Man page written by Bart De Schuymer <bdschuym@pandora.be>
It is based on the iptables man page.
The man page was edited, February 25th 2003, by
Greg Morgan <" dr_kludge_at_users_sourceforge_net >
Iptables page by Herve Eychenne March 2000.
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"ebtables " [ -t " table ] " -P " chain " ACCEPT " | " DROP " | " RETURN
"ebtables " [ -t " table ] " -F " [chain]"
"ebtables " [ -t " table ] " -Z " [chain]"
"ebtables " [ -t " table ] " -L " [" -Z "] [chain] [ [" --Ln "] | [" --Lx "] ] [" --Lc "] [" --Lmac2 ]
"ebtables " [ -t " table ] " -N " chain [" "-P ACCEPT " | " DROP " | " RETURN" ]
"ebtables " [ -t " table ] " -X " [chain]"
"ebtables " [ -t " table ] " -E " old-chain-name new-chain-name"
"ebtables " [ -t " table ] " --init-table
"ebtables " [ -t " table ] [" --atomic-file " file] " --atomic-commit
"ebtables " [ -t " table ] [" --atomic-file " file] " --atomic-init
"ebtables " [ -t " table ] [" --atomic-file " file] " --atomic-save
ACCEPT means to let the frame through. DROP means the frame has to be dropped. In the BROUTING " chain however, the " ACCEPT " and " DROP " target have different" meanings (see the info provided for the -t " option)." CONTINUE means the next rule has to be checked. This can be handy, f.e., to know how many frames pass a certain point in the chain, to log those frames or to apply multiple targets on a frame. RETURN means stop traversing this chain and resume at the next rule in the previous (calling) chain. For the extension targets please refer to the "TARGET EXTENSIONS" section of this man page.
"-t, --table"
filter is the default table and contains three built-in chains: INPUT (for frames destined for the bridge itself, on the level of the MAC destination address), OUTPUT (for locally-generated or (b)routed frames) and FORWARD (for frames being forwarded by the bridge).
nat is mostly used to change the mac addresses and contains three built-in chains: PREROUTING (for altering frames as soon as they come in), OUTPUT (for altering locally generated or (b)routed frames before they are bridged) and POSTROUTING (for altering frames as they are about to go out). A small note on the naming of chains PREROUTING and POSTROUTING: it would be more accurate to call them PREFORWARDING and POSTFORWARDING, but for all those who come from the iptables world to ebtables it is easier to have the same names. Note that you can change the name "" ( -E ) if you don't like the default.
broute is used to make a brouter, it has one built-in chain: BROUTING . The targets DROP " and " ACCEPT have a special meaning in the broute table (these names are used instead of more descriptive names to keep the implementation generic). DROP actually means the frame has to be routed, while ACCEPT means the frame has to be bridged. The BROUTING chain is traversed very early. However, it is only traversed by frames entering on a bridge port that is in forwarding state. Normally those frames would be bridged, but you can decide otherwise here. The redirect target is very handy here.
"-A, --append" Append a rule to the end of the selected chain.
"-D, --delete" Delete the specified rule or rules from the selected chain. There are two ways to use this command. The first is by specifying an interval of rule numbers to delete (directly after -D ). Syntax: start_nr[:end_nr] (use -L --Ln to list the rules with their rule number). When end_nr is omitted, all rules starting from start_nr are deleted. Using negative numbers is allowed, for more details about using negative numbers, see the -I command. The second usage is by specifying the complete rule as it would have been specified when it was added. Only the first encountered rule that is the same as this specified rule, in other words the matching rule with the lowest (positive) rule number, is deleted.
"-C, --change-counters" Change the counters of the specified rule or rules from the selected chain. There are two ways to use this command. The first is by specifying an interval of rule numbers to do the changes on (directly after -C ). Syntax: start_nr[:end_nr] (use -L --Ln to list the rules with their rule number). The details are the same as for the -D " command. The second usage is by" specifying the complete rule as it would have been specified when it was added. Only the counters of the first encountered rule that is the same as this specified rule, in other words the matching rule with the lowest (positive) rule number, are changed. In the first usage, the counters are specified directly after the interval specification, in the second usage directly after -C . First the packet counter is specified, then the byte counter. If the specified counters start with a '+', the counter values are added to the respective current counter values. If the specified counters start with a '-', the counter values are decreased from the respective current counter values. No bounds checking is done. If the counters don't start with '+' or '-', the current counters are changed to the specified counters.
