misc: Mark MICROCODE_MINOR unused

This one is unused since

181b6f40e9ea ("x86/microcode: Rip out the OLD_INTERFACE")

so comment it out.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220525161232.14924-1-bp@alien8.de
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220727114948.30123-1-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

include/linux/miscdevice.h - Fix typo/grammar

Improve the clarity and grammar of descriptive comment on top of the
minor number assignments.

Fix a typo within 2 comments for macros.
s/This helps in eleminating of boilerplate code.
/This helps to eliminate boilerplate code./

Signed-off-by: Sebastian Fricke <sebastian.fricke.linux@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200803054346.4285-1-sebastian.fricke.linux@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

rtc/ia64: remove legacy efirtc driver

There are two EFI RTC drivers, the original drivers/char/efirtc.c
driver and the more modern drivers/rtc/rtc-efi.c.

Both implement the same interface, but the new one does so
in a more portable way.

Move everything over to that one and remove the old one.

Cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200226224322.187960-1-alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

misc: move FLASH_MINOR into miscdevice.h and fix conflicts

FLASH_MINOR is used in both drivers/char/nwflash.c and
drivers/sbus/char/flash.c with conflict minor numbers.

Move all the definitions of FLASH_MINOR into miscdevice.h.
Rename FLASH_MINOR for drivers/char/nwflash.c to NWFLASH_MINOR
and FLASH_MINOR for drivers/sbus/char/flash.c to SBUS_FLASH_MINOR.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200120221323.GJ15860@mit.edu/t/
Suggested-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Zhenzhong Duan <zhenzhong.duan@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200311071654.335-3-zhenzhong.duan@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

misc: cleanup minor number definitions in c file into miscdevice.h

HWRNG_MINOR and RNG_MISCDEV_MINOR are duplicate definitions, use
unified HWRNG_MINOR instead and moved into miscdevice.h

ANSLCD_MINOR and LCD_MINOR are duplicate definitions, use unified
LCD_MINOR instead and moved into miscdevice.h

MISCDEV_MINOR is renamed to PXA3XX_GCU_MINOR and moved into
miscdevice.h

Other definitions are just moved without any change.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200120221323.GJ15860@mit.edu/t/
Suggested-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Build-tested-by: Willy TARREAU <wtarreau@haproxy.com>
Build-tested-by: Miguel Ojeda <miguel.ojeda.sandonis@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Zhenzhong Duan <zhenzhong.duan@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Miguel Ojeda <miguel.ojeda.sandonis@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200311071654.335-2-zhenzhong.duan@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

agp: move AGPGART_MINOR to include/linux/miscdevice.h

This patch move the define for AGPGART_MINOR to include/linux/miscdevice.h.
It is better that all minor number definitions are in the same place.

Signed-off-by: Corentin Labbe <clabbe@baylibre.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/1574324085-4338-3-git-send-email-clabbe@baylibre.com

rfkill: allocate static minor

udev has a feature of creating /dev/<node> device-nodes if it finds
a devnode:<node> modalias. This allows for auto-loading of modules that
provide the node. This requires to use a statically allocated minor
number for misc character devices.

However, rfkill uses dynamic minor numbers and prevents auto-loading
of the module. So allocate the next static misc minor number and use
it for rfkill.

Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191024174042.19851-1-marcel@holtmann.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

sbus: char: Move D7S_MINOR to include/linux/miscdevice.h

This patch move the define for D7S_MINOR to include/linux/miscdevice.h.
It's better that all minor number are in the same place.

Signed-off-by: Corentin Labbe <clabbe.montjoie@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

vhost/vsock: use static minor number

Vhost-vsock is a software device so there is no probe call that causes
the driver to register its misc char device node. This creates a
chicken and egg problem: userspace applications must open
/dev/vhost-vsock to use the driver but the file doesn't exist until the
kernel module has been loaded.

Use the devname modalias mechanism so that /dev/vhost-vsock is created
at boot. The vhost_vsock kernel module is automatically loaded when the
first application opens /dev/host-vsock.

Note that the "reserved for local use" range in
Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt is incorrect. The userio driver
already occupies part of that range. I've updated the documentation
accordingly.

