bpf: move sleepable flag from bpf_prog_aux to bpf_prog

prog->aux->sleepable is checked very frequently as part of (some) BPF
program run hot paths. So this extra aux indirection seems wasteful and
on busy systems might cause unnecessary memory cache misses.

Let's move sleepable flag into prog itself to eliminate unnecessary
pointer dereference.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20240309004739.2961431-1-andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

bpf: Add __bpf_kfunc_{start,end}_defs macros

BPF kfuncs are meant to be called from BPF programs. Accordingly, most
kfuncs are not called from anywhere in the kernel, which the
-Wmissing-prototypes warning is unhappy about. We've peppered
__diag_ignore_all("-Wmissing-prototypes", ... everywhere kfuncs are
defined in the codebase to suppress this warning.

This patch adds two macros meant to bound one or many kfunc definitions.
All existing kfunc definitions which use these __diag calls to suppress
-Wmissing-prototypes are migrated to use the newly-introduced macros.
A new __diag_ignore_all - for "-Wmissing-declarations" - is added to the
__bpf_kfunc_start_defs macro based on feedback from Andrii on an earlier
version of this patch [0] and another recent mailing list thread [1].

In the future we might need to ignore different warnings or do other
kfunc-specific things. This change will make it easier to make such
modifications for all kfunc defs.

[0]: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/CAEf4BzaE5dRWtK6RPLnjTW-MW9sx9K3Fn6uwqCTChK2Dcb1Xig@mail.gmail.com/
[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/ZT+2qCc%2FaXep0%2FLf@krava/

Signed-off-by: Dave Marchevsky <davemarchevsky@fb.com>
Suggested-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <olsajiri@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Acked-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231031215625.2343848-1-davemarchevsky@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

bpf: Don't explicitly emit BTF for struct btf_iter_num

Commit 6018e1f407cc ("bpf: implement numbers iterator") added the
BTF_TYPE_EMIT line that this patch is modifying. The struct btf_iter_num
doesn't exist, so only a forward declaration is emitted in BTF:

FWD 'btf_iter_num' fwd_kind=struct

That commit was probably hoping to ensure that struct bpf_iter_num is
emitted in vmlinux BTF. A previous version of this patch changed the
line to emit the correct type, but Yonghong confirmed that it would
definitely be emitted regardless in [0], so this patch simply removes
the line.

This isn't marked "Fixes" because the extraneous btf_iter_num FWD wasn't
causing any issues that I noticed, aside from mild confusion when I
looked through the code.

[0]: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/25d08207-43e6-36a8-5e0f-47a913d4cda5@linux.dev/

Signed-off-by: Dave Marchevsky <davemarchevsky@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20231013204426.1074286-2-davemarchevsky@fb.com

bpf: implement numbers iterator

Implement the first open-coded iterator type over a range of integers.

It's public API consists of:
- bpf_iter_num_new() constructor, which accepts [start, end) range
(that is, start is inclusive, end is exclusive).
- bpf_iter_num_next() which will keep returning read-only pointer to int
until the range is exhausted, at which point NULL will be returned.
If bpf_iter_num_next() is kept calling after this, NULL will be
persistently returned.
- bpf_iter_num_destroy() destructor, which needs to be called at some
point to clean up iterator state. BPF verifier enforces that iterator
destructor is called at some point before BPF program exits.

Note that `start = end = X` is a valid combination to setup an empty
iterator. bpf_iter_num_new() will return 0 (success) for any such
combination.

If bpf_iter_num_new() detects invalid combination of input arguments, it
returns error, resets iterator state to, effectively, empty iterator, so
any subsequent call to bpf_iter_num_next() will keep returning NULL.

BPF verifier has no knowledge that returned integers are in the
[start, end) value range, as both `start` and `end` are not statically
known and enforced: they are runtime values.

While the implementation is pretty trivial, some care needs to be taken
to avoid overflows and underflows. Subsequent selftests will validate
correctness of [start, end) semantics, especially around extremes
(INT_MIN and INT_MAX).

