/*
 * Copyright (c) 2010-2012 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 *
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
 * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
 * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
 * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
 * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
 *
 * Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
 *
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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 */
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/protosw.h>
#include <sys/mcache.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>

#include <net/route.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>

#if INET6
#include <netinet/ip6.h>
#endif
#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
#include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
#include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
#include <netinet/tcpip.h>
#include <netinet/tcp_cc.h>

#include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>

/* This file implements an alternate TCP congestion control algorithm
 * for background transport developed by LEDBAT working group at IETF and
 * described in draft: draft-ietf-ledbat-congestion-02
 */

int tcp_ledbat_init(struct tcpcb *tp);
int tcp_ledbat_cleanup(struct tcpcb *tp);
void tcp_ledbat_cwnd_init(struct tcpcb *tp);
void tcp_ledbat_inseq_ack_rcvd(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th);
void tcp_ledbat_ack_rcvd(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th);
void tcp_ledbat_pre_fr(struct tcpcb *tp);
void tcp_ledbat_post_fr(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th);
void tcp_ledbat_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp);
void tcp_ledbat_after_timeout(struct tcpcb *tp);
int tcp_ledbat_delay_ack(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th);
void tcp_ledbat_switch_cc(struct tcpcb *tp, uint16_t old_cc_index);

struct tcp_cc_algo tcp_cc_ledbat = {
	.name = "ledbat",
	.init = tcp_ledbat_init,
	.cleanup = tcp_ledbat_cleanup,
	.cwnd_init = tcp_ledbat_cwnd_init,
	.inseq_ack_rcvd = tcp_ledbat_inseq_ack_rcvd,
	.ack_rcvd = tcp_ledbat_ack_rcvd,
	.pre_fr = tcp_ledbat_pre_fr,
	.post_fr = tcp_ledbat_post_fr,
	.after_idle = tcp_ledbat_after_idle,
	.after_timeout = tcp_ledbat_after_timeout,
	.delay_ack = tcp_ledbat_delay_ack,
	.switch_to = tcp_ledbat_switch_cc
};

extern int tcp_do_rfc3465;
extern int tcp_do_rfc3465_lim2;
extern uint32_t get_base_rtt(struct tcpcb *tp);

/* Target queuing delay in milliseconds. This includes the processing 
 * and scheduling delay on both of the end-hosts. A LEDBAT sender tries 
 * to keep queuing delay below this limit. When the queuing delay
 * goes above this limit, a LEDBAT sender will start reducing the 
 * congestion window.
 *
 * The LEDBAT draft says that target queue delay MUST be 100 ms for 
 * inter-operability.
 */
int target_qdelay = 100;
SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, bg_target_qdelay, CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_LOCKED, 
	&target_qdelay , 100, "Target queuing delay");

/* Allowed increase and tether are used to place an upper bound on
 * congestion window based on the amount of data that is outstanding.
 * This will limit the congestion window when the amount of data in 
 * flight is little because the application is writing to the socket
 * intermittently and is preventing the connection from becoming idle . 
 *
 * max_allowed_cwnd = allowed_increase + (tether * flight_size)
 * cwnd = min(cwnd, max_allowed_cwnd)
 *
 * 'Allowed_increase' parameter is set to 8. If the flight size is zero, then
 * we want the congestion window to be at least 8 packets to reduce the
 * delay induced by delayed ack. This helps when the receiver is acking 
 * more than 2 packets at a time (stretching acks for better performance).
 * 
 * 'Tether' is also set to 2. We do not want this to limit the growth of cwnd
 * during slow-start.
 */ 
int allowed_increase = 8;
SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, bg_allowed_increase, CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_LOCKED, 
	&allowed_increase, 1, "Additive constant used to calculate max allowed congestion window");

/* Left shift for cwnd to get tether value of 2 */
int tether_shift = 1;
SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, bg_tether_shift, CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_LOCKED, 
	&tether_shift, 1, "Tether shift for max allowed congestion window");

/* Start with an initial window of 2. This will help to get more accurate 
 * minimum RTT measurement in the beginning. It will help to probe
 * the path slowly and will not add to the existing delay if the path is
 * already congested. Using 2 packets will reduce the delay induced by delayed-ack.
 */
uint32_t bg_ss_fltsz = 2;
SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, bg_ss_fltsz, CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_LOCKED,
	&bg_ss_fltsz, 2, "Initial congestion window for background transport");

extern int rtt_samples_per_slot;

static void update_cwnd(struct tcpcb *tp, uint32_t incr) {
	uint32_t max_allowed_cwnd = 0, flight_size = 0;
	uint32_t qdelay, base_rtt;
	int32_t off_target;

	base_rtt = get_base_rtt(tp);

