s390/entry: compare gmap asce to determine guest/host fault

With the current implementation, there are some cornercases where
a host fault would be treated as a guest fault, for example
when the sie instruction causes a program check. Therefore store
the gmap asce in ptregs, and use that to compare the primary asce
from the fault instead of matching instruction addresses.

Suggested-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>

s390/switch_to: use generic header file

Move the switch_to() implementation to process.c and use the generic
switch_to.h header file instead, like some other architectures.

This addresses also the oddity that the old switch_to() implementation
assigns the return value of __switch_to() to 'prev' instead of 'last',
like it should.

Remove also all includes of switch_to.h from C files, except process.c.

Acked-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>

s390/ptrace: make all psw related defines also available for asm

Use the _AC() macro to make all psw related defines also available for
assembler files.

Acked-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>

s390/ptrace: remove PSW_DEFAULT_KEY from uapi

Move PSW_DEFAULT_KEY from uapi/asm/ptrace.h to asm/ptrace.h. This is
possible, since it depends on PAGE_DEFAULT_ACC which is not part of
uapi. Or in other words: this define cannot be used without error.

Therefore remove it from uapi.

Acked-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>

s390/mm: start kernel with DAT enabled

The setup of the kernel virtual address space is spread
throughout the sources, boot stages and config options
like this:

1. The available physical memory regions are queried
and stored as mem_detect information for later use
in the decompressor.

2. Based on the physical memory availability the virtual
memory layout is established in the decompressor;

3. If CONFIG_KASAN is disabled the kernel paging setup
code populates kernel pgtables and turns DAT mode on.
It uses the information stored at step [1].

4. If CONFIG_KASAN is enabled the kernel early boot
kasan setup populates kernel pgtables and turns DAT
mode on. It uses the information stored at step [1].

The kasan setup creates early_pg_dir directory and
directly overwrites swapper_pg_dir entries to make
shadow memory pages available.

Move the kernel virtual memory setup to the decompressor
and start the kernel with DAT turned on right from the
very first istruction. That completely eliminates the
boot phase when the kernel runs in DAT-off mode, simplies
the overall design and consolidates pgtables setup.

The identity mapping is created in the decompressor, while
kasan shadow mappings are still created by the early boot
kernel code.

Share with decompressor the existing kasan memory allocator.
It decreases the size of a newly requested memory block from
pgalloc_pos and ensures that kernel image is not overwritten.
pgalloc_low and pgalloc_pos pointers are made preserved boot
variables for that.

Use the bootdata infrastructure to setup swapper_pg_dir
and invalid_pg_dir directories used by the kernel later.
The interim early_pg_dir directory established by the
kasan initialization code gets eliminated as result.

As the kernel runs in DAT-on mode only the PSW_KERNEL_BITS
define gets PSW_MASK_DAT bit by default. Additionally, the
setup_lowcore_dat_off() and setup_lowcore_dat_on() routines
get merged, since there is no DAT-off mode stage anymore.

The memory mappings are created with RW+X protection that
allows the early boot code setting up all necessary data
and services for the kernel being booted. Just before the
paging is enabled the memory protection is changed to
RO+X for text, RO+NX for read-only data and RW+NX for
kernel data and the identity mapping.

Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>

s390/ptrace: move short psw definitions to ptrace header file

The short psw definitions are contained in compat header files, however
short psws are not compat specific. Therefore move the definitions to
ptrace header file. This also gets rid of a compat header include in kvm
code.

Acked-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>

s390/ftrace: fix arch_ftrace_get_regs implementation

arch_ftrace_get_regs is supposed to return a struct pt_regs pointer
only if the pt_regs structure contains all register contents, which
means it must have been populated when created via ftrace_regs_caller.

If it was populated via ftrace_caller the contents are not complete
(the psw mask part is missing), and therefore a NULL pointer needs be
returned.

The current code incorrectly always returns a struct pt_regs pointer.

Fix this by adding another pt_regs flag which indicates if the
contents are complete, and fix arch_ftrace_get_regs accordingly.

