This lab project contains a new testcase \verb+ata_rw28_test+ to test the
Flounder-generated interface for \acs{ata} in LBA28 addressing mode. This
chapter walks through its code to demonstrate the steps needed to access disks
using the Flounder backend.

The application first initializes the necessary bindings and \acs{rpc} client.
It then uses the \acs{rpc} wrapper around the Flounder-based ATA interface
geared towards LBA28 addressing mode. The test itself is performed by writing
\lstinline+0xdeadbeef+ in multiple 512 byte blocks and verifying that the data
is actually written to disk by reading it back and checking the contents. The
test concludes with releasing the port.

\section{Datastructures}

To be able to perform \acs{rpc} calls to read from or write to the disk, an
\lstinline+ahci_binding+ as well as an \lstinline+ahci_ata_rw28_binding+ and an
\lstinline+ata_rw28_rpc_client+ are necessary.  \lstinline+ata_rw28_test+
defines these as global variables out of convenience:

\begin{lstlisting}
struct ahci_ata_rw28_binding ahci_ata_rw28_binding;
struct ata_rw28_rpc_client ata_rw28_rpc;
struct ata_rw28_binding *ata_rw28_binding = NULL;
struct ahci_binding *ahci_binding = NULL;
\end{lstlisting}

The required header files are:

\begin{lstlisting}
#include <barrelfish/barrelfish.h>
#include <barrelfish/waitset.h>
#include <if/ata_rw28_defs.h>
#include <if/ata_rw28_ahci_defs.h>
#include <if/ata_rw28_rpcclient_defs.h>
\end{lstlisting}

\section{Initialization}

First, we need to initialize the \acs{dma} pool which is used to manage frames
that are mapped uncached and are therefore suitable for \acs{dma} transfers. We
initialize the pool to be 1MB in size:

\begin{lstlisting}
ahci_dma_pool_init(1024*1024);
\end{lstlisting}

Next, we need to initialize \verb+libahci+ and specify which \ac{ahci} port we
want to use. For simplicity, we use port $0$ which is the first device
detected. To achieve blocking behaviour, we enter a spinloop and wait for the
callback from \verb+ahcid+:

\begin{lstlisting}
err = ahci_init(0, ahci_bind_cb, NULL, get_default_waitset());
if (err_is_fail(err) || 
    err_is_fail(err=wait_bind((void**)&ahci_binding))) {
    USER_PANIC_ERR(err, "ahci_init");
}
\end{lstlisting}

The callback \lstinline+ahci_bind_cb+ simply sets the global
\lstinline+ahci_binding+ and \lstinline+wait_bind+ waits for this global to be
set:

\begin{lstlisting}
static void ahci_bind_cb(void *st, 
    errval_t err, struct ahci_binding *_binding)
{
    bind_err = err;
    if (err_is_ok(err)) {
        ahci_binding = _binding;
    }
}

static errval_t wait_bind(void **bind_p)
{
    while (!*bind_p && err_is_ok(bind_err)) {
        messages_wait_and_handle_next();
    }
    return bind_err;
}
\end{lstlisting}

The \acs{rpc} client can be constructed by first initializing the
\lstinline+ata_rw28+ binding and then building an \acs{rpc} client on top of
it. The pointer to the binding is stored for convenience as it is used
frequently:

\begin{lstlisting}
err = ahci_ata_rw28_init(&ahci_ata_rw28_binding, get_default_waitset(), 
    ahci_binding);
if (err_is_fail(err)) {
    USER_PANIC_ERR(err, "ahci_ata_rw28_init");
}

ata_rw28_binding = (struct ata_rw28_binding*)&ahci_ata_rw28_binding;

err = ata_rw28_rpc_client_init(&ata_rw28_rpc, ata_rw28_binding);
if (err_is_fail(err)) {
    USER_PANIC_ERR(err, "ata_rw28_rpc_client_init");
}
\end{lstlisting}

\acs{rpc} calls can now be made to perform operations on the disk.

\section{Data Manipulation}

\lstinline+write_and_check_32+ is the function used to write
\lstinline+0xdeadbeef+ to the disk and verify that writing succeeded. It
accepts arbitrary 32 bit patterns that are written to disk.  First off, we need
to calculate some values, allocate a buffer and fill this buffer with the
pattern:

\begin{lstlisting}
static void write_and_check_32(uint32_t pat, size_t start_lba, 
    size_t block_size, size_t block_count)
{
    errval_t err;
    size_t bytes = block_size*block_count;
    uint8_t *buf = malloc(bytes);
    assert(buf);
    size_t step = sizeof(pat);
    size_t count = bytes / step;
    assert(bytes % sizeof(pat) == 0);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
        *(uint32_t*)(buf+i*step) = pat;
\end{lstlisting}

The actual writing is very simple. We issue the \lstinline+write_dma+ \acs{rpc}
call, pass it the binding, the buffer, the number of bytes to write, the
\ac{lba} on the disk where we want to write to and do some basic error
handling:

\begin{lstlisting}
    printf("writing data\n");
    errval_t status;
    err = ata_rw28_rpc.vtbl.write_dma(&ata_rw28_rpc, buf, bytes, 
        start_lba, &status);
    if (err_is_fail(err))
        USER_PANIC_ERR(err, "write_dma rpc");
    if (err_is_fail(status))
        USER_PANIC_ERR(status, "write_dma status");
\end{lstlisting}

Reading data is equally simple:

\begin{lstlisting}
    size_t bytes_read;
    err = ata_rw28_rpc.vtbl.read_dma(&ata_rw28_rpc, bytes, 
        start_lba, &buf, &bytes_read);
    if (err_is_fail(err))
        USER_PANIC_ERR(err, "read_dma rpc");
    if (!buf)
        USER_PANIC("read_dma -> !buf");
    if (bytes_read != bytes)
        USER_PANIC("read_dma -> bytes_read != bytes");
\end{lstlisting}

At the end, we do a simple verification and free the allocated buffer.

\section{Cleanup}

To return ownership of the port and clean up resources, a simple call to
\lstinline+ahci_close+ suffices:

\begin{lstlisting}
    ahci_close(ahci_binding, NOP_CONT);
\end{lstlisting}