	/* If we do not have a good RTT measurement yet, increment
	 * congestion window by the default value.  
	 */
	if (base_rtt == 0 || tp->t_rttcur == 0) {
		tp->snd_cwnd += incr;
		goto check_max;
	}
		
	qdelay = tp->t_rttcur - base_rtt;
	off_target = (int32_t)(target_qdelay - qdelay);

	if (off_target >= 0) {
		/* Delay decreased or remained the same, we can increase 
		 * the congestion window according to RFC 3465.
		 *
		 * Move background slow-start threshold to current
		 * congestion window so that the next time (after some idle
		 * period), we can attempt to do slow-start till here if there 
		 * is no increase in rtt
		 */
		if (tp->bg_ssthresh < tp->snd_cwnd)
			tp->bg_ssthresh = tp->snd_cwnd;
		tp->snd_cwnd += incr;	

	} else {
		/* In response to an increase in rtt, reduce the congestion 
		 * window by one-eighth. This will help to yield immediately 
		 * to a competing stream.
		 */
		uint32_t redwin;

		redwin = tp->snd_cwnd >> 3;  
		tp->snd_cwnd -= redwin;
		if (tp->snd_cwnd < bg_ss_fltsz * tp->t_maxseg)
			tp->snd_cwnd = bg_ss_fltsz * tp->t_maxseg;

		/* Lower background slow-start threshold so that the connection 
		 * will go into congestion avoidance phase
		 */
		if (tp->bg_ssthresh > tp->snd_cwnd)
			tp->bg_ssthresh = tp->snd_cwnd;
	}
check_max:
	/* Calculate the outstanding flight size and restrict the
	 * congestion window to a factor of flight size.
	 */
	flight_size = tp->snd_max - tp->snd_una;

	max_allowed_cwnd = (allowed_increase * tp->t_maxseg) 
		+ (flight_size << tether_shift);
	tp->snd_cwnd = min(tp->snd_cwnd, max_allowed_cwnd);
	return;
}

int tcp_ledbat_init(struct tcpcb *tp) {
#pragma unused(tp)
	OSIncrementAtomic((volatile SInt32 *)&tcp_cc_ledbat.num_sockets);
	return 0;
}

int tcp_ledbat_cleanup(struct tcpcb *tp) {
#pragma unused(tp)
	OSDecrementAtomic((volatile SInt32 *)&tcp_cc_ledbat.num_sockets);
	return 0;
}

/* Initialize the congestion window for a connection 
 * 
 */

void
tcp_ledbat_cwnd_init(struct tcpcb *tp) {
	tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg * bg_ss_fltsz;
	tp->bg_ssthresh = tp->snd_ssthresh;
}

/* Function to handle an in-sequence ack which is fast-path processing 
 * of an in sequence ack in tcp_input function (called as header prediction). 
 * This gets called only during congestion avoidance phase.
 */
void
tcp_ledbat_inseq_ack_rcvd(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th) {
	int acked = 0;
	u_int32_t incr = 0;

	acked = BYTES_ACKED(th, tp);
	tp->t_bytes_acked += acked;
	if (tp->t_bytes_acked > tp->snd_cwnd) {
		tp->t_bytes_acked -= tp->snd_cwnd;
		incr = tp->t_maxseg;
	}

	if (tp->snd_cwnd < tp->snd_wnd && incr > 0) {
		update_cwnd(tp, incr);
	}
}
/* Function to process an ack.
 */
void
tcp_ledbat_ack_rcvd(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th) {
	/*
	 * RFC 3465 - Appropriate Byte Counting.
	 *
	 * If the window is currently less than ssthresh,
	 * open the window by the number of bytes ACKed by
	 * the last ACK, however clamp the window increase
	 * to an upper limit "L".
	 *
	 * In congestion avoidance phase, open the window by
	 * one segment each time "bytes_acked" grows to be
	 * greater than or equal to the congestion window.
	 */

	register u_int cw = tp->snd_cwnd;
	register u_int incr = tp->t_maxseg;
	int acked = 0;

	acked = BYTES_ACKED(th, tp);
	tp->t_bytes_acked += acked;
	if (cw >= tp->bg_ssthresh) {
		/* congestion-avoidance */
		if (tp->t_bytes_acked < cw) {
			/* No need to increase yet. */
			incr = 0;
		}
	} else {
		/*
		 * If the user explicitly enables RFC3465
		 * use 2*SMSS for the "L" param.  Otherwise
		 * use the more conservative 1*SMSS.
		 *
		 * (See RFC 3465 2.3 Choosing the Limit)
		 */
		u_int abc_lim;

		abc_lim = (tcp_do_rfc3465_lim2 &&
			tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max) ? incr * 2 : incr;

		incr = lmin(acked, abc_lim);
	}
	if (tp->t_bytes_acked >= cw)
		tp->t_bytes_acked -= cw;
	if (incr > 0) 
		update_cwnd(tp, incr);
}

void
tcp_ledbat_pre_fr(struct tcpcb *tp) {
	uint32_t win;

	win = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd) / 
		2 / tp->t_maxseg;
	if ( win < 2 )
		win = 2;
	tp->snd_ssthresh = win * tp->t_maxseg; 
	if (tp->bg_ssthresh > tp->snd_ssthresh)
		tp->bg_ssthresh = tp->snd_ssthresh;

	tcp_cc_resize_sndbuf(tp);
}

void
tcp_ledbat_post_fr(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th) {
	int32_t ss;

	ss = tp->snd_max - th->th_ack;