Similarly to bpf_loop(), we enforce that no more than BPF_MAX_LOOPS can
be specified.

bpf_iter_num_{new,next,destroy}() is a logical evolution from bounded
BPF loops and bpf_loop() helper and is the basis for implementing
ergonomic BPF loops with no statically known or verified bounds.
Subsequent patches implement bpf_for() macro, demonstrating how this can
be wrapped into something that works and feels like a normal for() loop
in C language.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230308184121.1165081-5-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

bpf: Initialize the bpf_run_ctx in bpf_iter_run_prog()

The bpf-iter-prog for tcp and unix sk can do bpf_setsockopt()
which needs has_current_bpf_ctx() to decide if it is called by a
bpf prog. This patch initializes the bpf_run_ctx in
bpf_iter_run_prog() for the has_current_bpf_ctx() to use.

Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220817061751.4177657-1-kafai@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

bpf, iter: Fix the condition on p when calling stop.

In bpf_seq_read, seq->op->next() could return an ERR and jump to
the label stop. However, the existing code in stop does not handle
the case when p (returned from next()) is an ERR. Adds the handling
of ERR of p by converting p into an error and jumping to done.

Because all the current implementations do not have a case that
returns ERR from next(), so this patch doesn't have behavior changes
right now.

Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220805214821.1058337-4-haoluo@google.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

bpf: Only allow sleepable program for resched-able iterator

When a sleepable program is attached to a hash map iterator, might_fault()
will report "BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context..." if
CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP is enabled. The reason is that rcu_read_lock()
is held in bpf_hash_map_seq_next() and won't be released until all elements
are traversed or bpf_hash_map_seq_stop() is called.

Fixing it by reusing BPF_ITER_RESCHED to indicate that only non-sleepable
program is allowed for iterator without BPF_ITER_RESCHED. We can revise
bpf_iter_link_attach() later if there are other conditions which may
cause rcu_read_lock() or spin_lock() issues.

Signed-off-by: Hou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220810080538.1845898-7-houtao@huaweicloud.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

fs: remove no_llseek

Now that all callers of ->llseek are going through vfs_llseek(), we
don't gain anything by keeping no_llseek around. Nothing actually calls
it and setting ->llseek to no_lseek is completely equivalent to
leaving it NULL.

Longer term (== by the end of merge window) we want to remove all such
intializations. To simplify the merge window this commit does *not*
touch initializers - it only defines no_llseek as NULL (and simplifies
the tests on file opening).

At -rc1 we'll need do a mechanical removal of no_llseek -

git grep -l -w no_llseek | grep -v porting.rst | while read i; do
sed -i '/\<no_llseek\>/d' $i
done
would do it.

Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

bpf: Inline calls to bpf_loop when callback is known

Calls to `bpf_loop` are replaced with direct loops to avoid
indirection. E.g. the following:

bpf_loop(10, foo, NULL, 0);

Is replaced by equivalent of the following:

for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
foo(i, NULL);

This transformation could be applied when:
- callback is known and does not change during program execution;
- flags passed to `bpf_loop` are always zero.

Inlining logic works as follows:

- During execution simulation function `update_loop_inline_state`
tracks the following information for each `bpf_loop` call
instruction:
- is callback known and constant?
- are flags constant and zero?
- Function `optimize_bpf_loop` increases stack depth for functions
where `bpf_loop` calls can be inlined and invokes `inline_bpf_loop`
to apply the inlining. The additional stack space is used to spill
registers R6, R7 and R8. These registers are used as loop counter,
loop maximal bound and callback context parameter;

Measurements using `benchs/run_bench_bpf_loop.sh` inside QEMU / KVM on
i7-4710HQ CPU show a drop in latency from 14 ns/op to 2 ns/op.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220620235344.569325-4-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

bpf: Remove redundant assignment to meta.seq in __task_seq_show()

The seq argument is assigned to meta.seq twice, the second one is
redundant, remove it.

This patch also removes a redundant space in bpf_iter_link_attach().

Signed-off-by: Yuntao Wang <ytcoode@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20220410060020.307283-1-ytcoode@gmail.com

bpf: Replace usage of supported with dedicated list iterator variable

To move the list iterator variable into the list_for_each_entry_*()
macro in the future it should be avoided to use the list iterator
variable after the loop body.

To *never* use the list iterator variable after the loop it was
concluded to use a separate iterator variable instead of a
found boolean [1].