"-I, --insert" Insert the specified rule into the selected chain at the specified rule number. If the rule number is not specified, the rule is added at the head of the chain. If the current number of rules equals N , then the specified number can be between -N " and " N+1 . For a positive number i , it holds that i " and " i-N-1 specify the same place in the chain where the rule should be inserted. The rule number 0 specifies the place past the last rule in the chain and using this number is therefore equivalent to using the -A " command." Rule numbers structly smaller than 0 can be useful when more than one rule needs to be inserted in a chain.
"-P, --policy" Set the policy for the chain to the given target. The policy can be ACCEPT ", " DROP " or " RETURN .
"-F, --flush" Flush the selected chain. If no chain is selected, then every chain will be flushed. Flushing a chain does not change the policy of the chain, however.
"-Z, --zero" Set the counters of the selected chain to zero. If no chain is selected, all the counters are set to zero. The "-Z" command can be used in conjunction with the "-L" command. When both the "-Z" and "-L" commands are used together in this way, the rule counters are printed on the screen before they are set to zero.
"-L, --list" List all rules in the selected chain. If no chain is selected, all chains are listed.
The following options change the output of the "-L" command.
"--Ln"
Places the rule number in front of every rule. This option is incompatible with the --Lx " option."
"--Lc"
Shows the counters at the end of each rule displayed by the "-L" command. Both a frame counter (pcnt) and a byte counter (bcnt) are displayed. The frame counter shows how many frames have matched the specific rule, the byte counter shows the sum of the frame sizes of these matching frames. Using this option "" "in combination with the " --Lx " option causes the counters to be written out" "" "in the '" -c " <pcnt> <bcnt>' option format."
"--Lx"
Changes the output so that it produces a set of ebtables commands that construct the contents of the chain, when specified. If no chain is specified, ebtables commands to construct the contents of the table are given, including commands for creating the user-defined chains (if any). You can use this set of commands in an ebtables boot or reload script. For example the output could be used at system startup. The "--Lx" option is incompatible with the "--Ln" listing option. Using the --Lx " option together with the " --Lc " option will cause the counters to be written out" "" "in the '" -c " <pcnt> <bcnt>' option format."
"--Lmac2"
Shows all MAC addresses with the same length, adding leading zeroes if necessary. The default representation omits leading zeroes in the addresses.
"-N, --new-chain" Create a new user-defined chain with the given name. The number of user-defined chains is limited only by the number of possible chain names. A user-defined chain name has a maximum length of 31 characters. The standard policy of the user-defined chain is ACCEPT. The policy of the new chain can be initialized to a different standard target by using the -P command together with the -N command. In this case, the chain name does not have to be specified for the -P command.
"-X, --delete-chain" Delete the specified user-defined chain. There must be no remaining references (jumps) to the specified chain, otherwise ebtables will refuse to delete it. If no chain is specified, all user-defined chains that aren't referenced will be removed.
"-E, --rename-chain" Rename the specified chain to a new name. Besides renaming a user-defined chain, you can rename a standard chain to a name that suits your taste. For example, if you like PREFORWARDING more than PREROUTING, then you can use the -E command to rename the PREROUTING chain. If you do rename one of the standard ebtables chain names, please be sure to mention this fact should you post a question on the ebtables mailing lists. It would be wise to use the standard name in your post. Renaming a standard ebtables chain in this fashion has no effect on the structure or functioning of the ebtables kernel table.
"--init-table" Replace the current table data by the initial table data.
"--atomic-init" Copy the kernel's initial data of the table to the specified file. This can be used as the first action, after which rules are added to the file. The file can be specified using the --atomic-file command or through the EBTABLES_ATOMIC_FILE " environment variable."
"--atomic-save" Copy the kernel's current data of the table to the specified file. This can be used as the first action, after which rules are added to the file. The file can be specified using the --atomic-file command or through the EBTABLES_ATOMIC_FILE " environment variable."