Fixes: 894979689d3a ("s390/ftrace: provide separate ftrace_caller/ftrace_regs_caller implementations")
Reported-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Reported-by: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>

s390/ptrace: add last_break member to pt_regs

Instead of using args[0] for the value of the last breaking event
address register, add a member to make things more obvious.

Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>

s390/ptrace: add function argument access API

Add regs_get_kernel_argument() which returns Nth argument of a
function call.

This enables ftrace kprobe events to access kernel function arguments
via $argN syntax.

This is the s390 variant of commit a823c35ff2ed ("arm64: ptrace: Add
function argument access API").

Acked-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Steffen Maier <maier@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>

s390/ptrace: fix coding style

Reported-by: Steffen Maier <maier@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>

s390: rename PIF_SYSCALL_RESTART to PIF_EXECVE_PGSTE_RESTART

PIF_SYSCALL_RESTART is now only used to restart execve when loading
PGSTE binaries. Rename the flag to reflect that, and avoid people
thinking that this bit has anything to do with generic syscall
restarting.

Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>

s390: move restart of execve() syscall

On s390, execve might have to be restarted for PGSTE binaries
like kvm. In the past this was done via the PIF_SYSCALL_RESTART
bit. However, with the recent changes, syscalls are now restarted
differently. Now that execve() is the only call that might get
restarted via PIF_SYSCALL_RESTART, move the loop to do_syscall().
This also has the advantage that the restart is no longer visible
to userspace.

Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>

s390: add struct tpi_info to struct pt_regs

To avoid casting ptrace members, add a union containing
both struct tpi_info and explicit int_code/int_parm members.

Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>

s390: convert to generic entry

This patch converts s390 to use the generic entry infrastructure from
kernel/entry/*.

There are a few special things on s390:

- PIF_PER_TRAP is moved to TIF_PER_TRAP as the generic code doesn't
know about our PIF flags in exit_to_user_mode_loop().

- The old code had several ways to restart syscalls:

a) PIF_SYSCALL_RESTART, which was only set during execve to force a
restart after upgrading a process (usually qemu-kvm) to pgste page
table extensions.

b) PIF_SYSCALL, which is set by do_signal() to indicate that the
current syscall should be restarted. This is changed so that
do_signal() now also uses PIF_SYSCALL_RESTART. Continuing to use
PIF_SYSCALL doesn't work with the generic code, and changing it
to PIF_SYSCALL_RESTART makes PIF_SYSCALL and PIF_SYSCALL_RESTART
more unique.

- On s390 calling sys_sigreturn or sys_rt_sigreturn is implemented by
executing a svc instruction on the process stack which causes a fault.
While handling that fault the fault code sets PIF_SYSCALL to hand over
processing to the syscall code on exit to usermode.

The patch introduces PIF_SYSCALL_RET_SET, which is set if ptrace sets
a return value for a syscall. The s390x ptrace ABI uses r2 both for the
syscall number and return value, so ptrace cannot set the syscall number +
return value at the same time. The flag makes handling that a bit easier.
do_syscall() will just skip executing the syscall if PIF_SYSCALL_RET_SET
is set.

CONFIG_DEBUG_ASCE was removd in favour of the generic CONFIG_DEBUG_ENTRY.
CR1/7/13 will be checked both on kernel entry and exit to contain the
correct asces.

Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>

s390/mm: remove set_fs / rework address space handling

Remove set_fs support from s390. With doing this rework address space
handling and simplify it. As a result address spaces are now setup
like this:

CPU running in | %cr1 ASCE | %cr7 ASCE | %cr13 ASCE
----------------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------
user space | user | user | kernel
kernel, normal execution | kernel | user | kernel
kernel, kvm guest execution | gmap | user | kernel

To achieve this the getcpu vdso syscall is removed in order to avoid
secondary address mode and a separate vdso address space in for user
space. The getcpu vdso syscall will be implemented differently with a
subsequent patch.