Cc: device@lanana.org
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

apm-emulation: move APM_MINOR_DEV to include/linux/miscdevice.h

This patch move the define for APM_MINOR_DEV to include/linux/miscdevice.h
It is better that all minor number definitions are in the same place.

Signed-off-by: Corentin Labbe <clabbe.montjoie@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

hwrng: core - Move hwrng miscdev minor number to include/linux/miscdevice.h

This patch move the define for hwrng's miscdev minor number to
include/linux/miscdevice.h.
It's better that all minor number are in the same place.
Rename it to HWRNG_MINOR (from RNG_MISCDEV_MINOR) in he process since
no other miscdev define have MISCDEV in their name.

Signed-off-by: Corentin Labbe <clabbe.montjoie@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

irnet: ppp: move IRNET_MINOR to include/linux/miscdevice.h

This patch move the define for IRNET_MINOR to include/linux/miscdevice.h
It is better that all minor number definitions are in the same place.

Signed-off-by: Corentin Labbe <clabbe.montjoie@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

miscdevice: introduce builtin_misc_device

This is basically the same as module_misc_device but without the
presence of an exit/remove function. Similar in nature to the
commit f309d4443130bf814e991f836e919dca22df37ae ("platform_device:
better support builtin boilerplate avoidance").

Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

miscdevice: Add helper macro for misc device boilerplate

Many modules call misc_register and misc_deregister in its module init
and exit methods without any additional code. This ends up being
boilerplate. This patch adds helper macro module_misc_device(), that
replaces module_init()/ module_exit() with template functions.

This patch also converts drivers to use new macro.

Change since v1:
Add device.h include in miscdevice.h as module_driver macro was not
available from other include files in some architectures.

Signed-off-by: PrasannaKumar Muralidharan <prasannatsmkumar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Input: add userio module

Debugging input devices, specifically laptop touchpads, can be tricky
without having the physical device handy. Here we try to remedy that
with userio. This module allows an application to connect to a character
device provided by the kernel, and emulate any serio device. In
combination with userspace programs that can record PS/2 devices and
replay them through the /dev/userio device, this allows developers to
debug driver issues on the PS/2 level with devices simply by requesting
a recording from the user experiencing the issue without having to have
the physical hardware in front of them.

Signed-off-by: Stephen Chandler Paul <cpaul@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>

char: make misc_deregister a void function

With well over 200+ users of this api, there are a mere 12 users that
actually checked the return value of this function. And all of them
really didn't do anything with that information as the system or module
was shutting down no matter what.

So stop pretending like it matters, and just return void from
misc_deregister(). If something goes wrong in the call, you will get a
WARNING splat in the syslog so you know how to fix up your driver.
Other than that, there's nothing that can go wrong.

Cc: Alasdair Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.com>
Cc: Oleg Drokin <oleg.drokin@intel.com>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <andreas.dilger@intel.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be>
Cc: Christine Caulfield <ccaulfie@redhat.com>
Cc: David Teigland <teigland@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Acked-by: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Acked-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@free-electrons.com>
Acked-by: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it>
Acked-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

misc: Add attribute groups

Add groups field to struct miscdevice for passing the attribute groups
at device creation. In this way, the driver can avoid the manual call
of device_create_file() after the device registration, which is
basically a racy operation, in addition to the reduction of manual
device_remove_file() calls.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

miscdevice.h: Simple syntax fix to make pointers consistent.

Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

misc: add comment on unused minors

Signed-off-by: Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Bluetooth: allocate static minor for vhci

Commit bfacbb9 (Bluetooth: Use devname:vhci module alias for virtual HCI
driver) added the module alias to hci_vhci module so it's possible to
create the /dev/vhci node. However creating an alias without
specifying the minor doesn't allow us to create the node ahead,
triggerring module auto-load when it's first accessed.

Starting with depmod from kmod 16 we started to warn if there's a
devname alias without specifying the major and minor.

Let's do the same done for uhid, kvm, fuse and others, specifying a
fixed minor. In systems with systemd as the init the following will
happen: on early boot systemd will call "kmod static-nodes" to read
/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/modules.devname and then create the nodes. When
first accessed these "dead" nodes will trigger the module loading.