This removes the need to use the found variable (existed & supported)
and simply checking if the variable was set, can determine if the
break/goto was hit.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wgRr_D8CB-D9Kg-c=EHreAsk5SqXPwr9Y7k9sA6cWXJ6w@mail.gmail.com/

Signed-off-by: Jakob Koschel <jakobkoschel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20220331091929.647057-1-jakobkoschel@gmail.com

bpf: Add support for bpf iterator programs to use sleepable helpers

This patch allows bpf iterator programs to use sleepable helpers by
changing `bpf_iter_run_prog` to use the appropriate synchronization.
With sleepable bpf iterator programs, we can no longer use
`rcu_read_lock()` and must use `rcu_read_lock_trace()` instead
to protect the bpf program.

Signed-off-by: Kenny Yu <kennyyu@fb.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220124185403.468466-2-kennyyu@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

bpf: Add bpf_loop helper

This patch adds the kernel-side and API changes for a new helper
function, bpf_loop:

long bpf_loop(u32 nr_loops, void *callback_fn, void *callback_ctx,
u64 flags);

where long (*callback_fn)(u32 index, void *ctx);

bpf_loop invokes the "callback_fn" **nr_loops** times or until the
callback_fn returns 1. The callback_fn can only return 0 or 1, and
this is enforced by the verifier. The callback_fn index is zero-indexed.

A few things to please note:
~ The "u64 flags" parameter is currently unused but is included in
case a future use case for it arises.
~ In the kernel-side implementation of bpf_loop (kernel/bpf/bpf_iter.c),
bpf_callback_t is used as the callback function cast.
~ A program can have nested bpf_loop calls but the program must
still adhere to the verifier constraint of its stack depth (the stack depth
cannot exceed MAX_BPF_STACK))
~ Recursive callback_fns do not pass the verifier, due to the call stack
for these being too deep.
~ The next patch will include the tests and benchmark

Signed-off-by: Joanne Koong <joannekoong@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20211130030622.4131246-2-joannekoong@fb.com

bpf: Refactor BPF_PROG_RUN into a function

Turn BPF_PROG_RUN into a proper always inlined function. No functional and
performance changes are intended, but it makes it much easier to understand
what's going on with how BPF programs are actually get executed. It's more
obvious what types and callbacks are expected. Also extra () around input
parameters can be dropped, as well as `__` variable prefixes intended to avoid
naming collisions, which makes the code simpler to read and write.

This refactoring also highlighted one extra issue. BPF_PROG_RUN is both
a macro and an enum value (BPF_PROG_RUN == BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN). Turning
BPF_PROG_RUN into a function causes naming conflict compilation error. So
rename BPF_PROG_RUN into lower-case bpf_prog_run(), similar to
bpf_prog_run_xdp(), bpf_prog_run_pin_on_cpu(), etc. All existing callers of
BPF_PROG_RUN, the macro, are switched to bpf_prog_run() explicitly.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-2-andrii@kernel.org

bpf: tcp: Support bpf_(get|set)sockopt in bpf tcp iter

This patch allows bpf tcp iter to call bpf_(get|set)sockopt.
To allow a specific bpf iter (tcp here) to call a set of helpers,
get_func_proto function pointer is added to bpf_iter_reg.
The bpf iter is a tracing prog which currently requires
CAP_PERFMON or CAP_SYS_ADMIN, so this patch does not
impose other capability checks for bpf_(get|set)sockopt.

Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Acked-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@amazon.co.jp>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210701200619.1036715-1-kafai@fb.com

bpf: Prepare bpf syscall to be used from kernel and user space.

With the help from bpfptr_t prepare relevant bpf syscall commands
to be used from kernel and user space.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210514003623.28033-4-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com

bpf: Add bpf_for_each_map_elem() helper

The bpf_for_each_map_elem() helper is introduced which
iterates all map elements with a callback function. The
helper signature looks like
long bpf_for_each_map_elem(map, callback_fn, callback_ctx, flags)
and for each map element, the callback_fn will be called. For example,
like hashmap, the callback signature may look like
long callback_fn(map, key, val, callback_ctx)

There are two known use cases for this. One is from upstream ([1]) where
a for_each_map_elem helper may help implement a timeout mechanism
in a more generic way. Another is from our internal discussion
for a firewall use case where a map contains all the rules. The packet
data can be compared to all these rules to decide allow or deny
the packet.