The kernel accesses user space always via secondary address space.
This happens in different ways:
- with mvcos in home space mode and directly read/write to secondary
address space
- with mvcs/mvcp in primary space mode and copy from primary space to
secondary space or vice versa
- with e.g. cs in secondary space mode and access secondary space

Switching translation modes happens with sacf before and after
instructions which access user space, like before.

Lazy handling of control register reloading is removed in the hope to
make everything simpler, but at the cost of making kernel entry and
exit a bit slower. That is: on kernel entry the primary asce is always
changed to contain the kernel asce, and on kernel exit the primary
asce is changed again so it contains the user asce.

In kernel mode there is only one exception to the primary asce: when
kvm guests are executed the primary asce contains the gmap asce (which
describes the guest address space). The primary asce is reset to
kernel asce whenever kvm guest execution is interrupted, so that this
doesn't has to be taken into account for any user space accesses.

Reviewed-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>

s390: enable HAVE_FUNCTION_ERROR_INJECTION

This kernel feature is required for enabling BPF_KPROBE_OVERRIDE.

Define override_function_with_return() and regs_set_return_value()
functions, and fix compile errors in syscall_wrapper.h.

Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>

arch: replace _BITUL() in kernel-space headers with BIT()

Now that BIT() can be used from assembly code, we can safely replace
_BITUL() with equivalent BIT().

UAPI headers are still required to use _BITUL(), but there is no more
reason to use it in kernel headers. BIT() is shorter.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190609153941.17249-2-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

s390/bpf: correct broken uapi for BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT program type

To mitigate and correct the broken uapi for the BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT
program type, introduce a user_pt_regs structure (similar to arm64) that
exports parts from the beginnig of the pt_regs structure.

The export must start with the beginning of the pt_regs structure because
to correctly calculate BPF prologues for perf (regs_query_register_offset()).

For BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT program types, the BPF program is then passed
a user_pt_regs structure.

Note: Depending on future changes to the s390 pt_regs structure, consider
the user_pt_regs structure to be stable for a particular kernel version
only. (Of course, s390 tries to ensure keep it stable as much as possible.)

Signed-off-by: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-and-tested-by: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>

s390/mm,kvm: improve detection of KVM guest faults

The identification of guest fault currently relies on the PF_VCPU flag.
This is set in guest_entry_irqoff and cleared in guest_exit_irqoff.
Both functions are called by __vcpu_run, the PF_VCPU flag is set for
quite a lot of kernel code outside of the guest execution.

Replace the PF_VCPU scheme with the PIF_GUEST_FAULT in the pt_regs and
make the program check handler code in entry.S set the bit only for
exception that occurred between the .Lsie_gmap and .Lsie_done labels.

Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

s390/kvm: avoid global config of vm.alloc_pgste=1

The system control vm.alloc_pgste is used to control the size of the
page tables, either 2K or 4K. The idea is that a KVM host sets the
vm.alloc_pgste control to 1 which causes *all* new processes to run
with 4K page tables. For a non-kvm system the control should stay off
to save on memory used for page tables.

Trouble is that distributions choose to set the control globally to
be able to run KVM guests. This wastes memory on non-KVM systems.

Introduce the PT_S390_PGSTE ELF segment type to "mark" the qemu
executable with it. All executables with this (empty) segment in
its ELF phdr array will be started with 4K page tables. Any executable
without PT_S390_PGSTE will run with the default 2K page tables.

This removes the need to set vm.alloc_pgste=1 for a KVM host and
minimizes the waste of memory for page tables.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390: rename struct psw_bits members

Rename a couple of the struct psw_bits members so it is more obvious
for what they are good. Initially I thought using the single character
names from the PoP would be sufficient and obvious, but admittedly
that is not true.

The current implementation is not easy to use, if one has to look into
the source file to figure out which member represents the 'per' bit
(which is the 'r' member).

