License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

perf machine: Fix up vdso methods names

To make it consistent with the other dso lifetime routines.

For instance:

struct dso *vdso__new(struct machine *machine, const char *short_name,
const char *long_name)

Becomes:

struct dso *machine__addnew_vdso(struct machine *machine, const
char *short_name, const char *long_name)

Because:

1) There is no 'struct vdso' for us to have vdso__ prefixed routines.

2) Because it will not really just create a new instance of 'struct
dso', it'll call dso__new() but it will also insert it into the
DSO's list/rbtree, and we have a method name for that: 'addnew',
just like we have dsos__addnew().

3) So it is really a 'struct machine' operation, it is the first
argument, etc.

This way the place where this is used gets consistent:

if (vdso) {
pgoff = 0;
- dso = vdso__dso_findnew(machine, thread);
+ dso = machine__findnew_vdso(machine, thread);
} else
dso = machine__findnew_dso(machine, filename);

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-r3w3tvh8exm9xfz3p4tz9qbz@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

perf tools: Add support for 32-bit compatibility VDSOs

'perf record' post-processes the event stream to create a list of
build-ids for object files for which sample events have been recorded.
That results in those object files being recorded in the build-id cache.

In the case of VDSO, perf tools reads it from memory and copies it into
a temporary file, which as decribed above, gets added to the build-id
cache.

Then when the perf.data file is processed by other tools, the build-id
of VDSO is listed in the perf.data file and the VDSO can be read from
the build-id cache. In that case the name of the map, the short name of
the DSO, and the entry in the build-id cache are all "[vdso]".

However, in the 64-bit case, there also can be 32-bit compatibility
VDSOs.

A previous patch added programs "perf-read-vdso32" and "perf
read-vdsox32".

This patch uses those programs to read the correct VDSO for a thread and
create a temporary file just as for the 64-bit VDSO.

The map name and the entry in the build-id cache are still "[vdso]" but
the DSO short name becomes "[vdso32]" and "[vdsox32]" respectively.

Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1414061124-26830-16-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

perf tools: Add thread parameter to vdso__dso_findnew()

The thread will be needed to determine the VDSO type.

Reviewed-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1406035081-14301-52-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

perf tools: Separate the VDSO map name from the VDSO dso name

This is in preparation for supporting 32-bit compatibility VDSOs.

Reviewed-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1406035081-14301-49-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

perf machine: Fix the lifetime of the VDSO temporary file

The VDSO temporary file is unlinked when a session is deleted. That
precludes the possibilities that there is no session or there is more
than one session.

Correctly the vdso belongs to the machine so put the information on
'struct machine' and get rid of the global variables.

Reviewed-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/53CF9B14.7040408@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

perf tools: Pass machine to vdso__dso_findnew()

This is preparation for removing the global variables used in vdso.c and
thereby fixing the lifetime of the VDSO temporary file.

Reviewed-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1406035081-14301-45-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

perf tools: Back [vdso] DSO with real data

Storing data for VDSO shared object, because we need it for the post
unwind processing.

The VDSO shared object is same for all process on a running system, so
it makes no difference when we store it inside the tracer - perf.

When [vdso] map memory is hit, we retrieve [vdso] DSO image and store it
into temporary file.

During the build-id processing phase, the [vdso] DSO image is stored in
build-id db, and build-id reference is made inside perf.data. The
build-id vdso file object is called '[vdso]'. We don't use temporary
file name which gets removed when record is finished.

During report phase the vdso build-id object is treated as any other
build-id DSO object.

Adding following API for vdso object:

bool is_vdso_map(const char *filename)
- returns true if the filename matches vdso map name

struct dso *vdso__dso_findnew(struct list_head *head)
- find/create proper vdso DSO object

vdso__exit(void)
- removes temporary VDSO image if there's any

This change makes backtrace dwarf post unwind possible from [vdso] maps.

Following output is current report of [vdso] sample dwarf backtrace:

# Overhead Command Shared Object Symbol
# ........ ....... ................. .............................
#
99.52% ex [vdso] [.] 0x00007fff3ace89af
|
--- 0x7fff3ace89af

Following output is new report of [vdso] sample dwarf backtrace:

# Overhead Command Shared Object Symbol
# ........ ....... ................. .............................
#
99.52% ex [vdso] [.] 0x00000000000009af
|
--- 0x7fff3ace89af
main
__libc_start_main
_start

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1347295819-23177-5-git-send-email-jolsa@redhat.com
[ committer note: s/ALIGN/PERF_ALIGN/g to cope with the android build changes ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>