For array maps, users can already use a bounded loop to traverse
elements. Using this helper can avoid using bounded loop. For other
type of maps (e.g., hash maps) where bounded loop is hard or
impossible to use, this helper provides a convenient way to
operate on all elements.

For callback_fn, besides map and map element, a callback_ctx,
allocated on caller stack, is also passed to the callback
function. This callback_ctx argument can provide additional
input and allow to write to caller stack for output.

If the callback_fn returns 0, the helper will iterate through next
element if available. If the callback_fn returns 1, the helper
will stop iterating and returns to the bpf program. Other return
values are not used for now.

Currently, this helper is only available with jit. It is possible
to make it work with interpreter with so effort but I leave it
as the future work.

[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210122205415.113822-1-xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com/

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210226204925.3884923-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Fix an unitialized value in bpf_iter

Commit 15d83c4d7cef ("bpf: Allow loading of a bpf_iter program")
cached btf_id in struct bpf_iter_target_info so later on
if it can be checked cheaply compared to checking registered names.

syzbot found a bug that uninitialized value may occur to
bpf_iter_target_info->btf_id. This is because we allocated
bpf_iter_target_info structure with kmalloc and never initialized
field btf_id afterwards. This uninitialized btf_id is typically
compared to a u32 bpf program func proto btf_id, and the chance
of being equal is extremely slim.

This patch fixed the issue by using kzalloc which will also
prevent future likely instances due to adding new fields.

Fixes: 15d83c4d7cef ("bpf: Allow loading of a bpf_iter program")
Reported-by: syzbot+580f4f2a272e452d55cb@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210212005926.2875002-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Permit cond_resched for some iterators

Commit e679654a704e ("bpf: Fix a rcu_sched stall issue with
bpf task/task_file iterator") tries to fix rcu stalls warning
which is caused by bpf task_file iterator when running
"bpftool prog".

rcu: INFO: rcu_sched self-detected stall on CPU
rcu: \x097-....: (20999 ticks this GP) idle=302/1/0x4000000000000000 softirq=1508852/1508852 fqs=4913
\x09(t=21031 jiffies g=2534773 q=179750)
NMI backtrace for cpu 7
CPU: 7 PID: 184195 Comm: bpftool Kdump: loaded Tainted: G W 5.8.0-00004-g68bfc7f8c1b4 #6
Hardware name: Quanta Twin Lakes MP/Twin Lakes Passive MP, BIOS F09_3A17 05/03/2019
Call Trace:
<IRQ>
dump_stack+0x57/0x70
nmi_cpu_backtrace.cold+0x14/0x53
? lapic_can_unplug_cpu.cold+0x39/0x39
nmi_trigger_cpumask_backtrace+0xb7/0xc7
rcu_dump_cpu_stacks+0xa2/0xd0
rcu_sched_clock_irq.cold+0x1ff/0x3d9
? tick_nohz_handler+0x100/0x100
update_process_times+0x5b/0x90
tick_sched_timer+0x5e/0xf0
__hrtimer_run_queues+0x12a/0x2a0
hrtimer_interrupt+0x10e/0x280
__sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x51/0xe0
asm_call_on_stack+0xf/0x20
</IRQ>
sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x6f/0x80
...
task_file_seq_next+0x52/0xa0
bpf_seq_read+0xb9/0x320
vfs_read+0x9d/0x180
ksys_read+0x5f/0xe0
do_syscall_64+0x38/0x60
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9

The fix is to limit the number of bpf program runs to be
one million. This fixed the program in most cases. But
we also found under heavy load, which can increase the wallclock
time for bpf_seq_read(), the warning may still be possible.

For example, calling bpf_delay() in the "while" loop of
bpf_seq_read(), which will introduce artificial delay,
the warning will show up in my qemu run.

static unsigned q;
volatile unsigned *p = &q;
volatile unsigned long long ll;
static void bpf_delay(void)
{
int i, j;

for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 10000; j++)
ll += *p;
}

There are two ways to fix this issue. One is to reduce the above
one million threshold to say 100,000 and hopefully rcu warning will
not show up any more. Another is to introduce a target feature
which enables bpf_seq_read() calling cond_resched().