Signed-off-by: Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@intel.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>

misc: Reserve minor for VFIO

VFIO currently allocates it's own dynamic chardev range, reserving the
first minor for the control part of the interface (/dev/vfio/vfio) and
the remainder for VFIO groups (/dev/vfio/$GROUP). This works, but it
doesn't support auto loading. For instance when libvirt checks for
VFIO support it looks for /dev/vfio/vfio, which currently doesn't
exist unless the vfio module is loaded. By converting the control
device to a misc driver and reserving a static minor, we can enable
auto loading.

Reserving the minor is a prerequist to that conversion. Minor 196
is unused by anything currently in the kernel.

Suggested-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

cuse: add fix minor number to /dev/cuse

This allows udev (or more recently systemd-tmpfiles) to create /dev/cuse on
boot, in the same way as /dev/fuse is currently created, and the corresponding
module to be loaded on first access.

The corresponding functionalty was introduced for fuse in commit 578454f.

Signed-off-by: Tom Gundersen <teg@jklm.no>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>

HID: uhid: allocate static minor

udev has this nice feature of creating "dead" /dev/<node> device-nodes if
it finds a devnode:<node> modalias. Once the node is accessed, the kernel
automatically loads the module that provides the node. However, this
requires udev to know the major:minor code to use for the node. This
feature was introduced by:

commit 578454ff7eab61d13a26b568f99a89a2c9edc881
Author: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Date: Thu May 20 18:07:20 2010 +0200

driver core: add devname module aliases to allow module on-demand auto-loading

However, uhid uses dynamic minor numbers so this doesn't actually work. We
need to load uhid to know which minor it's going to use.

Hence, allocate a static minor (just like uinput does) and we're good
to go.

Reported-by: Tom Gundersen <teg@jklm.no>
Signed-off-by: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

[SCSI] miscdevice: Adding support for MPT3SAS_MINOR(222)

Signed-off-by: Sreekanth Reddy <Sreekanth.Reddy@lsi.com>
Reviewed-by: Nagalakshmi Nandigama <Nagalakshmi.Nandigama@lsi.com>
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <JBottomley@Parallels.com>

xen/mce: Add mcelog support for Xen platform

When MCA error occurs, it would be handled by Xen hypervisor first,
and then the error information would be sent to initial domain for logging.

This patch gets error information from Xen hypervisor and convert
Xen format error into Linux format mcelog. This logic is basically
self-contained, not touching other kernel components.

By using tools like mcelog tool users could read specific error information,
like what they did under native Linux.

To test follow directions outlined in Documentation/acpi/apei/einj.txt

Acked-and-tested-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ke, Liping <liping.ke@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiang, Yunhong <yunhong.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Liu, Jinsong <jinsong.liu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

vhost-net: add module alias (v2.1)

By adding some module aliases, programs (or users) won't have to explicitly
call modprobe. Vhost-net will always be available if built into the kernel.
It does require assigning a permanent minor number for depmod to work.

Also:
- use C99 style initialization.
- add missing entry in documentation for loop-control

Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Acked-By: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

switch miscdevice to umode_t

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

miscdevice.h: fix up implicit use of lists and types

By removing the implicit presence of module.h from this file, we
will see things like:

In file included from fs/dlm/user.c:9:
include/linux/miscdevice.h:50: error: field ‘list’ has incomplete type
include/linux/miscdevice.h:54: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘mode_t’

Call out lists.h and types.h for inclusion to fix each of the
above respectively.

Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>

miscdevice.h: delete unnecessary inclusion of module.h

This file has a define MODULE_ALIAS_MISCDEV which in turn will
use the MODULE_ALIAS define, but only if the former is explicitly
used by modular device driver code (and such code should be
already including module.h).

Delete the include, since module.h is such a giant thing that we
don't want it implicitly sneaking into compiles where it isn't
specifically required.

Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>

loop: add management interface for on-demand device allocation

Loop devices today have a fixed pre-allocated number of usually 8.
The number can only be changed at module init time. To find a free
device to use, /dev/loop%i needs to be scanned, and all devices need
to be opened until a free one is possibly found.

This adds a new /dev/loop-control device node, that allows to
dynamically find or allocate a free device, and to add and remove loop
devices from the running system:
LOOP_CTL_ADD adds a specific device. Arg is the number
of the device. It returns the device i or a negative
error code.

LOOP_CTL_REMOVE removes a specific device, Arg is the
number the device. It returns the device i or a negative
error code.