"--atomic-commit" Replace the kernel table data with the data contained in the specified file. This is a useful command that allows you to load all your rules of a certain table into the kernel at once, saving the kernel a lot of precious time and allowing atomic updates of the tables. The file which contains the table data is constructed by using either the "--atomic-init" or the "--atomic-save" command to generate a starting file. After that, using the "--atomic-file" command when constructing rules or setting the EBTABLES_ATOMIC_FILE " environment variable" allows you to extend the file and build the complete table before committing it to the kernel. This command can be very useful in boot scripts to populate the ebtables tables in a fast way.
"-V, --version" Show the version of the ebtables userspace program.
"-h, --help " "[list of module names]" Give a brief description of the command syntax. Here you can also specify names of extensions and ebtables will try to write help about those extensions. E.g. "ebtables -h snat log ip arp" . Specify list_extensions to list all extensions supported by the userspace utility.
"-j, --jump " "target" The target of the rule. This is one of the following values: ACCEPT , DROP , CONTINUE , RETURN , a target extension (see "TARGET EXTENSIONS" ")" or a user-defined chain name.
--atomic-file "file" Let the command operate on the specified file . The data of the table to operate on will be extracted from the file and the result of the operation will be saved back into the file. If specified, this option should come before the command specification. An alternative that should be preferred, is setting the EBTABLES_ATOMIC_FILE " environment variable."
-M, --modprobe "program" When talking to the kernel, use this program to try to automatically load missing kernel modules.
RULE SPECIFICATIONS The following command line arguments make up a rule specification (as used in the add and delete commands). A "!" option before the specification inverts the test for that specification. Apart from these standard rule specifications there are some other command line arguments of interest. See both the "MATCH EXTENSIONS" and the "WATCHER EXTENSIONS" below."-p, --protocol " "[!] protocol" The protocol that was responsible for creating the frame. This can be a hexadecimal number, above 0x0600 , a name (e.g. ARP ) or LENGTH . The protocol field of the Ethernet frame can be used to denote the length of the header (802.2/802.3 networks). When the value of that field is below or equals 0x0600 , the value equals the size of the header and shouldn't be used as a protocol number. Instead, all frames where the protocol field is used as the length field are assumed to be of the same 'protocol'. The protocol name used in ebtables for these frames is LENGTH .
The file /etc/ethertypes can be used to show readable characters instead of hexadecimal numbers for the protocols. For example, 0x0800 will be represented by IPV4 . The use of this file is not case sensitive. See that file for more information. The flag --proto is an alias for this option.
"-i, --in-interface " "[!] name" The interface (bridge port) via which a frame is received (this option is useful in the INPUT , FORWARD , PREROUTING " and " BROUTING chains). If the interface name ends with '+', then any interface name that begins with this name (disregarding '+') will match. The flag --in-if is an alias for this option.
"--logical-in " "[!] name" The (logical) bridge interface via which a frame is received (this option is useful in the INPUT , FORWARD , PREROUTING " and " BROUTING chains). If the interface name ends with '+', then any interface name that begins with this name (disregarding '+') will match.
"-o, --out-interface " "[!] name" The interface (bridge port) via which a frame is going to be sent (this option is useful in the OUTPUT , FORWARD and POSTROUTING chains). If the interface name ends with '+', then any interface name that begins with this name (disregarding '+') will match. The flag --out-if is an alias for this option.
"--logical-out " "[!] name" The (logical) bridge interface via which a frame is going to be sent (this option is useful in the OUTPUT , FORWARD and POSTROUTING chains). If the interface name ends with '+', then any interface name that begins with this name (disregarding '+') will match.
"-s, --source " "[!] address[/mask]" The source MAC address. Both mask and address are written as 6 hexadecimal numbers separated by colons. Alternatively one can specify Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast or BGA (Bridge Group Address):
"Unicast" "=00:00:00:00:00:00/01:00:00:00:00:00," "Multicast" "=01:00:00:00:00:00/01:00:00:00:00:00," "Broadcast" "=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff/ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff or" "BGA" "=01:80:c2:00:00:00/ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff." Note that a broadcast address will also match the multicast specification. The flag --src is an alias for this option.
"-d, --destination " "[!] address[/mask]" The destination MAC address. See -s (above) for more details on MAC addresses. The flag --dst is an alias for this option.