This patch took second approach as the first approach may cause
more -EAGAIN failures for read() syscalls. Note that not all bpf_iter
targets can permit cond_resched() in bpf_seq_read() as some, e.g.,
netlink seq iterator, rcu read lock critical section spans through
seq_ops->next() -> seq_ops->show() -> seq_ops->next().

For the kernel code with the above hack, "bpftool p" roughly takes
38 seconds to finish on my VM with 184 bpf program runs.
Using the following command, I am able to collect the number of
context switches:
perf stat -e context-switches -- ./bpftool p >& log
Without this patch,
69 context-switches
With this patch,
75 context-switches
This patch added additional 6 context switches, roughly every 6 seconds
to reschedule, to avoid lengthy no-rescheduling which may cause the
above RCU warnings.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201028061054.1411116-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Bump iter seq size to support BTF representation of large data structures

BPF iter size is limited to PAGE_SIZE; if we wish to display BTF-based
representations of larger kernel data structures such as task_struct,
this will be insufficient.

Suggested-by: Alexei Starovoitov <alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alan Maguire <alan.maguire@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/1601292670-1616-6-git-send-email-alan.maguire@oracle.com

bpf: Implement link_query for bpf iterators

This patch implemented bpf_link callback functions
show_fdinfo and fill_link_info to support link_query
interface.

The general interface for show_fdinfo and fill_link_info
will print/fill the target_name. Each targets can
register show_fdinfo and fill_link_info callbacks
to print/fill more target specific information.

For example, the below is a fdinfo result for a bpf
task iterator.
$ cat /proc/1749/fdinfo/7
pos: 0
flags: 02000000
mnt_id: 14
link_type: iter
link_id: 11
prog_tag: 990e1f8152f7e54f
prog_id: 59
target_name: task

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200821184418.574122-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Fix a rcu_sched stall issue with bpf task/task_file iterator

In our production system, we observed rcu stalls when
'bpftool prog` is running.
rcu: INFO: rcu_sched self-detected stall on CPU
rcu: \x097-....: (20999 ticks this GP) idle=302/1/0x4000000000000000 softirq=1508852/1508852 fqs=4913
\x09(t=21031 jiffies g=2534773 q=179750)
NMI backtrace for cpu 7
CPU: 7 PID: 184195 Comm: bpftool Kdump: loaded Tainted: G W 5.8.0-00004-g68bfc7f8c1b4 #6
Hardware name: Quanta Twin Lakes MP/Twin Lakes Passive MP, BIOS F09_3A17 05/03/2019
Call Trace:
<IRQ>
dump_stack+0x57/0x70
nmi_cpu_backtrace.cold+0x14/0x53
? lapic_can_unplug_cpu.cold+0x39/0x39
nmi_trigger_cpumask_backtrace+0xb7/0xc7
rcu_dump_cpu_stacks+0xa2/0xd0
rcu_sched_clock_irq.cold+0x1ff/0x3d9
? tick_nohz_handler+0x100/0x100
update_process_times+0x5b/0x90
tick_sched_timer+0x5e/0xf0
__hrtimer_run_queues+0x12a/0x2a0
hrtimer_interrupt+0x10e/0x280
__sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x51/0xe0
asm_call_on_stack+0xf/0x20
</IRQ>
sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x6f/0x80
asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x12/0x20
RIP: 0010:task_file_seq_get_next+0x71/0x220
Code: 00 00 8b 53 1c 49 8b 7d 00 89 d6 48 8b 47 20 44 8b 18 41 39 d3 76 75 48 8b 4f 20 8b 01 39 d0 76 61 41 89 d1 49 39 c1 48 19 c0 <48> 8b 49 08 21 d0 48 8d 04 c1 4c 8b 08 4d 85 c9 74 46 49 8b 41 38
RSP: 0018:ffffc90006223e10 EFLAGS: 00000297
RAX: ffffffffffffffff RBX: ffff888f0d172388 RCX: ffff888c8c07c1c0
RDX: 00000000000f017b RSI: 00000000000f017b RDI: ffff888c254702c0
RBP: ffffc90006223e68 R08: ffff888be2a1c140 R09: 00000000000f017b
R10: 0000000000000002 R11: 0000000000100000 R12: ffff888f23c24118
R13: ffffc90006223e60 R14: ffffffff828509a0 R15: 00000000ffffffff
task_file_seq_next+0x52/0xa0
bpf_seq_read+0xb9/0x320
vfs_read+0x9d/0x180
ksys_read+0x5f/0xe0
do_syscall_64+0x38/0x60
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
RIP: 0033:0x7f8815f4f76e
Code: c0 e9 f6 fe ff ff 55 48 8d 3d 76 70 0a 00 48 89 e5 e8 36 06 02 00 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 14 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 52 c3 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 55 48 89 e5
RSP: 002b:00007fff8f9df578 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000000
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000000000170b9c0 RCX: 00007f8815f4f76e
RDX: 0000000000001000 RSI: 00007fff8f9df5b0 RDI: 0000000000000007
RBP: 00007fff8f9e05f0 R08: 0000000000000049 R09: 0000000000000010
R10: 00007f881601fa40 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007fff8f9e05a8
R13: 00007fff8f9e05a8 R14: 0000000001917f90 R15: 000000000000e22e

