License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

x86/timers: Make recalibrate_cpu_khz() void

recalibrate_cpu_khz() is called from powernow K7 and Pentium 4/Xeon
CPU freq driver. It recalibrates cpu frequency in case of SMP = n
and doesn't need to return anything.

Mark it void, also remove the #else branch.

Signed-off-by: Dou Liyang <douly.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1500003247-17368-2-git-send-email-douly.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com

x86/tsc: Remodel cyc2ns to use seqcount_latch()

Replace the custom multi-value scheme with the more regular
seqcount_latch() scheme. Along with scrapping a lot of lines, the latch
scheme is better documented and used in more places.

The immediate benefit however is not being limited on the update side.
The current code has a limit where the writers block which is hit by
future changes.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

sched/clock, x86/perf: Fix "perf test tsc"

People reported that commit:

5680d8094ffa ("sched/clock: Provide better clock continuity")

broke "perf test tsc".

That commit added another offset to the reported clock value; so
take that into account when computing the provided offset values.

Reported-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Reported-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Fixes: 5680d8094ffa ("sched/clock: Provide better clock continuity")
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

sched/clock, x86: Rewrite cyc2ns() to avoid the need to disable IRQs

Use a ring-buffer like multi-version object structure which allows
always having a coherent object; we use this to avoid having to
disable IRQs while reading sched_clock() and avoids a problem when
getting an NMI while changing the cyc2ns data.

MAINLINE PRE POST

sched_clock_stable: 1 1 1
(cold) sched_clock: 329841 331312 257223
(cold) local_clock: 301773 310296 309889
(warm) sched_clock: 38375 38247 25280
(warm) local_clock: 100371 102713 85268
(warm) rdtsc: 27340 27289 24247
sched_clock_stable: 0 0 0
(cold) sched_clock: 382634 372706 301224
(cold) local_clock: 396890 399275 399870
(warm) sched_clock: 38194 38124 25630
(warm) local_clock: 143452 148698 129629
(warm) rdtsc: 27345 27365 24307

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-s567in1e5ekq2nlyhn8f987r@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

sched/clock, x86: Move some cyc2ns() code around

There are no __cycles_2_ns() users outside of arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c,
so move it there.

There are no cycles_2_ns() users.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-01lslnavfgo3kmbo4532zlcj@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

sched/clock, x86: Use mul_u64_u32_shr() for native_sched_clock()

Use mul_u64_u32_shr() so that x86_64 can use a single 64x64->128 mul.

Before:

0000000000000560 <native_sched_clock>:
560: 44 8b 1d 00 00 00 00 mov 0x0(%rip),%r11d # 567 <native_sched_clock+0x7>
567: 55 push %rbp
568: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
56b: 45 85 db test %r11d,%r11d
56e: 75 4f jne 5bf <native_sched_clock+0x5f>
570: 0f 31 rdtsc
572: 89 c0 mov %eax,%eax
574: 48 c1 e2 20 shl $0x20,%rdx
578: 48 c7 c1 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%rcx
57f: 48 09 c2 or %rax,%rdx
582: 48 c7 c7 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%rdi
589: 65 8b 04 25 00 00 00 mov %gs:0x0,%eax
590: 00
591: 48 98 cltq
593: 48 8b 34 c5 00 00 00 mov 0x0(,%rax,8),%rsi
59a: 00
59b: 48 89 d0 mov %rdx,%rax
59e: 81 e2 ff 03 00 00 and $0x3ff,%edx
5a4: 48 c1 e8 0a shr $0xa,%rax
5a8: 48 0f af 14 0e imul (%rsi,%rcx,1),%rdx
5ad: 48 0f af 04 0e imul (%rsi,%rcx,1),%rax
5b2: 5d pop %rbp
5b3: 48 03 04 3e add (%rsi,%rdi,1),%rax
5b7: 48 c1 ea 0a shr $0xa,%rdx
5bb: 48 01 d0 add %rdx,%rax
5be: c3 retq

After:

0000000000000550 <native_sched_clock>:
550: 8b 3d 00 00 00 00 mov 0x0(%rip),%edi # 556 <native_sched_clock+0x6>
556: 55 push %rbp
557: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
55a: 48 83 e4 f0 and $0xfffffffffffffff0,%rsp
55e: 85 ff test %edi,%edi
560: 75 2c jne 58e <native_sched_clock+0x3e>
562: 0f 31 rdtsc
564: 89 c0 mov %eax,%eax
566: 48 c1 e2 20 shl $0x20,%rdx
56a: 48 09 c2 or %rax,%rdx
56d: 65 48 8b 04 25 00 00 mov %gs:0x0,%rax
574: 00 00
576: 89 c0 mov %eax,%eax
578: 48 f7 e2 mul %rdx
57b: 65 48 8b 0c 25 00 00 mov %gs:0x0,%rcx
582: 00 00
584: c9 leaveq
585: 48 0f ac d0 0a shrd $0xa,%rdx,%rax
58a: 48 01 c8 add %rcx,%rax
58d: c3 retq

MAINLINE POST

sched_clock_stable: 1 1
(cold) sched_clock: 329841 331312
(cold) local_clock: 301773 310296
(warm) sched_clock: 38375 38247
(warm) local_clock: 100371 102713
(warm) rdtsc: 27340 27289
sched_clock_stable: 0 0
(cold) sched_clock: 382634 372706
(cold) local_clock: 396890 399275
(warm) sched_clock: 38194 38124
(warm) local_clock: 143452 148698
(warm) rdtsc: 27345 27365

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-piu203ses5y1g36bnyw2n16x@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

x86: Delete non-required instances of include <linux/init.h>

None of these files are actually using any __init type directives
and hence don't need to include <linux/init.h>. Most are just a
left over from __devinit and __cpuinit removal, or simply due to
code getting copied from one driver to the next.