"-c, --set-counter " "pcnt bcnt" If used with -A " or " -I ", then the packet and byte counters of the new rule will be set to pcnt ", resp. " bcnt ". If used with the -C " or " -D " commands, only rules with a packet and byte count equal to" pcnt ", resp. " bcnt " will match."
"--802_3-sap " "[!] sap" DSAP and SSAP are two one byte 802.3 fields. The bytes are always equal, so only one byte (hexadecimal) is needed as an argument.
"--802_3-type " "[!] type" If the 802.3 DSAP and SSAP values are 0xaa then the SNAP type field must be consulted to determine the payload protocol. This is a two byte (hexadecimal) argument. Only 802.3 frames with DSAP/SSAP 0xaa are checked for type.
"--among-dst " "[!] list" Compare the MAC destination to the given list. If the Ethernet frame has type IPv4 " or " ARP , then comparison with MAC/IP destination address pairs from the list is possible.
"--among-src " "[!] list" Compare the MAC source to the given list. If the Ethernet frame has type IPv4 " or " ARP , then comparison with MAC/IP source address pairs from the list is possible.
"--among-dst-file " "[!] file" Same as --among-dst " but the list is read in from the specified file."
"--among-src-file " "[!] file" Same as --among-src " but the list is read in from the specified file."
"--arp-opcode " "[!] opcode" The (R)ARP opcode (decimal or a string, for more details see "ebtables -h arp" ).
"--arp-htype " "[!] hardware type" The hardware type, this can be a decimal or the string Ethernet (which sets type to 1). Most (R)ARP packets have Eternet as hardware type.
"--arp-ptype " "[!] protocol type" The protocol type for which the (r)arp is used (hexadecimal or the string IPv4 , denoting 0x0800). Most (R)ARP packets have protocol type IPv4.
"--arp-ip-src " "[!] address[/mask]" The (R)ARP IP source address specification.
"--arp-ip-dst " "[!] address[/mask]" The (R)ARP IP destination address specification.
"--arp-mac-src " "[!] address[/mask]" The (R)ARP MAC source address specification.
"--arp-mac-dst " "[!] address[/mask]" The (R)ARP MAC destination address specification.
"" "[!]" " --arp-gratuitous" Checks for ARP gratuitous packets: checks equality of IPv4 source address and IPv4 destination address inside the ARP header.
"--ip-source " "[!] address[/mask]" The source IP address. The flag --ip-src is an alias for this option.
"--ip-destination " "[!] address[/mask]" The destination IP address. The flag --ip-dst is an alias for this option.
"--ip-tos " "[!] tos" The IP type of service, in hexadecimal numbers. IPv4 .
"--ip-protocol " "[!] protocol" The IP protocol. The flag --ip-proto is an alias for this option.
"--ip-source-port " "[!] port1[:port2]" The source port or port range for the IP protocols 6 (TCP), 17 (UDP), 33 (DCCP) or 132 (SCTP). The --ip-protocol option must be specified as TCP ", " UDP ", " DCCP " or " SCTP . If port1 " is omitted, " 0:port2 " is used; if " port2 " is omitted but a colon is specified, " port1:65535 " is used." The flag --ip-sport is an alias for this option.
"--ip-destination-port " "[!] port1[:port2]" The destination port or port range for ip protocols 6 (TCP), 17 (UDP), 33 (DCCP) or 132 (SCTP). The --ip-protocol option must be specified as TCP ", " UDP ", " DCCP " or " SCTP . If port1 " is omitted, " 0:port2 " is used; if " port2 " is omitted but a colon is specified, " port1:65535 " is used." The flag --ip-dport is an alias for this option.
"--ip6-source " "[!] address[/mask]" The source IPv6 address. The flag --ip6-src is an alias for this option.
"--ip6-destination " "[!] address[/mask]" The destination IPv6 address. The flag --ip6-dst is an alias for this option.
"--ip6-tclass " "[!] tclass" The IPv6 traffic class, in hexadecimal numbers.
"--ip6-protocol " "[!] protocol" The IP protocol. The flag --ip6-proto is an alias for this option.
"--ip6-source-port " "[!] port1[:port2]" The source port or port range for the IPv6 protocols 6 (TCP), 17 (UDP), 33 (DCCP) or 132 (SCTP). The --ip6-protocol option must be specified as TCP ", " UDP ", " DCCP " or " SCTP . If port1 " is omitted, " 0:port2 " is used; if " port2 " is omitted but a colon is specified, " port1:65535 " is used." The flag --ip6-sport is an alias for this option.