Note that `bpftool prog` actually calls a task_file bpf iterator
program to establish an association between prog/map/link/btf anon
files and processes.

In the case where the above rcu stall occured, we had a process
having 1587 tasks and each task having roughly 81305 files.
This implied 129 million bpf prog invocations. Unfortunwtely none of
these files are prog/map/link/btf files so bpf iterator/prog needs
to traverse all these files and not able to return to user space
since there are no seq_file buffer overflow.

This patch fixed the issue in bpf_seq_read() to limit the number
of visited objects. If the maximum number of visited objects is
reached, no more objects will be visited in the current syscall.
If there is nothing written in the seq_file buffer, -EAGAIN will
return to the user so user can try again.

The maximum number of visited objects is set at 1 million.
In our Intel Xeon D-2191 2.3GHZ 18-core server, bpf_seq_read()
visiting 1 million files takes around 0.18 seconds.

We did not use cond_resched() since for some iterators, e.g.,
netlink iterator, where rcu read_lock critical section spans between
consecutive seq_ops->next(), which makes impossible to do cond_resched()
in the key while loop of function bpf_seq_read().

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200818222309.2181348-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Change uapi for bpf iterator map elements

Commit a5cbe05a6673 ("bpf: Implement bpf iterator for
map elements") added bpf iterator support for
map elements. The map element bpf iterator requires
info to identify a particular map. In the above
commit, the attr->link_create.target_fd is used
to carry map_fd and an enum bpf_iter_link_info
is added to uapi to specify the target_fd actually
representing a map_fd:
enum bpf_iter_link_info {
BPF_ITER_LINK_UNSPEC = 0,
BPF_ITER_LINK_MAP_FD = 1,

MAX_BPF_ITER_LINK_INFO,
};

This is an extensible approach as we can grow
enumerator for pid, cgroup_id, etc. and we can
unionize target_fd for pid, cgroup_id, etc.
But in the future, there are chances that
more complex customization may happen, e.g.,
for tasks, it could be filtered based on
both cgroup_id and user_id.

This patch changed the uapi to have fields
__aligned_u64 iter_info;
__u32 iter_info_len;
for additional iter_info for link_create.
The iter_info is defined as
union bpf_iter_link_info {
struct {
__u32 map_fd;
} map;
};

So future extension for additional customization
will be easier. The bpf_iter_link_info will be
passed to target callback to validate and generic
bpf_iter framework does not need to deal it any
more.

Note that map_fd = 0 will be considered invalid
and -EBADF will be returned to user space.

Fixes: a5cbe05a6673 ("bpf: Implement bpf iterator for map elements")
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200805055056.1457463-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Implement bpf iterator for map elements

The bpf iterator for map elements are implemented.
The bpf program will receive four parameters:
bpf_iter_meta *meta: the meta data
bpf_map *map: the bpf_map whose elements are traversed
void *key: the key of one element
void *value: the value of the same element

Here, meta and map pointers are always valid, and
key has register type PTR_TO_RDONLY_BUF_OR_NULL and
value has register type PTR_TO_RDWR_BUF_OR_NULL.
The kernel will track the access range of key and value
during verification time. Later, these values will be compared
against the values in the actual map to ensure all accesses
are within range.