	/*
	 * Complete ack.  Inflate the congestion window to
	 * ssthresh and exit fast recovery.
	 *
	 * Window inflation should have left us with approx.
	 * snd_ssthresh outstanding data.  But in case we
	 * would be inclined to send a burst, better to do
	 * it via the slow start mechanism.
	 *
	 * If the flight size is zero, then make congestion 
	 * window to be worth at least 2 segments to avoid 
	 * delayed acknowledgement (draft-ietf-tcpm-rfc3782-bis-05).
	 */
	if (ss < (int32_t)tp->snd_ssthresh)
		tp->snd_cwnd = max(ss, tp->t_maxseg) + tp->t_maxseg;
	else
		tp->snd_cwnd = tp->snd_ssthresh;
	tp->t_bytes_acked = 0;
}

/*
 * Function to handle connections that have been idle for
 * some time. Slow start to get ack "clock" running again.
 * Clear base history after idle time.
 */
void
tcp_ledbat_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp) {
	int32_t n = N_RTT_BASE, i = (N_RTT_BASE - 1);

	/* Decide how many base history entries have to be cleared 
	 * based on how long the connection has been idle.
	 */
	
	if (tp->t_rttcur > 0) {
		int32_t nrtt, idle_time;

		idle_time = tcp_now - tp->t_rcvtime;
		nrtt = idle_time / tp->t_rttcur; 
		n = nrtt / rtt_samples_per_slot;
		if (n > N_RTT_BASE)
			n = N_RTT_BASE;
	}
	for (i = (N_RTT_BASE - 1); n > 0; --i, --n) {
		tp->rtt_hist[i] = 0;
	}
	for (n = (N_RTT_BASE - 1); i >= 0; --i, --n) {
		tp->rtt_hist[n] = tp->rtt_hist[i];
		tp->rtt_hist[i] = 0;
	}
	
	/* Reset the congestion window */
	tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg * bg_ss_fltsz;
}

/* Function to change the congestion window when the retransmit 
 * timer fires. The behavior is the same as that for best-effort
 * TCP, reduce congestion window to one segment and start probing
 * the link using "slow start". The slow start threshold is set
 * to half of the current window. Lower the background slow start
 * threshold also.
 */
void
tcp_ledbat_after_timeout(struct tcpcb *tp) {
	if (tp->t_state >=  TCPS_ESTABLISHED) {
		u_int win = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd) / 2 / tp->t_maxseg;
		if (win < 2)
			win = 2;
		tp->snd_ssthresh = win * tp->t_maxseg;

		if (tp->bg_ssthresh > tp->snd_ssthresh)
			tp->bg_ssthresh = tp->snd_ssthresh;

		tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
		tcp_cc_resize_sndbuf(tp);
	}
}

/*
 * Indicate whether this ack should be delayed.
 * We can delay the ack if:
 *      - our last ack wasn't a 0-sized window.
 *      - the peer hasn't sent us a TH_PUSH data packet: if he did, take this 
 * 	as a clue that we need to ACK without any delay. This helps higher 
 *	level protocols who won't send us more data even if the window is 
 * 	open because their last "segment" hasn't been ACKed
 * Otherwise the receiver will ack every other full-sized segment or when the
 * delayed ack timer fires. This will help to generate better rtt estimates for 
 * the other end if it is a ledbat sender.
 * 
 */

int
tcp_ledbat_delay_ack(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th) {
	/* If any flag other than TH_ACK is set, set "end-of-write" bit */
	if (th->th_flags & ~TH_ACK)
		tp->t_flagsext |= TF_STREAMEOW;
	else
		tp->t_flagsext &= ~(TF_STREAMEOW);

	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_RXWIN0SENT) == 0 &&
		(th->th_flags & TH_PUSH) == 0 &&
		(tp->t_unacksegs == 1))
		return(1);
	return(0);
}

/* Change a connection to use ledbat. First, lower bg_ssthresh value
 * if it needs to be. 
 */
void
tcp_ledbat_switch_cc(struct tcpcb *tp, uint16_t old_cc_index) {
#pragma unused(old_cc_index)
	uint32_t cwnd;

	if (tp->bg_ssthresh == 0 || tp->bg_ssthresh > tp->snd_ssthresh)
		tp->bg_ssthresh = tp->snd_ssthresh;

	cwnd = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd);

	if (tp->snd_cwnd > tp->bg_ssthresh)
		cwnd = cwnd / tp->t_maxseg;
	else
		cwnd = cwnd / 2 / tp->t_maxseg;

	if (cwnd < bg_ss_fltsz)
		cwnd = bg_ss_fltsz;

	tp->snd_cwnd = cwnd * tp->t_maxseg;
	tp->t_bytes_acked = 0;

	OSIncrementAtomic((volatile SInt32 *)&tcp_cc_ledbat.num_sockets);
}