> 300 301 <p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or 302appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material 303copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all 304of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the 305list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. 306These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. 307 308 <p>You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains 309nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various 310parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has 311been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a 312standard. 313 314 <p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a 315passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list 316of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of 317Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or 318through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already 319includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or 320by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, 321you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit 322permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. 323 324 <p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License 325give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or 326imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 327 328 <li>COMBINING DOCUMENTS 329 330 <p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this 331License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified 332versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the 333Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and 334list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its 335license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. 336 337 <p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and 338multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single 339copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but 340different contents, make the title of each such section unique by 341adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original 342author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. 343Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of 344Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. 345 346 <p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” 347in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled 348“History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, 349and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all 350sections Entitled “Endorsements.” 351 352 <li>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 353 354 <p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents 355released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this 356License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in 357the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for 358verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. 359 360 <p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute 361it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this 362License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all 363other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 364 365 <li>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 366 367 <p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate 368and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or 369distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright 370resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights 371of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. 372When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not 373apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves 374derivative works of the Document. 375 376 <p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these 377copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of 378the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on 379covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the 380electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. 381Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole 382aggregate. 383 384 <li>TRANSLATION 385 386 <p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may 387distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. 388Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special 389permission from their copyright holders, but you may include 390translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the 391original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a 392translation of this License, and all the license notices in the 393Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include 394the original English version of this License and the original versions 395of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between 396the translation and the original version of this License or a notice 397or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. 398 399 <p>If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, 400“Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve 401its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual 402title. 403 404 <li>TERMINATION 405 406 <p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document 407except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 408otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and 409will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 410 411 <p>However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license 412from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, 413unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally 414terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder 415fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 41660 days after the cessation. 417 418 <p>Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is 419reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the 420violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have 421received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that 422copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after 423your receipt of the notice. 424 425 <p>Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the 426licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under 427this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently 428reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does 429not give you any rights to use it. 430 431 <li>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE 432 433 <p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions 434of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new 435versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may 436differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See 437<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>. 438 439 <p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. 440If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this 441License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of 442following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or 443of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the 444Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version 445number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not 446as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document 447specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this 448License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a 449version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the 450Document. 451 452 <li>RELICENSING 453 454 <p>“Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC Site”) means any 455World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also 456provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A 457public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A 458“Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or “MMC”) contained in the 459site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC 460site. 461 462 <p>“CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 463license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit 464corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, 465California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license 466published by that same organization. 467 468 <p>“Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or 469in part, as part of another Document. 470 471 <p>An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under this 472License, and if all works that were first published under this License 473somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole 474or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, 475and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. 476 477 <p>The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site 478under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, 479provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. 480 481 </ol> 482 483<h3 class="heading">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h3> 484 485<p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of 486the License in the document and put the following copyright and 487license notices just after the title page: 488 489<pre class="smallexample"> Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>your name</var>. 490 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 491 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 492 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 493 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover 494 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU 495 Free Documentation License''. 496</pre> 497 <p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, 498replace the “with<small class="dots">...</small>Texts.” line with this: 499 500<pre class="smallexample"> with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with 501 the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts 502 being <var>list</var>. 503</pre> 504 <p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other 505combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the 506situation. 507 508 <p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we 509recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of 510free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, 511to permit their use in free software. 512 513<!-- Local Variables: --> 514<!-- ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" --> 515<!-- End: --> 516 </body></html> 517 518