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% @(#)umserrors.tex	1.10 96/01/08
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% {\eclipse} Documentation
%
% umserrors.tex
%
% REL	DATE	AUTHOR		DESCRIPTION
% 2.10	060490	Eamon Falvey	Update for latex..
% 3.0	160590	Joachim Schimpf	Update for 3.0
% 3.0	020690	Micha Meier	Including the generated errors
%
%	Use the gen_errors/0 procedure in the file gen_error.pl
%	to generate the input files.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\chapter{Events}
%HEVEA\cutdef[1]{section}
\label{errors}
\label{chaperrors}

We list here the {\eclipse} event types together with the default
event handlers and their description.
\index{event handlers}\index{handler!event}
\index{error handlers}\index{handler!error}
Unless otherwise specified, the arguments that the system passes
to the event handler are

\vspace{0.3cm}
\noindent
\begin{tabular}{p{4cm}p{4cm}p{4cm}}
\heading{First Argument} & \heading{Second Argument}
                                                  & \heading{Third Argument} \\
\hline
Event number & Culprit goal & Caller Module \\
\end{tabular}

\vspace{0.3cm}
\noindent
If the caller module is unknown, a free variable is passed.

%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Event Types}
%The types of events can be classified into the following sections:
%\begin{itemize}
%\item Argument Types and Values, Arithmetic
%\item Data and Memory Areas, Predicates, Modules, Operators
%\item Run-Time System, Compilation, Execution, Top-Level
%\item Macro transformation errors.
%\item I/O, Operating System, External Interface
%\item Advanced Features, Extensions, Debugging
%\item User-Defined Events
%\end{itemize}

\subsection{Argument Types and Values}
\begin{tabular}{|p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{5cm}|}
\hline
\heading{Event} & \heading{Event Type} & \heading{Default Event Handler}\\
\hline
\input{err0.tex}
\hline
\end{tabular}

\vfill %<<<<<<<<<<<

\subsection{Arithmetic, Environment}
\begin{tabular}{|p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{5cm}|}
\hline
\heading{Event} & \heading{Event Type} & \heading{Default Event Handler}\\
\hline
\input{err1.tex}
\hline
\end{tabular}

\vspace*{\fill}


\subsection{Data and Memory Areas, Predicates, Operators}
\begin{tabular}{|p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{5.4cm}|}
\hline
\heading{Event} & \heading{Event Type} & \heading{Default Event Handler}\\
\hline
\input{err2.tex}
\hline
\end{tabular}

\subsection{Modules, Visibility}
\begin{tabular}{|p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{5.4cm}|}
\hline
\heading{Event} & \heading{Event Type} & \heading{Default Event Handler}\\
\hline
\input{err3.tex}
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vspace{0.5cm}

\vfill %<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

\subsection{Syntax Errors, Parsing}
\begin{tabular}{|p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{4.5cm}|}
\hline
\heading{Event} & \heading{Event Type} & \heading{Default Event Handler}\\
\hline
\input{err4.tex}
\hline
\end{tabular}

\vfill %<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<


\subsection{Compilation, Run-Time System, Execution}
\begin{tabular}{|p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{4.5cm}|}
\hline
\heading{Event} & \heading{Event Type} & \heading{Default Event Handler}\\
\hline
\input{err5.tex}
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vspace{0.5cm}

\noindent
The handlers for these events receive the following arguments:

\noindent
\begin{tabular}{p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{4.5cm}}
\heading{Event} & \heading{Second Argument} & \heading{Third Argument}\\
\hline
130 & Culprit clause & Module \\
131 & Culprit clause & Module \\
132 & Culprit clause & Module \\
133 & Library name (string) & undefined \\
134 & Procedure Name/Arity & Module \\
135 & Procedure Name/Arity & Module \\
136 & Procedure Name/Arity & Module \\
137 & Procedure Name/Arity & Module \\
138 & Variable name (atom) & undefined \\
139 & (File, Size, Time), see below & Module\\
140 & 'Emulate' & undefined \\
141 & Goal & Module \\
142 & Goal & Module \\
143 & Goal & Module \\
144 & Goal (if an execution error) or Culprit clause (if compiler error) &
      Module \\
145 & (Name/Arity, OldFile, NewFile) & Module \\
146 & File & Module \\
147 & File\\
148 & Clause & Module \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\newpage
\noindent
The second argument for the event 139 depends on the predicate
where it was raised:
\begin{itemize}
\item
  \biprefni{compile/1,2}{../bips/kernel/compiler/compile-1.html}%
\indextt{compile/1}\indextt{compile/2}
  - (file name, code size, compile time)
\item
  \bipref{compile_stream/1}{../bips/kernel/compiler/compile_stream-1.html} -
  ('string', code size, compile time) with a string stream
\item
  \bipref{compile_stream/1}{../bips/kernel/compiler/compile_stream-1.html} -
  (file name, code size, compile time) with a stream associated to a file
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Top-Level}
\begin{tabular}{|p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{4.5cm}|}
\hline
\heading{Event} & \heading{Event Type} & \heading{Default Event Handler}\\
\hline
\input{err6.tex}
\hline
\end{tabular}