Therefore rename the members to sane names that are identical to the
uapi psw mask defines:

r -> per
i -> io
e -> ext
t -> dat
m -> mcheck
w -> wait
p -> pstate

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390: rename psw_bits enums

The address space enums that must be used when modifying the address
space part of a psw with the psw_bits() macro can easily be confused
with the psw defines that are used to mask and compare directly the
mask part of a psw.
We have e.g. PSW_AS_PRIMARY vs PSW_ASC_PRIMARY.

To avoid confusion rename the PSW_AS_* enums to PSW_BITS_AS_*.

In addition also rename the PSW_AMODE_* enums, so they also follow the
same naming scheme: PSW_BITS_AMODE_*.

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390: remove all usages of PSW_ADDR_INSN

Yet another leftover from the 31 bit era. The usual operation
"y = x & PSW_ADDR_INSN" with the PSW_ADDR_INSN mask is a nop for
CONFIG_64BIT.

Therefore remove all usages and hope the code is a bit less confusing.

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

s390: remove all usages of PSW_ADDR_AMODE

This is a leftover from the 31 bit area. For CONFIG_64BIT the usual
operation "y = x | PSW_ADDR_AMODE" is a nop. Therefore remove all
usages of PSW_ADDR_AMODE and make the code a bit less confusing.

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

s390/ptrace: get rid of long longs in psw_bits

The long longs were introduced by me in order to have a working
definition of the struct psw_bits also in 31 bit mode. Since that is
gone also get rid of the long longs.

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390/flags: use _BITUL macro

The defines that are used in entry.S have been partially converted to
use the _BITUL macro (setup.h). This patch converts the rest.

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390/flags: fix flag handling

The cpu flags and pt_regs flags fields are each 64 bits in size. A flag can
be set with helper functions like set_cpu_flags().

These functions create a mask using "1U << flag". This doesn't work if flag
is larger than 31, since 1U << 32 == 0.

So fix this in case we ever will have such flag numbers.

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390: remove 31 bit support

Remove the 31 bit support in order to reduce maintenance cost and
effectively remove dead code. Since a couple of years there is no
distribution left that comes with a 31 bit kernel.

The 31 bit kernel also has been broken since more than a year before
anybody noticed. In addition I added a removal warning to the kernel
shown at ipl for 5 minutes: a960062e5826 ("s390: add 31 bit warning
message") which let everybody know about the plan to remove 31 bit
code. We didn't get any response.

Given that the last 31 bit only machine was introduced in 1999 let's
remove the code.
Anybody with 31 bit user space code can still use the compat mode.

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390/uprobes: architecture backend for uprobes

Signed-off-by: Jan Willeke <willeke@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390: split TIF bits into CIF, PIF and TIF bits

The oi and ni instructions used in entry[64].S to set and clear bits
in the thread-flags are not guaranteed to be atomic in regard to other
CPUs. Split the TIF bits into CPU, pt_regs and thread-info specific
bits. Updates on the TIF bits are done with atomic instructions,
updates on CPU and pt_regs bits are done with non-atomic instructions.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390/ptrace: add struct psw and accessor function

Introduce a 'struct psw' which makes it easier to decode and test if
certain bits in a psw are set or are not set.
In addition also add a 'psw_bits()' helper define which allows to
directly modify and test a psw_t structure. E.g.

psw_t psw;
psw_bits(psw).t = 1; /* set dat bit */

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>

s390/ptrace: add support for PTRACE_SINGLEBLOCK

The PTRACE_SINGLEBLOCK option is used to get control whenever
the inferior has executed a successful branch. The PER option to
implement block stepping is successful-branching event, bit 32
in the PER-event mask.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390/uaccess: always run the kernel in home space

Simplify the uaccess code by removing the user_mode=home option.
The kernel will now always run in the home space mode.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390/irq: store interrupt information in pt_regs

Copy the interrupt parameters from the lowcore to the pt_regs structure
in entry[64].S and reduce the arguments of the low level interrupt handler
to the pt_regs pointer only. In addition move the test-pending-interrupt
loop from do_IRQ to entry[64].S to make sure that interrupt information
is always delivered via pt_regs.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390/ptrace: remove empty ifdefs