LOOP_CTL_GET_FREE finds the next unbound device or allocates
a new one. No arg is given. It returns the device i or a
negative error code.

The loop kernel module gets automatically loaded when
/dev/loop-control is accessed the first time. The alias
specified in the module, instructs udev to create this
'dead' device node, even when the module is not loaded.

Example:
cfd = open("/dev/loop-control", O_RDWR);

# add a new specific loop device
err = ioctl(cfd, LOOP_CTL_ADD, devnr);

# remove a specific loop device
err = ioctl(cfd, LOOP_CTL_REMOVE, devnr);

# find or allocate a free loop device to use
devnr = ioctl(cfd, LOOP_CTL_GET_FREE);

sprintf(loopname, "/dev/loop%i", devnr);
ffd = open("backing-file", O_RDWR);
lfd = open(loopname, O_RDWR);
err = ioctl(lfd, LOOP_SET_FD, ffd);

Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>

Input: uinput - add devname alias to allow module on-demand load

Recent modprobe and udev versions allow to create device nodes
for modules which are not loaded. Only the first access will cause
the in-kernel module loader to pull-in the module. Systems which
never access the device node will not needlessly load the module,
and no longer need init scripts or other facilities to unconditionally
load it.

Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@mail.ru>

dm: allow autoloading of dm mod

Add devname:mapper/control and MAPPER_CTRL_MINOR module alias
to support dm-mod module autoloading.

Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Rajnoha <prajnoha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

misc: Fix allocation 'borrowed' by vhost_net

10, 233 is allocated officially to /dev/kmview which is shipping in
Ubuntu and Debian distributions. vhost_net seem to have borrowed it
without making a proper request and this causes regressions in the other
distributions.

vhost_net can use a dynamic minor so use that instead. Also update the
file with a comment to try and avoid future misunderstandings.

cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <device@lanana.org>
[ We should have caught this before 2.6.34 got released. - Linus ]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

driver core: add devname module aliases to allow module on-demand auto-loading

This adds:
alias: devname:<name>
to some common kernel modules, which will allow the on-demand loading
of the kernel module when the device node is accessed.

Ideally all these modules would be compiled-in, but distros seems too
much in love with their modularization that we need to cover the common
cases with this new facility. It will allow us to remove a bunch of pretty
useless init scripts and modprobes from init scripts.

The static device node aliases will be carried in the module itself. The
program depmod will extract this information to a file in the module directory:
$ cat /lib/modules/2.6.34-00650-g537b60d-dirty/modules.devname
# Device nodes to trigger on-demand module loading.
microcode cpu/microcode c10:184
fuse fuse c10:229
ppp_generic ppp c108:0
tun net/tun c10:200
dm_mod mapper/control c10:235

Udev will pick up the depmod created file on startup and create all the
static device nodes which the kernel modules specify, so that these modules
get automatically loaded when the device node is accessed:
$ /sbin/udevd --debug
...
static_dev_create_from_modules: mknod '/dev/cpu/microcode' c10:184
static_dev_create_from_modules: mknod '/dev/fuse' c10:229
static_dev_create_from_modules: mknod '/dev/ppp' c108:0
static_dev_create_from_modules: mknod '/dev/net/tun' c10:200
static_dev_create_from_modules: mknod '/dev/mapper/control' c10:235
udev_rules_apply_static_dev_perms: chmod '/dev/net/tun' 0666
udev_rules_apply_static_dev_perms: chmod '/dev/fuse' 0666

A few device nodes are switched to statically allocated numbers, to allow
the static nodes to work. This might also useful for systems which still run
a plain static /dev, which is completely unsafe to use with any dynamic minor
numbers.

Note:
The devname aliases must be limited to the *common* and *single*instance*
device nodes, like the misc devices, and never be used for conceptually limited
systems like the loop devices, which should rather get fixed properly and get a
control node for losetup to talk to, instead of creating a random number of
device nodes in advance, regardless if they are ever used.

This facility is to hide the mess distros are creating with too modualized
kernels, and just to hide that these modules are not compiled-in, and not to
paper-over broken concepts. Thanks! :)

Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
Cc: Tigran Aivazian <tigran@aivazian.fsnet.co.uk>
Cc: Ian Kent <raven@themaw.net>
Signed-Off-By: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

vhost_net: a kernel-level virtio server

What it is: vhost net is a character device that can be used to reduce
the number of system calls involved in virtio networking.
Existing virtio net code is used in the guest without modification.