A new field iter_seq_info is added to bpf_map_ops which
is used to add map type specific information, i.e., seq_ops,
init/fini seq_file func and seq_file private data size.
Subsequent patches will have actual implementation
for bpf_map_ops->iter_seq_info.

In user space, BPF_ITER_LINK_MAP_FD needs to be
specified in prog attr->link_create.flags, which indicates
that attr->link_create.target_fd is a map_fd.
The reason for such an explicit flag is for possible
future cases where one bpf iterator may allow more than
one possible customization, e.g., pid and cgroup id for
task_file.

Current kernel internal implementation only allows
the target to register at most one required bpf_iter_link_info.
To support the above case, optional bpf_iter_link_info's
are needed, the target can be extended to register such link
infos, and user provided link_info needs to match one of
target supported ones.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200723184112.590360-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Refactor to provide aux info to bpf_iter_init_seq_priv_t

This patch refactored target bpf_iter_init_seq_priv_t callback
function to accept additional information. This will be needed
in later patches for map element targets since a particular
map should be passed to traverse elements for that particular
map. In the future, other information may be passed to target
as well, e.g., pid, cgroup id, etc. to customize the iterator.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200723184110.590156-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Refactor bpf_iter_reg to have separate seq_info member

There is no functionality change for this patch.
Struct bpf_iter_reg is used to register a bpf_iter target,
which includes information for both prog_load, link_create
and seq_file creation.

This patch puts fields related seq_file creation into
a different structure. This will be useful for map
elements iterator where one iterator covers different
map types and different map types may have different
seq_ops, init/fini private_data function and
private_data size.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200723184109.590030-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Enable bpf_iter targets registering ctx argument types

Commit b121b341e598 ("bpf: Add PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL
support") adds a field btf_id_or_null_non0_off to
bpf_prog->aux structure to indicate that the
first ctx argument is PTR_TO_BTF_ID reg_type and
all others are PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL.
This approach does not really scale if we have
other different reg types in the future, e.g.,
a pointer to a buffer.

This patch enables bpf_iter targets registering ctx argument
reg types which may be different from the default one.
For example, for pointers to structures, the default reg_type
is PTR_TO_BTF_ID for tracing program. The target can register
a particular pointer type as PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL which can
be used by the verifier to enforce accesses.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200513180221.2949882-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Change func bpf_iter_unreg_target() signature

Change func bpf_iter_unreg_target() parameter from target
name to target reg_info, similar to bpf_iter_reg_target().

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200513180220.2949737-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: net: Refactor bpf_iter target registration

Currently bpf_iter_reg_target takes parameters from target
and allocates memory to save them. This is really not
necessary, esp. in the future we may grow information
passed from targets to bpf_iter manager.

The patch refactors the code so target reg_info
becomes static and bpf_iter manager can just take
a reference to it.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200513180219.2949605-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Add comments to interpret bpf_prog return values

Add a short comment in bpf_iter_run_prog() function to
explain how bpf_prog return value is converted to
seq_ops->show() return value:
bpf_prog return seq_ops()->show() return
0 0
1 -EAGAIN

When show() return value is -EAGAIN, the current
bpf_seq_read() will end. If the current seq_file buffer
is empty, -EAGAIN will return to user space. Otherwise,
the buffer will be copied to user space.
In both cases, the next bpf_seq_read() call will
try to show the same object which returned -EAGAIN
previously.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200513180218.2949517-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Implement common macros/helpers for target iterators

Macro DEFINE_BPF_ITER_FUNC is implemented so target
can define an init function to capture the BTF type
which represents the target.

The bpf_iter_meta is a structure holding meta data, common
to all targets in the bpf program.

Additional marker functions are called before or after
bpf_seq_read() show()/next()/stop() callback functions
to help calculate precise seq_num and whether call bpf_prog
inside stop().

Two functions, bpf_iter_get_info() and bpf_iter_run_prog(),
are implemented so target can get needed information from
bpf_iter infrastructure and can run the program.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200509175907.2475956-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Create file bpf iterator

To produce a file bpf iterator, the fd must be
corresponding to a link_fd assocciated with a
trace/iter program. When the pinned file is
opened, a seq_file will be generated.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200509175906.2475893-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Create anonymous bpf iterator

A new bpf command BPF_ITER_CREATE is added.