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

UAPI: (Scripted) Disintegrate arch/s390/include/asm

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>

s390: add support for transactional memory

Allow user-space processes to use transactional execution (TX).
If the TX facility is available user space programs can use
transactions for fine-grained serialization based on the data
objects that are referenced during a transaction. This is
useful for lockless data structures and speculative compiler
optimizations.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390: add support for runtime instrumentation

Allow user-space threads to use runtime instrumentation (RI). To enable RI
for a thread there is a new s390 specific system call, sys_s390_runtime_instr,
that takes as parameter a realtime signal number. If the RI facility is
available the system call sets up a control block for the calling thread with
the appropriate permissions for the thread to modify the control block.

The user-space thread can then use the store and modify RI instructions to
alter the control block and start/stop the instrumentation via RION/RIOFF.

If the user specified program buffer runs full RI triggers an external
interrupt. The external interrupt is translated to a real-time signal that
is delivered to the thread that enabled RI on that CPU. The number of
the real-time signal is the number specified in the RI system call. So,
user-space can select any available real-time signal number in case the
application itself uses real-time signals for other purposes.

The kernel saves the RI control blocks on task switch only if the running
thread was enabled for RI. Therefore, the performance impact on task switch
should be negligible if RI is not used.

RI is only enabled for user-space mode and is disabled for the supervisor
state.

Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Glauber <jang@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

s390/comments: unify copyright messages and remove file names

Remove the file name from the comment at top of many files. In most
cases the file name was wrong anyway, so it's rather pointless.

Also unify the IBM copyright statement. We did have a lot of sightly
different statements and wanted to change them one after another
whenever a file gets touched. However that never happened. Instead
people start to take the old/"wrong" statements to use as a template
for new files.
So unify all of them in one go.

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>

Audit: push audit success and retcode into arch ptrace.h

The audit system previously expected arches calling to audit_syscall_exit to
supply as arguments if the syscall was a success and what the return code was.
Audit also provides a helper AUDITSC_RESULT which was supposed to simplify things
by converting from negative retcodes to an audit internal magic value stating
success or failure. This helper was wrong and could indicate that a valid
pointer returned to userspace was a failed syscall. The fix is to fix the
layering foolishness. We now pass audit_syscall_exit a struct pt_reg and it
in turns calls back into arch code to collect the return value and to
determine if the syscall was a success or failure. We also define a generic
is_syscall_success() macro which determines success/failure based on if the
value is < -MAX_ERRNO. This works for arches like x86 which do not use a
separate mechanism to indicate syscall failure.

We make both the is_syscall_success() and regs_return_value() static inlines
instead of macros. The reason is because the audit function must take a void*
for the regs. (uml calls theirs struct uml_pt_regs instead of just struct
pt_regs so audit_syscall_exit can't take a struct pt_regs). Since the audit
function takes a void* we need to use static inlines to cast it back to the
arch correct structure to dereference it.

The other major change is that on some arches, like ia64, MIPS and ppc, we
change regs_return_value() to give us the negative value on syscall failure.
THE only other user of this macro, kretprobe_example.c, won't notice and it
makes the value signed consistently for the audit functions across all archs.

In arch/sh/kernel/ptrace_64.c I see that we were using regs[9] in the old
audit code as the return value. But the ptrace_64.h code defined the macro
regs_return_value() as regs[3]. I have no idea which one is correct, but this
patch now uses the regs_return_value() function, so it now uses regs[3].

For powerpc we previously used regs->result but now use the
regs_return_value() function which uses regs->gprs[3]. regs->gprs[3] is
always positive so the regs_return_value(), much like ia64 makes it negative
before calling the audit code when appropriate.

Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> [for x86 portion]
Acked-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> [for ia64]
Acked-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> [for uml]
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> [for sparc]
Acked-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> [for mips]
Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> [for ppc]

[S390] cleanup trap handling

Move the program interruption code and the translation exception identifier
to the pt_regs structure as 'int_code' and 'int_parm_long' and make the
first level interrupt handler in entry[64].S store the two values. That
makes it possible to drop 'prot_addr' and 'trap_no' from the thread_struct
and to reduce the number of arguments to a lot of functions. Finally
un-inline do_trap. Overall this saves 5812 bytes in the .text section of
the 64 bit kernel.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

[S390] allow all addressing modes

The user space program can change its addressing mode between the
24-bit, 31-bit and the 64-bit mode if the kernel is 64 bit. Currently
the kernel always forces the standard amode on signal delivery and
signal return and on ptrace: 64-bit for a 64-bit process, 31-bit for
a compat process and 31-bit kernels. Change the signal and ptrace code
to allow the full range of addressing modes. Signal handlers are
run in the standard addressing mode for the process.

One caveat is that even an 31-bit compat process can switch to the
64-bit mode. The next signal will switch back into the 31-bit mode
and there is no room in the 31-bit compat signal frame to store the
information that the program came from the 64-bit mode.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

[S390] cleanup psw related bits and pieces

Split out addressing mode bits from PSW_BASE_BITS, rename PSW_BASE_BITS
to PSW_MASK_BASE, get rid of psw_user32_bits, remove unused function
enabled_wait(), introduce PSW_MASK_USER, and drop PSW_MASK_MERGE macros.
Change psw_kernel_bits / psw_user_bits to contain only the bits that
are always set in the respective mode.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

[S390] addressing mode limits and psw address wrapping

An instruction with an address right below the adress limit for the
current addressing mode will wrap. The instruction restart logic in
the protection fault handler and the signal code need to follow the
wrapping rules to find the correct instruction address.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

[S390] signal race with restarting system calls

For a ERESTARTNOHAND/ERESTARTSYS/ERESTARTNOINTR restarting system call
do_signal will prepare the restart of the system call with a rewind of
the PSW before calling get_signal_to_deliver (where the debugger might
take control). For A ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK restarting system call
do_signal will set -EINTR as return code.
There are two issues with this approach:
1) strace never sees ERESTARTNOHAND, ERESTARTSYS, ERESTARTNOINTR or
ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK as the rewinding already took place or the
return code has been changed to -EINTR
2) if get_signal_to_deliver does not return with a signal to deliver
the restart via the repeat of the svc instruction is left in place.
This opens a race if another signal is made pending before the
system call instruction can be reexecuted. The original system call
will be restarted even if the second signal would have ended the
system call with -EINTR.

These two issues can be solved by dropping the early rewind of the
system call before get_signal_to_deliver has been called and by using
the TIF_RESTART_SVC magic to do the restart if no signal has to be
delivered. The only situation where the system call restart via the
repeat of the svc instruction is appropriate is when a SA_RESTART
signal is delivered to user space.

Unfortunately this breaks inferior calls by the debugger again. The
system call number and the length of the system call instruction is
lost over the inferior call and user space will see ERESTARTNOHAND/
ERESTARTSYS/ERESTARTNOINTR/ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK. To correct this a
new ptrace interface is added to save/restore the system call number
and system call instruction length.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

ptrace: unify show_regs() prototype

[ poleg@redhat.com: no need to declare show_regs() in ptrace.h, sched.h does this ]
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

[S390] ptrace cleanup

Overhaul program event recording and the code dealing with the ptrace
user space interface.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

[S390] remove ieee_instruction_pointer from thread_struct

The ieee_instruction_pointer can not be read from user space anymore
since git commit 613e1def6b52c399a8b72a5e11bc2e57d2546fb8, the ptrace
interface always returns zero. Remove it from the thread_struct. It
is still present in the user_regs_struct for compatability reasons.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

[S390] add breaking event address for user space

Copy the last breaking event address from the lowcore to a new
field in the thread_struct on each system entry. Add a new
ptrace request PTRACE_GET_LAST_BREAK and a new utrace regset
REGSET_LAST_BREAK to query the last breaking event.