There's similarity with vringfd, with some differences and reduced scope
- uses eventfd for signalling
- structures can be moved around in memory at any time (good for
migration, bug work-arounds in userspace)
- write logging is supported (good for migration)
- support memory table and not just an offset (needed for kvm)

common virtio related code has been put in a separate file vhost.c and
can be made into a separate module if/when more backends appear. I used
Rusty's lguest.c as the source for developing this part : this supplied
me with witty comments I wouldn't be able to write myself.

What it is not: vhost net is not a bus, and not a generic new system
call. No assumptions are made on how guest performs hypercalls.
Userspace hypervisors are supported as well as kvm.

How it works: Basically, we connect virtio frontend (configured by
userspace) to a backend. The backend could be a network device, or a tap
device. Backend is also configured by userspace, including vlan/mac
etc.

Status: This works for me, and I haven't see any crashes.
Compared to userspace, people reported improved latency (as I save up to
4 system calls per packet), as well as better bandwidth and CPU
utilization.

Features that I plan to look at in the future:
- mergeable buffers
- zero copy
- scalability tuning: figure out the best threading model to use

Note on RCU usage (this is also documented in vhost.h, near
private_pointer which is the value protected by this variant of RCU):
what is happening is that the rcu_dereference() is being used in a
workqueue item. The role of rcu_read_lock() is taken on by the start of
execution of the workqueue item, of rcu_read_unlock() by the end of
execution of the workqueue item, and of synchronize_rcu() by
flush_workqueue()/flush_work(). In the future we might need to apply
some gcc attribute or sparse annotation to the function passed to
INIT_WORK(). Paul's ack below is for this RCU usage.

(Includes fixes by Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>,
David L Stevens <dlstevens@us.ibm.com>,
Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>)

Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Driver-Core: extend devnode callbacks to provide permissions

This allows subsytems to provide devtmpfs with non-default permissions
for the device node. Instead of the default mode of 0600, null, zero,
random, urandom, full, tty, ptmx now have a mode of 0666, which allows
non-privileged processes to access standard device nodes in case no
other userspace process applies the expected permissions.

This also fixes a wrong assignment in pktcdvd and a checkpatch.pl complain.

Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

Driver Core: misc: add nodename support for misc devices.

This adds support for misc devices to report their requested nodename to
userspace. It also updates a number of misc drivers to provide the
needed subdirectory and device name to be used for them.

Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Jan Blunck <jblunck@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

[SCSI] mpt2sas: add MPT2SAS_MINOR(221) to miscdevice.h

Signed-off-by: Eric Moore <eric.moore@lsi.com>
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>

fuse: move FUSE_MINOR to miscdevice.h

Move FUSE_MINOR to miscdevice.h. While at it, de-uglify the file.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>

PM: Remove destroy_suspended_device()

After 2.6.24 there was a plan to make the PM core acquire all device
semaphores during a suspend/hibernation to protect itself from
concurrent operations involving device objects. That proved to be
too heavy-handed and we found a better way to achieve the goal, but
before it happened, we had introduced the functions
device_pm_schedule_removal() and destroy_suspended_device() to allow
drivers to "safely" destroy a suspended device and we had adapted some
drivers to use them. Now that these functions are no longer necessary,
it seems reasonable to remove them and modify their users to use the
normal device unregistration instead.

Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

Misc: Add possibility to remove misc devices during suspend/resume

Make it possible to unregister a misc device object in a safe way during a
suspend/resume cycle.

Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Michael Buesch <mb@bu3sch.de>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "John W. Linville" <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

KVM: Use own minor number

Use the minor number (232) allocated to kvm by lanana.

Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>

Driver core: change misc class_devices to be real devices

This also ment that some of the misc drivers had to also be fixed
up as they were assuming the device was a class_device.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

[PATCH] devfs: Remove the miscdevice devfs_name field as it's no longer needed

Also fixes all drivers that set this field.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

[PATCH] mark f_ops const in the inode

Mark the f_ops members of inodes as const, as well as fix the
ripple-through this causes by places that copy this f_ops and then "do
stuff" with it.

Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Linux-2.6.12-rc2

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!