tools/nolibc: annotate va_list printf formats

__attribute__(format(printf)) can also be used for functions that take a
va_list argument.

As per the GCC docs:

For functions where the arguments are not available to be checked
(such as vprintf), specify the third parameter as zero.

Link: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Common-Function-Attributes.html
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>

tools/nolibc: add stdarg.h header

This allows nolic to work with `-nostdinc` avoiding any reliance on
system headers.

The implementation has been lifted from musl libc 1.2.4.
There is already an implementation of stdarg.h in include/linux/stdarg.h
but that is GPL licensed and therefore not suitable for nolibc.

The used compiler builtins have been validated to be at least available
since GCC 4.1.2 and clang 3.0.0.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>

selftests: line buffer test program's stdout

Patch series "selftests/mm fixes for arm64", v3.

Given my on-going work on large anon folios and contpte mappings, I
decided it would be a good idea to start running mm selftests to help
guard against regressions. However, it soon became clear that I
couldn't get the suite to run cleanly on arm64 with a vanilla v6.5-rc1
kernel (perhaps I'm just doing it wrong??), so got stuck in a rabbit
hole trying to debug and fix all the issues. Some were down to
misconfigurations, but I also found a number of issues with the tests
and even a couple of issues with the kernel.


This patch (of 8):

The selftests runner pipes the test program's stdout to tap_prefix. The
presence of the pipe means that the test program sets its stdout to be
fully buffered (as aposed to line buffered when directly connected to the
terminal). The block buffering means that there is often content in the
buffer at fork() time, which causes the output to end up duplicated. This
was causing problems for mm:cow where test results were duplicated 20-30x.

Solve this by using `stdbuf`, when available to force the test program to
use line buffered mode. This means previously printf'ed results are
flushed out of the program before any fork().

Additionally, explicitly set line buffer mode in ksft_print_header(),
which means that all test programs that use the ksft framework will
benefit even if stdbuf is not present on the system.

[ryan.roberts@arm.com: add setvbuf() to set buffering mode]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230726070655.2713530-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230724082522.1202616-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230724082522.1202616-2-ryan.roberts@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Florent Revest <revest@chromium.org>
Cc: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

tools/nolibc: setvbuf: avoid unused parameter warnings

This warning will be enabled later so avoid triggering it.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>

tools/nolibc/stdio: add setvbuf() to set buffering mode

Add a minimal implementation of setvbuf(), which error checks the mode
argument (as required by spec) and returns. Since nolibc never buffers
output, nothing needs to be done.

The kselftest framework recently added a call to setvbuf(). As a result,
any tests that use the kselftest framework and nolibc cause a compiler
error due to missing function. This provides an urgent fix for the
problem which is preventing arm64 testing on linux-next.

Example:

clang --target=aarch64-linux-gnu -fintegrated-as
-Werror=unknown-warning-option -Werror=ignored-optimization-argument
-Werror=option-ignored -Werror=unused-command-line-argument
--target=aarch64-linux-gnu -fintegrated-as
-fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -fno-ident -s -Os -nostdlib \
-include ../../../../include/nolibc/nolibc.h -I../..\
-static -ffreestanding -Wall za-fork.c
build/kselftest/arm64/fp/za-fork-asm.o
-o build/kselftest/arm64/fp/za-fork
In file included from <built-in>:1:
In file included from ./../../../../include/nolibc/nolibc.h:97:
In file included from ./../../../../include/nolibc/arch.h:25:
./../../../../include/nolibc/arch-aarch64.h:178:35: warning: unknown
attribute 'optimize' ignored [-Wunknown-attributes]
void __attribute__((weak,noreturn,optimize("omit-frame-pointer")))
__no_stack_protector _start(void)
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from za-fork.c:12:
../../kselftest.h:123:2: error: call to undeclared function 'setvbuf';
ISO C99 and later do not support implicit function declarations
[-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
^
../../kselftest.h:123:24: error: use of undeclared identifier '_IOLBF'
setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
^
1 warning and 2 errors generated.

Signed-off-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Reported-by: Linux Kernel Functional Testing <lkft@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kselftest/CA+G9fYus3Z8r2cg3zLv8uH8MRrzLFVWdnor02SNr=rCz+_WGVg@mail.gmail.com/
Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>

tools/nolibc: implement fd-based FILE streams

This enables the usage of the stream APIs with arbitrary filedescriptors.