The anonymous bpf iterator is seq_file based.
The seq_file private data are referenced by targets.
The bpf_iter infrastructure allocated additional space
at seq_file->private before the space used by targets
to store some meta data, e.g.,
prog: prog to run
session_id: an unique id for each opened seq_file
seq_num: how many times bpf programs are queried in this session
done_stop: an internal state to decide whether bpf program
should be called in seq_ops->stop() or not

The seq_num will start from 0 for valid objects.
The bpf program may see the same seq_num more than once if
- seq_file buffer overflow happens and the same object
is retried by bpf_seq_read(), or
- the bpf program explicitly requests a retry of the
same object

Since module is not supported for bpf_iter, all target
registeration happens at __init time, so there is no
need to change bpf_iter_unreg_target() as it is used
mostly in error path of the init function at which time
no bpf iterators have been created yet.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200509175905.2475770-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Implement bpf_seq_read() for bpf iterator

bpf iterator uses seq_file to provide a lossless
way to transfer data to user space. But we want to call
bpf program after all objects have been traversed, and
bpf program may write additional data to the
seq_file buffer. The current seq_read() does not work
for this use case.

Besides allowing stop() function to write to the buffer,
the bpf_seq_read() also fixed the buffer size to one page.
If any single call of show() or stop() will emit data
more than one page to cause overflow, -E2BIG error code
will be returned to user space.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200509175904.2475468-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Support bpf tracing/iter programs for BPF_LINK_UPDATE

Added BPF_LINK_UPDATE support for tracing/iter programs.
This way, a file based bpf iterator, which holds a reference
to the link, can have its bpf program updated without
creating new files.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200509175902.2475262-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Support bpf tracing/iter programs for BPF_LINK_CREATE

Given a bpf program, the step to create an anonymous bpf iterator is:
- create a bpf_iter_link, which combines bpf program and the target.
In the future, there could be more information recorded in the link.
A link_fd will be returned to the user space.
- create an anonymous bpf iterator with the given link_fd.

The bpf_iter_link can be pinned to bpffs mount file system to
create a file based bpf iterator as well.

The benefit to use of bpf_iter_link:
- using bpf link simplifies design and implementation as bpf link
is used for other tracing bpf programs.
- for file based bpf iterator, bpf_iter_link provides a standard
way to replace underlying bpf programs.
- for both anonymous and free based iterators, bpf link query
capability can be leveraged.

The patch added support of tracing/iter programs for BPF_LINK_CREATE.
A new link type BPF_LINK_TYPE_ITER is added to facilitate link
querying. Currently, only prog_id is needed, so there is no
additional in-kernel show_fdinfo() and fill_link_info() hook
is needed for BPF_LINK_TYPE_ITER link.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200509175901.2475084-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Allow loading of a bpf_iter program

A bpf_iter program is a tracing program with attach type
BPF_TRACE_ITER. The load attribute
attach_btf_id
is used by the verifier against a particular kernel function,
which represents a target, e.g., __bpf_iter__bpf_map
for target bpf_map which is implemented later.

The program return value must be 0 or 1 for now.
0 : successful, except potential seq_file buffer overflow
which is handled by seq_file reader.
1 : request to restart the same object

In the future, other return values may be used for filtering or
teminating the iterator.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200509175900.2474947-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Implement an interface to register bpf_iter targets

The target can call bpf_iter_reg_target() to register itself.
The needed information:
target: target name
seq_ops: the seq_file operations for the target
init_seq_private target callback to initialize seq_priv during file open
fini_seq_private target callback to clean up seq_priv during file release
seq_priv_size: the private_data size needed by the seq_file
operations

The target name represents a target which provides a seq_ops
for iterating objects.

The target can provide two callback functions, init_seq_private
and fini_seq_private, called during file open/release time.
For example, /proc/net/{tcp6, ipv6_route, netlink, ...}, net
name space needs to be setup properly during file open and
released properly during file release.

Function bpf_iter_unreg_target() is also implemented to unregister
a particular target.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200509175859.2474669-1-yhs@fb.com