"--ip6-destination-port " "[!] port1[:port2]" The destination port or port range for IPv6 protocols 6 (TCP), 17 (UDP), 33 (DCCP) or 132 (SCTP). The --ip6-protocol option must be specified as TCP ", " UDP ", " DCCP " or " SCTP . If port1 " is omitted, " 0:port2 " is used; if " port2 " is omitted but a colon is specified, " port1:65535 " is used." The flag --ip6-dport is an alias for this option.
"--limit " "[value]" Maximum average matching rate: specified as a number, with an optional /second ", " /minute ", " /hour ", or " /day " suffix; the default is " 3/hour .
"--limit-burst " "[number]" Maximum initial number of packets to match: this number gets recharged by one every time the limit specified above is not reached, up to this number; the default is 5 .
"--mark " "[!] [value][/mask]" Matches frames with the given unsigned mark value. If a value " and " mask " are specified, the logical AND of the mark value of the frame and" the user-specified mask " is taken before comparing it with the" user-specified mark value ". When only a mark " value " is specified, the packet" only matches when the mark value of the frame equals the user-specified mark value . If only a mask " is specified, the logical" AND of the mark value of the frame and the user-specified mask " is taken and the frame matches when the result of this logical AND is" non-zero. Only specifying a mask " is useful to match multiple mark values."
"--pkttype-type " "[!] type" Matches on the Ethernet "class" of the frame, which is determined by the generic networking code. Possible values: broadcast " (MAC destination is the broadcast address)," multicast " (MAC destination is a multicast address)," host " (MAC destination is the receiving network device), or " otherhost " (none of the above)."
"--stp-type " "[!] type" The BPDU type (0-255), recognized non-numerical types are config ", denoting a configuration BPDU (=0), and" tcn ", denothing a topology change notification BPDU (=128)."
"--stp-flags " "[!] flag" The BPDU flag (0-255), recognized non-numerical flags are topology-change ", denoting the topology change flag (=1), and" topology-change-ack ", denoting the topology change acknowledgement flag (=128)."
"--stp-root-prio " "[!] [prio][:prio]" The root priority (0-65535) range.
"--stp-root-addr " "[!] [address][/mask]" The root mac address, see the option -s " for more details."
"--stp-root-cost " "[!] [cost][:cost]" The root path cost (0-4294967295) range.
"--stp-sender-prio " "[!] [prio][:prio]" The BPDU's sender priority (0-65535) range.
"--stp-sender-addr " "[!] [address][/mask]" The BPDU's sender mac address, see the option -s " for more details."
"--stp-port " "[!] [port][:port]" The port identifier (0-65535) range.
"--stp-msg-age " "[!] [age][:age]" The message age timer (0-65535) range.
"--stp-max-age " "[!] [age][:age]" The max age timer (0-65535) range.
"--stp-hello-time " "[!] [time][:time]" The hello time timer (0-65535) range.
"--stp-forward-delay " "[!] [delay][:delay]" The forward delay timer (0-65535) range.
"--vlan-id " "[!] id" The VLAN identifier field (VID). Decimal number from 0 to 4095.
"--vlan-prio " "[!] prio" The user priority field, a decimal number from 0 to 7. The VID should be set to 0 ("null VID") or unspecified (in the latter case the VID is deliberately set to 0).
"--vlan-encap " "[!] type" The encapsulated Ethernet frame type/length. Specified as a hexadecimal number from 0x0000 to 0xFFFF or as a symbolic name from /etc/ethertypes .
"--log"
Log with the default loggin options: log-level= info , log-prefix="", no ip logging, no arp logging.
--log-level "level"
Defines the logging level. For the possible values, see "ebtables -h log" . The default level is info .
--log-prefix " text"
Defines the prefix text to be printed at the beginning of the line with the logging information.
--log-ip
Will log the ip information when a frame made by the ip protocol matches the rule. The default is no ip information logging.
--log-ip6
Will log the ipv6 information when a frame made by the ipv6 protocol matches the rule. The default is no ipv6 information logging.