[ hpa: undid incorrect removal from arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S ]

Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1389054026-12947-1-git-send-email-paul.gortmaker@windriver.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

sched/x86: Fix overflow in cyc2ns_offset

When a machine boots up, the TSC generally gets reset. However,
when kexec is used to boot into a kernel, the TSC value would be
carried over from the previous kernel. The computation of
cycns_offset in set_cyc2ns_scale is prone to an overflow, if the
machine has been up more than 208 days prior to the kexec. The
overflow happens when we multiply *scale, even though there is
enough room to store the final answer.

We fix this issue by decomposing tsc_now into the quotient and
remainder of division by CYC2NS_SCALE_FACTOR and then performing
the multiplication separately on the two components.

Refactor code to share the calculation with the previous
fix in __cycles_2_ns().

Signed-off-by: Salman Qazi <sqazi@google.com>
Acked-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120310004027.19291.88460.stgit@dungbeetle.mtv.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

sched, x86: Avoid unnecessary overflow in sched_clock

(Added the missing signed-off-by line)

In hundreds of days, the __cycles_2_ns calculation in sched_clock
has an overflow. cyc * per_cpu(cyc2ns, cpu) exceeds 64 bits, causing
the final value to become zero. We can solve this without losing
any precision.

We can decompose TSC into quotient and remainder of division by the
scale factor, and then use this to convert TSC into nanoseconds.

Signed-off-by: Salman Qazi <sqazi@google.com>
Acked-by: John Stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20111115221121.7262.88871.stgit@dungbeetle.mtv.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

x86, nmi_watchdog: Remove all stub function calls from old nmi_watchdog

Now that the bulk of the old nmi_watchdog is gone, remove all
the stub variables and hooks associated with it.

This touches lots of files mainly because of how the io_apic
nmi_watchdog was implemented. Now that the io_apic nmi_watchdog
is forever gone, remove all its fingers.

Most of this code was not being exercised by virtue of
nmi_watchdog != NMI_IO_APIC, so there shouldn't be anything to
risky here.

Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: gorcunov@openvz.org
LKML-Reference: <1289578944-28564-3-git-send-email-dzickus@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

x86: Move tsc_calibration to x86_init_ops

TSC calibration is modified by the vmware hypervisor and paravirt by
separate means. Moorestown wants to add its own calibration routine as
well. So make calibrate_tsc a proper x86_init_ops function and
override it by paravirt or by the early setup of the vmware
hypervisor.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

x86: Simplify timer_ack magic in time_32.c

Let the compiler optimize the timer_ack magic away in the 32bit timer
interrupt and put the same code into time_64.c. It's optimized out for
CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC on 32bit and for 64bit because timer_ack is const 0
in both cases.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

x86: Add timer_init to x86_init_ops

The timer init code is convoluted with several quirks and the paravirt
timer chooser. Figuring out which code path is actually taken is not
for the faint hearted.

Move the numaq TSC quirk to tsc_pre_init x86_init_ops function and
replace the paravirt time chooser and the remaining x86 quirk with a
simple x86_init_ops function.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

sched, x86: Fix cpufreq + sched_clock() TSC scaling

For freqency dependent TSCs we only scale the cycles, we do not account
for the discrepancy in absolute value.

Our current formula is: time = cycles * mult

(where mult is a function of the cpu-speed on variable tsc machines)

Suppose our current cycle count is 10, and we have a multiplier of 5,
then our time value would end up being 50.

Now cpufreq comes along and changes the multiplier to say 3 or 7,
which would result in our time being resp. 30 or 70.

That means that we can observe random jumps in the time value due to
frequency changes in both fwd and bwd direction.

So what this patch does is change the formula to:

time = cycles * frequency + offset

And we calculate offset so that time_before == time_after, thereby
ridding us of these jumps in time.

[ Impact: fix/reduce sched_clock() jumps across frequency changing events ]

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Chucked-on-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

x86: fix mismerge in arch/x86/include/asm/timer.h

Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

[CPUFREQ] p4-clockmod reports wrong frequency.

http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10968

[ Updated for current tree, and fixed compile failure
when p4-clockmod was built modular -- davej]

From: Matthias-Christian Ott <ott@mirix.org>
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@brodo.de>
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>

x86: refactor x86_quirks support

Impact: cleanup

Make x86_quirks support more transparent. The highlevel
methods are now named:

extern void x86_quirk_pre_intr_init(void);
extern void x86_quirk_intr_init(void);

extern void x86_quirk_trap_init(void);

extern void x86_quirk_pre_time_init(void);
extern void x86_quirk_time_init(void);

This makes it clear that if some platform extension has to
do something here that it is considered ... weird, and is
discouraged.

Also remove arch_hooks.h and move it into setup.h (and other
header files where appropriate).

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

x86: Fix ASM_X86__ header guards

Change header guards named "ASM_X86__*" to "_ASM_X86_*" since:

a. the double underscore is ugly and pointless.
b. no leading underscore violates namespace constraints.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

x86, um: ... and asm-x86 move

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>