\vspace{0.5cm}
These events are not errors but rather hooks to allow users to modify
the behaviour of the {\eclipse} toplevel.
Therefore the arguments that are passed to the handler are not the
erroneous goal and the caller module but defined as follows:

\noindent
\begin{tabular}{p{1.2cm}p{8.5cm}p{4.5cm}}
\heading{Event} & \heading{Second Argument} & \heading{Third Argument}\\
\hline
150 & A free variable. If the handler binds the variable
to an atom, this name is used as the toplevel module name
& undefined \\
151 & undefined  & undefined \\
152 & The argument is the number that {\eclipse} will return to the
operating system & undefined \\
153 & current toplevel module & current toplevel module \\
154 & a structure of the form
\begin{center}
\notation{goal(\pattern{Goal},%
~\pattern{VarList},~\pattern{NewGoal},~\pattern{NewVarList})},
\end{center}
where \about{Goal} is the goal that is about to be executed and \about{VarList}
is the list
that associates the variables in \about{Goal} with their names
(like in \bipref{readvar/3}{../bips/kernel/ioterm/readvar-3.html}).
\about{NewGoal} and \about{NewVarList} are free variables. If the handler binds
\about{NewVarList}
then the toplevel will use \about{NewGoal} and \about{NewVarList} to replace
\about{Goal} and \about{VarList}
in the current query.
& current toplevel module \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\newpage
\begin{tabular}{p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{4.5cm}}
\heading{Event} & \heading{Second Argument} & \heading{Third Argument}\\
\hline
155 & A list associating the variable names with their values after the
query has been executed.
& current toplevel module \\
156 & An atom stating the answer to the query that was just executed.
The possible values are: \notation{yes}, \notation{last_yes} or \notation{no}
if the query had no variables,
\notation{more_answers}, \notation{last_answer} if the query contained
variables and
bindings were printed, \notation{no_answer} if a query containing variables
failed.
& current toplevel module \\
157 & undefined & undefined \\
158 & break level & current toplevel module \\
159 & break level & current toplevel module \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\medskip

When the handler for event 152 (``end of eclipse execution'') calls
\bipref{throw/1}{../bips/kernel/control/throw-1.html},
{\eclipse}
is not exited. This is a way to prevent
accidental exits from the system. Failure of the handler is ignored.

\subsection{Macro Transformation Errors, Lexical Analyser}
\begin{tabular}{|p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{5.4cm}|}
\hline
\heading{Event} & \heading{Event Type} & \heading{Default Event Handler}\\
\hline
\input{err7.tex}
\hline
\end{tabular}

\medskip
The event 164 is raised whenever the toplevel loop is restarted.
\medskip

\noindent
\begin{tabular}{p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{4.5cm}}
\heading{Event} & \heading{Second Argument} & \heading{Third Argument}\\
\hline
164 & the banner string \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vspace*{\fill}

\subsection{I/O, Operating System, External Interface}
\begin{tabular}{|p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{4.5cm}|}
\hline
\heading{Event} & \heading{Event Type} & \heading{Default Event Handler}\\
\hline
\input{err8.tex}
\hline
\end{tabular}

\vfill %<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

\subsection{Debugging, Object Files}
\begin{tabular}{|p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{4.5cm}|}
\hline
\heading{Event} & \heading{Event Type} & \heading{Default Event Handler}\\
\hline
\input{err9.tex}
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vspace{0.5cm}

These handlers receive special arguments:

\noindent
\begin{tabular}{p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{4.5cm}}
\heading{Event} & \heading{Second Argument} & \heading{Third Argument}\\
\hline
252 & trace_line\{port:Port,frame:Frame\} & undefined \\
264 & (File, [], []) & undefined \\
265 & (File, [], []) & undefined \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vspace*{\fill}

\subsection{Extensions}
\begin{tabular}{|p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{4.5cm}|}
\hline
\heading{Event} & \heading{Event Type} & \heading{Default Event Handler}\\
\hline
\input{err10.tex}
\hline
\end{tabular}

\vspace{0.5cm}

The handlers for these events receive the following arguments:

\noindent
\begin{tabular}{p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{4.5cm}}
\heading{Event} & \heading{Second Argument} & \heading{Third Argument}\\
\hline
272 & Culprit clause & Module \\
273 & list of sleeping suspensions & undefined \\
280 & Cost, Goal & undefined \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\section{Stack Overflows}
\index{stack!overflow}
\index{overflow, stack}
When a stack overflows, the system performs a
\bipref{throw/1}{../bips/kernel/control/throw-1.html}
with an appropriate exit tag, i.e.,
\begin{description}
\item[global_trail_overflow] for overflows of the global/trail stack
	that holds all the program's data structures.
\item[local_control_overflow] for overflows of the local/control stack
	that holds information related to the control flow.
\end{description}
These exits can be caught by wrapping a goal that is likely
to overflow the stacks into an appropriate
\bipref{catch/3}{../bips/kernel/control/catch-3.html}, e.g.,
\begin{quote}
\begin{verbatim}
..., catch(big_goal(X), global_trail_overflow, react_to_overflow), ...
\end{verbatim}
\end{quote}
In the debugger, you can locate the overflow by jumping to a LEAVE port
(z command).
See chapter \ref{chapmemory} for more details on memory usage.


\section{{\eclipse} Fatal Errors}

\index{fatal errors}\index{error!fatal}
A fatal error cannot be caught by the user.
When they occur, the system performs a warm restart.
The following fatal errors may be generated by {\eclipse}:
\begin{description}
\item[*** Fatal error: Out of memory - no more swap space]
The available memory (usually swap space) on the computer has been used up
either by the application or some external process.

\item[*** Fatal error: Internal error - memory corrupted]
This signals an inconsistency in the system's internal data structures.
The reason can be either a bug in the {\eclipse} system itself or in an
external predicate provided by the user.

\end{description}

\section{User-Defined Events}
User-defined events should use atomic event names rather than numbers.
See the description of
\bipref{set_event_handler/2}{../bips/kernel/event/set_event_handler-2.html}.