This is useful for debugging wild branches in user space code.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

ptrace: move user_enable_single_step & co prototypes to linux/ptrace.h

While in theory user_enable_single_step/user_disable_single_step/
user_enable_blockstep could also be provided as an inline or macro there's
no good reason to do so, and having the prototype in one places keeps code
size and confusion down.

Roland said:

The original thought there was that user_enable_single_step() et al
might well be only an instruction or three on a sane machine (as if we
have any of those!), and since there is only one call site inlining
would be beneficial. But I agree that there is no strong reason to care
about inlining it.

As to the arch changes, there is only one thought I'd add to the
record. It was always my thinking that for an arch where
PTRACE_SINGLESTEP does text-modifying breakpoint insertion,
user_enable_single_step() should not be provided. That is,
arch_has_single_step()=>true means that there is an arch facility with
"pure" semantics that does not have any unexpected side effects.
Inserting a breakpoint might do very unexpected strange things in
multi-threaded situations. Aside from that, it is a peculiar side
effect that user_{enable,disable}_single_step() should cause COW
de-sharing of text pages and so forth. For PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, all these
peculiarities are the status quo ante for that arch, so having
arch_ptrace() itself do those is one thing. But for building other
things in the future, it is nicer to have a uniform "pure" semantics
that arch-independent code can expect.

OTOH, all such arch issues are really up to the arch maintainer. As
of today, there is nothing but ptrace using user_enable_single_step() et
al so it's a distinction without a practical difference. If/when there
are other facilities that use user_enable_single_step() and might care,
the affected arch's can revisit the question when someone cares about
the quality of the arch support for said new facility.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

s390: Add pt_regs register and stack access API

This API is needed for the kprobe-based event tracer.

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
LKML-Reference: <20100212123840.GB27548@osiris.boeblingen.de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>

[S390] 64-bit register support for 31-bit processes

From: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
From: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

[S390] s390: move machine flags to lowcore

Currently the storage of the machine flags is a globally exported unsigned
long long variable. By moving the storage location into the lowcore struct we
allow assembler code to check machine_flags directly even without needing a
register. Addtionally the lowcore and therefore the machine flags too will be
in cache most of the time.

Signed-off-by: Christian Ehrhardt <ehrhardt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

[S390] Expose a constant for the number of words representing the CRs

We need to use this value in the checkpoint/restart code and would like to
have a constant instead of a magic '3'.

Cc: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Dan Smith <danms@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

[S390] ptrace: no extern declarations for userspace

/include/asm/ptrace.h:275: extern's make no sense in userspace
/include/asm/ptrace.h:279: extern's make no sense in userspace
/include/asm/ptrace.h:280: extern's make no sense in userspace

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

remove __ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_SYS_PTRACE

All architectures now use the generic compat_sys_ptrace, as should every
new architecture that needs 32bit compat (if we'll ever get another).

Remove the now superflous __ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_SYS_PTRACE define, and also
kill a comment about __ARCH_SYS_PTRACE that was added after
__ARCH_SYS_PTRACE was already gone.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

[S390] fix system call parameter functions.

syscall_get_nr() currently returns a valid result only if the call
chain of the traced process includes do_syscall_trace_enter(). But
collect_syscall() can be called for any sleeping task, the result of
syscall_get_nr() in general is completely bogus.

To make syscall_get_nr() work for any sleeping task the traps field
in pt_regs is replace with svcnr - the system call number the process
is executing. If svcnr == 0 the process is not on a system call path.

The syscall_get_arguments and syscall_set_arguments use regs->gprs[2]
for the first system call parameter. This is incorrect since gprs[2]
may have been overwritten with the system call number if the call
chain includes do_syscall_trace_enter. Use regs->orig_gprs2 instead.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

[S390] ptrace changes

* System call parameter and result access functions
* Add tracehook calls
* Split syscall_trace into two functions do_syscall_trace_enter and
do_syscall_trace_exit

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

[S390] move include/asm-s390 to arch/s390/include/asm

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>