It will be used by a future testcase.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

tools/nolibc/stdio: Implement vprintf()

vprintf() is equivalent to vfprintf() to stdout so implement it as a simple
wrapper for the existing vfprintf(), allowing us to build kselftest.h.

Suggested-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

tools/nolibc: fix missing includes causing build issues at -O0

After the nolibc includes were split to facilitate portability from
standard libcs, programs that include only what they need may miss
some symbols which are needed by libgcc. This is the case for raise()
which is needed by the divide by zero code in some architectures for
example.

Regardless, being able to include only the apparently needed files is
convenient.

Instead of trying to move all exported definitions to a single file,
since this can change over time, this patch takes another approach
consisting in including the nolibc header at the end of all standard
include files. This way their types and functions are already known
at the moment of inclusion, and including any single one of them is
sufficient to bring all the required ones.

Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

tools/nolibc/stdio: Add format attribute to enable printf warnings

When we use printf and fprintf functions from the nolibc, we don't
get any warning from the compiler if we have the wrong arguments.
For example, the following calls will compile silently:
```
printf("%s %s\n", "aaa");
fprintf(stdout, "%s %s\n", "xxx", 1);
```
(Note the wrong arguments).

Those calls are undefined behavior. The compiler can help us warn
about the above mistakes by adding a `printf` format attribute to
those functions declaration. This patch adds it, and now it yields
these warnings for those mistakes:
```
warning: format `%s` expects a matching `char *` argument [-Wformat=]
warning: format `%s` expects argument of type `char *`, but argument 4 has type `int` [-Wformat=]
```

[ ammarfaizi2: Simplify the attribute placement. ]

Signed-off-by: Alviro Iskandar Setiawan <alviro.iskandar@gnuweeb.org>
Signed-off-by: Ammar Faizi <ammarfaizi2@gnuweeb.org>
Acked-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

tools/nolibc/stdio: add support for '%p' to vfprintf()

%p remains quite useful in test code, and the code path can easily be
merged with the existing "%x" thus only adds ~50 bytes, thus let's
add it.

Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

tools/nolibc/stdio: make printf(%s) accept NULL

It's often convenient to support this, especially in test programs where
a NULL may correspond to an allocation error or a non-existing value.
Let's make printf("%s") support being passed a NULL. In this case it
prints "(null)" like glibc's printf().

Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

tools/nolibc/errno: extract errno.h from sys.h

This allows us to provide a minimal errno.h to ease porting applications
that use it.

Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

tools/nolibc/stdio: add perror() to report the errno value

It doesn't contain the text for the error codes, but instead displays
"errno=" followed by the errno value. Just like the regular errno, if
a non-empty message is passed, it's placed followed with ": " on the
output before the errno code. The message is emitted on stderr.

Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

tools/nolibc/stdio: add a minimal [vf]printf() implementation

This adds a minimal vfprintf() implementation as well as the commonly
used fprintf() and printf() that rely on it.

For now the function supports:
- formats: %s, %c, %u, %d, %x
- modifiers: %l and %ll
- unknown chars are considered as modifiers and are ignored

It is designed to remain minimalist, despite this printf() is 549 bytes
on x86_64. It would be wise not to add too many formats.

Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

tools/nolibc/stdio: add fwrite() to stdio

We'll use it to write substrings. It relies on a simpler _fwrite() that
only takes one size. fputs() was also modified to rely on it.

Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

tools/nolibc/stdio: add stdin/stdout/stderr and fget*/fput* functions

The standard puts() function always emits the trailing LF which makes it
unconvenient for small string concatenation. fputs() ought to be used
instead but it requires a FILE*.

This adds 3 dummy FILE* values (stdin, stdout, stderr) which are in fact
pointers to struct FILE of one byte. We reserve 3 pointer values for them,
-3, -2 and -1, so that they are ordered, easing the tests and mapping to
integer.

>From this, fgetc(), fputc(), fgets() and fputs() were implemented, and
the previous putchar() and getchar() now remap to these. The standard
getc() and putc() macros were also implemented as pointing to these
ones.

There is absolutely no buffering, fgetc() and fgets() read one byte at
a time, fputc() writes one byte at a time, and only fputs() which knows
the string's length writes all of it at once.

Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

tools/nolibc/stdio: add a minimal set of stdio functions

This only provides getchar(), putchar(), and puts().

Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>