%\section{System Event Handlers}
%\index{error handlers}
%In the tables above the default event handlers for all the events are
%given. Here follows a short description of these handlers.
%Some of them only print error massages. Those can easily be redefined
%by the user.
%Others do more complex things to achieve a certain behaviour of
%the {\eclipse} system. If those are redefined by the user, this may have
%unexpected results.
%Note that the default handler can always be called (even while the active
%handler is redefined) by using
%\begin{verbatim}
%    error(default(Number), Goal [, Module])
%\end{verbatim}
%It is therefore not necessary to know the names of the default handlers.
%Moreover, most of them are not accessible for the user.
%\begin{description}
%\item[close_handler/2]
%\index{close_handler/2}
%prevents system stream from being closed.
%If an attempt is made to close a stream that a system stream
%is redirected to, the system stream is first reset to its standard value.
%
%\item[autoload_handler/3]
%\index{autoload_handler/3}
%Load the appropriate library and recall the autoloaded goal.
%
%\item[compare_handler/3]
%\index{compare_handler/3}
%applies arithmetic evaluation to the first two arguments of the goal,
%then re-calls the culprit goal with the evaluated arguments.
%
%\item[compiler_error_handler/2]
%\index{compiler_error_handler/2}
%prints error message with relevant line, then fails.
%
%\item[compiled_file_handler/2]
%\index{compiled_file_handler/2}
%prints the message about compiled or dumped file,
%possible with size and time indication
%
%\item[compiler_abort_handler/2]
%\index{compiler_abort_handler/2}
%prints the error message with the file name.
%If it can find out the line number, it is printed as well.
%
%\item[compiler_warning_handler/2]
%\index{compiler_warning_handler/2}
%prints error message with relevant line, then succeeds.
%
%\item[delayed_goals_handler/3]
%\index{delayed_goals_handler/3}
%prints a list of delayed goals and succeeds.
%
%\item[dynamic_handler/3]
%\index{dynamic_handler/3}
%retracts all clauses of the predicate that is already dynamic and succeeds.
%
%\item[eof_handler/2]
%\index{eof_handler/2}
%takes the appropriate action for reaching end of file,
%depending on the culprit goal, e.g., binding the result to {\bf end_of_file}
%if the goal was \bipref{read/1}{../bips/kernel/ioterm/read-1.html}.
%The handler fails for unknown goals.
%
%\item[error_handler/2]
%\index{error_handler/2}
%prints the error message and the culprit.
%Then it raises the event 157 (error exit) which by default
%aborts via {\bf throw(abort)}.
%
%\item[error_handler/3]
%\index{error_handler/3}
%used for errors inside tools.
%It is like {\bf error_handler/2} but it also prints the module
%used by the culprit.
%
%\item[integer_overflow_handler/2]
%\index{integer_overflow_handler/2}
%redo an overflowed word-sized-integer arithmetic operation with bignums.
%
%\item[locked_access_handler/2]
%\index{locked_access_handler/2}
%allows certain goals to be executed in spite of the module lock.
%
%\item[macro_handler/3]
%\index{macro_handler/3}
%prints a warning and redefines a macro.
%
%\item[make_array_handler/3]
%\index{make_array_handler/3}
%If the
%error number is 42 (redefining an existing array), it prints the warning,
%erases the existing array and replaces it by a new one.
%Otherwise, it calls the default handler.
%
%\item[message_handler/2]
%\index{message_handler/2}
%prints the error message followed by the second argument onto toplevel_output
%and succeeds.
%Note that the second argument is not necessarily the culprit goal,
%but rather just a string to be printed.
%This handler is used for events which are not errors.
%
%\item[output_error_handler/2]
%\index{output_error_handler/2}
%closes a related stream if necessary and calls {\bf system_error_handler/2}.
%
%\item[parser_error_handler/1]
%\index{parser_error_handler/1}
%prints the faulty input line and the corresponding error message, then fails.
%Used when the culprit is not important and when no abort should occur.
%
%\item[past_eof_handler/2]
%\index{past_eof_handler/2}
%closes the stream that has been read past end of file, then calls
%{\bf error_handler/2}.
%
%\item[system_error_handler/2]
%\index{system_error_handler/2}
%gets the operating system error number (from {\tt errno})
%and prints the corresponding
%error message.
%Then it raises the event 157 (error exit) which by default
%aborts via {\bf throw(abort)}.
%
%\item[undef_array_handler/3]
%\index{undef_array_handler/3}
%If the culprit was
%\bipref{setval/2}{../bips/kernel/storage/setval-2.html} with an atom as
%first argument, a local non-logical variable of that name is created using
%\bipref{variable/1}{../bips/kernel/storage/variable-1.html} and
%the culprit is re-called.  Otherwise like {\bf error_handler/2}.
%
%\item[undef_dynamic_handler/3]
%\index{undef_dynamic_handler/2}
%when a non-dynamic clause has been asserted, it makes it dynamic
%(if possible), then asserts it.
%
%\item[warning_handler/2]
%\index{warning_handler/2}
%prints the error message and the culprit and succeeds.
%
%\end{description}
%
%\section{System Interrupt Handlers}
%\index{interrupt handlers}
%Some of the signals (interrupts) are handled by built-in predicates
%\bipref{halt/0}{../bips/kernel/opsys/halt-0.html}, \bipref{abort/0}{../bips/kernel/control/abort-0.html} and \bipref{true/0}{../bips/kernel/control/true-0.html},
%others have special handlers:
%
%\begin{description}
%\item[interrupt_prolog/0]
%\index{interrupt_prolog/0}
%asks the user what to do - abort, start a break level, debug, continue or exit.
%
%\item[it_handler/0]
%\index{it_handler/0}
%only prints the signal number to the {\tt error} stream.
%
%\item[it_overflow/0]
%\index{it_overflow/0}
%prints the message "Segmentation violation - maybe machine stack overflow"
%and makes a warm restart.
%
%\item[it_reset/0]
%\index{it_reset/0}
%makes a warm restart.
%\end{description}

%HEVEA\cutend