--log-arp
Will log the (r)arp information when a frame made by the (r)arp protocols matches the rule. The default is no (r)arp information logging.
"--nflog"
Log with the default logging options
--nflog-group "nlgroup"
The netlink group (1 - 2^32-1) to which packets are (only applicable for nfnetlink_log). The default value is 1.
--nflog-prefix "prefix"
A prefix string to include in the log message, up to 30 characters long, useful for distinguishing messages in the logs.
--nflog-range "size"
The number of bytes to be copied to userspace (only applicable for nfnetlink_log). nfnetlink_log instances may specify their own range, this option overrides it.
--nflog-threshold "size"
Number of packets to queue inside the kernel before sending them to userspace (only applicable for nfnetlink_log). Higher values result in less overhead per packet, but increase delay until the packets reach userspace. The default value is 1.
"--ulog"
Use the default settings: ulog-prefix="", ulog-nlgroup=1, ulog-cprange=4096, ulog-qthreshold=1.
--ulog-prefix "text"
Defines the prefix included with the packets sent to userspace.
--ulog-nlgroup " group"
Defines which netlink group number to use (a number from 1 to 32). Make sure the netlink group numbers used for the iptables ULOG target differ from those used for the ebtables ulog watcher. The default group number is 1.
--ulog-cprange " range"
Defines the maximum copy range to userspace, for packets matching the rule. The default range is 0, which means the maximum copy range is given by nlbufsiz . A maximum copy range larger than 128*1024 is meaningless as the packets sent to userspace have an upper size limit of 128*1024.
--ulog-qthreshold " threshold"
Queue at most threshold number of packets before sending them to userspace with a netlink socket. Note that packets can be sent to userspace before the queue is full, this happens when the ulog kernel timer goes off (the frequency of this timer depends on flushtimeout ).
"--arpreply-mac " "address" Specifies the MAC address to reply with: the Ethernet source MAC and the ARP payload source MAC will be filled in with this address.
"--arpreply-target " "target" Specifies the standard target. After sending the ARP reply, the rule still has to give a standard target so ebtables knows what to do with the ARP request. The default target "" "is " DROP .
"--to-destination " "address"
Change the destination MAC address to the specified address . The flag --to-dst is an alias for this option.
"--dnat-target " "target"
Specifies the standard target. After doing the dnat, the rule still has to give a standard target so ebtables knows what to do with the dnated frame. The default target is ACCEPT . Making it CONTINUE " could let you use" multiple target extensions on the same frame. Making it DROP " only makes" sense in the BROUTING " chain but using the " redirect " target is more logical there. " RETURN " is also allowed. Note that using " RETURN in a base chain is not allowed (for obvious reasons).
"--mark-set " "value"
Mark the frame with the specified non-negative value .
"--mark-or " "value"
Or the frame with the specified non-negative value .
"--mark-and " "value"
And the frame with the specified non-negative value .
"--mark-xor " "value"
Xor the frame with the specified non-negative value .
"--mark-target " "target"
Specifies the standard target. After marking the frame, the rule still has to give a standard target so ebtables knows what to do. The default target is ACCEPT ". Making it " CONTINUE " can let you do other" things with the frame in subsequent rules of the chain.
"--redirect-target " "target"
Specifies the standard target. After doing the MAC redirect, the rule still has to give a standard target so ebtables knows what to do. The default target is ACCEPT ". Making it " CONTINUE " could let you use" multiple target extensions on the same frame. Making it DROP " in the " BROUTING " chain will let the frames be routed. " RETURN " is also allowed. Note" "" "that using " RETURN " in a base chain is not allowed."
"--to-source " "address"
Changes the source MAC address to the specified address ". The flag" --to-src is an alias for this option.
"--snat-target " "target"
Specifies the standard target. After doing the snat, the rule still has to give a standard target so ebtables knows what to do. "" "The default target is " ACCEPT ". Making it " CONTINUE " could let you use" "" "multiple target extensions on the same frame. Making it " DROP " doesn't" "" "make sense, but you could do that too. " RETURN " is also allowed. Note" "" "that using " RETURN " in a base chain is not allowed."
"--snat-arp "
Also change the hardware source address inside the arp header if the packet is an arp message and the hardware address length in the arp header is 6 bytes.
ebtables-devel@lists.sourceforge.net