License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Replace <asm/uaccess.h> with <linux/uaccess.h> globally

This was entirely automated, using the script by Al:

PATT='^[[:blank:]]*#[[:blank:]]*include[[:blank:]]*<asm/uaccess.h>'
sed -i -e "s!$PATT!#include <linux/uaccess.h>!" \
$(git grep -l "$PATT"|grep -v ^include/linux/uaccess.h)

to do the replacement at the end of the merge window.

Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

powerpc/cell: Fix compilation with CONFIG_COREDUMP=n

Commit 046d662f4818 "coredump: make core dump functionality optional"
made the coredump optional, but didn't update the spufs code that
depends on it. That leads to build errors such as:

arch/powerpc/platforms/built-in.o: In function `.spufs_arch_write_note':
coredump.c:(.text+0x22cd4): undefined reference to `.dump_emit'
coredump.c:(.text+0x22cf4): undefined reference to `.dump_emit'
coredump.c:(.text+0x22d0c): undefined reference to `.dump_align'
coredump.c:(.text+0x22d48): undefined reference to `.dump_emit'
coredump.c:(.text+0x22e7c): undefined reference to `.dump_skip'

Fix it by adding some ifdefs in the cell code.

Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>

new helper: file_inode(file)

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

vfs: turn is_dir argument to kern_path_create into a lookup_flags arg

Where we can pass in LOOKUP_DIRECTORY or LOOKUP_REVAL. Any other flags
passed in here are currently ignored.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

new helper: done_path_create()

releases what needs to be released after {kern,user}_path_create()

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

pull unlock+dput() out into do_spu_create()

... and cleaning spufs_create() a bit, while we are at it

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

powerpc/spufs: Fix double unlocks

spufs return path has a bug where it could end up trying to
unlock an inode mutex twice. Fix it.

Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>

switch spufs guts to umode_t

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

powerpc: various straight conversions from module.h --> export.h

All these files were including module.h just for the basic
EXPORT_SYMBOL infrastructure. We can shift them off to the
export.h header which is a way smaller footprint and thus
realize some compile time gains.

Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>

switch do_spufs_create() to user_path_create(), fix double-unlock

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

kill path_lookup()

all remaining callers pass LOOKUP_PARENT to it, so
flags argument can die; renamed to kern_path_parent()

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

include cleanup: Update gfp.h and slab.h includes to prepare for breaking implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h

percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.

percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.

http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py

The script does the followings.

* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used,
gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.

* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains
core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
doesn't seem to be any matching order.

* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
file.

The conversion was done in the following steps.

1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400
files.

2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion,
some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added
inclusions to around 150 files.

3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.

4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.

5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h
inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each
slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
necessary.

6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.

7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).

* x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
* powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
* sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
* ia64 SMP allmodconfig
* s390 SMP allmodconfig
* alpha SMP allmodconfig
* um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig

8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
a separate patch and serve as bisection point.

Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>

[PATCH] don't pass bogus flags to LOOKUP_PARENT lookup in spufs

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Introduce path_put()

* Add path_put() functions for releasing a reference to the dentry and
vfsmount of a struct path in the right order

* Switch from path_release(nd) to path_put(&nd->path)

* Rename dput_path() to path_put_conditional()

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix cifs]
Signed-off-by: Jan Blunck <jblunck@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@suse.de>
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: <linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Steven French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

[POWERPC] Oprofile: Remove dependency on spufs module

This removes an OProfile dependency on the spufs module. This
dependency was causing a problem for multiplatform systems that are
built with support for Oprofile on Cell but try to load the oprofile
module on a non-Cell system.

Signed-off-by: Bob Nelson <rrnelson@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd.bergmann@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>

[POWERPC] spufs: Combine spufs_coredump_calls with spufs_calls

Because spufs might be built as a module, we can't have other parts of the
kernel calling directly into it, we need stub routines that check first if the
module is loaded.

Currently we have two structures which hold callbacks for these stubs, the
syscalls are in spufs_calls and the coredump calls are in spufs_coredump_calls.
In both cases the logic for registering/unregistering is essentially the same,
so we can simplify things by combining the two.

Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd.bergmann@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>

[POWERPC] cell: Unify spufs syscall path

At present, a built-in spufs will not use the spufs_calls callbacks, but
directly call sys_spu_create. This saves us an indirect branch, but
means we have duplicated functions - one for CONFIG_SPU_FS=y and one for
=m.

This change unifies the spufs syscall path, and provides access to the
spufs_calls structure through a get/put pair. At present, the only user
of the spufs_calls structure is spu_syscalls.c, but this will facilitate
adding the coredump calls later.

Everyone likes numbers, right? Here's a before/after comparison with
CONFIG_SPU_FS=y, doing spu_create(); close(); 64k times.

Before:
[jk@cell ~]$ time ./spu_create
performing 65536 spu_create calls

real 0m24.075s
user 0m0.146s
sys 0m23.925s

After:
[jk@cell ~]$ time ./spu_create
performing 65536 spu_create calls

real 0m24.777s
user 0m0.141s
sys 0m24.631s

So, we're adding around 11us per syscall, at the benefit of having
only one syscall path.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>

[POWERPC] spufs: Remove asmlinkage from do_spu_create

do_spu_create doesn't need the asmlinkage qualifier; remove it.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>

[POWERPC] spufs: Make file-internal functions & variables static

There are a few symbols used only in one file within spufs; this change
makes them static where suitable.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>

[CELL] spufs: extension of spu_create to support affinity definition

This patch adds support for additional flags at spu_create, which relate
to the establishment of affinity between contexts and contexts to memory.
A fourth, optional, parameter is supported. This parameter represent
a affinity neighbor of the context being created, and is used when defining
SPU-SPU affinity.
Affinity is represented as a doubly linked list of spu_contexts.

Signed-off-by: Andre Detsch <adetsch@br.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd.bergmann@de.ibm.com>

[CELL] spufs: remove unused file argument from spufs_run_spu()

From: Sebastian Siewior <cbe-oss-dev@ml.breakpoint.cc>

The 'file' argument is unused in spufs_run_spu(). This change removes
it.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd.bergmann@de.ibm.com>

[PATCH] struct path: convert powerpc

Signed-off-by: Josef Sipek <jsipek@fsl.cs.sunysb.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[POWERPC] spufs: Add infrastructure needed for gang scheduling

Add the concept of a gang to spufs as a new type of object.
So far, this has no impact whatsover on scheduling, but makes
it possible to add that later.

A new type of object in spufs is now a spu_gang. It is created
with the spu_create system call with the flags argument set
to SPU_CREATE_GANG (0x2). Inside of a spu_gang, it
is then possible to create spu_context objects, which until
now was only possible at the root of spufs.

There is a new member in struct spu_context pointing to
the spu_gang it belongs to, if any. The spu_gang maintains
a list of spu_context structures that are its children.
This information can then be used in the scheduler in the
future.

There is still a bug that needs to be resolved in this
basic infrastructure regarding the order in which objects
are removed. When the spu_gang file descriptor is closed
before the spu_context descriptors, we leak the dentry
and inode for the gang. Any ideas how to cleanly solve
this are appreciated.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd.bergmann@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>

[POWERPC] spufs: implement error event delivery to user space

This tries to fix spufs so we have an interface closer to what is
specified in the man page for events returned in the third argument of
spu_run.

Fortunately, libspe has never been using the returned contents of that
register, as they were the same as the return code of spu_run (duh!).

Unlike the specification that we never implemented correctly, we now
require a SPU_CREATE_EVENTS_ENABLED flag passed to spu_create, in
order to get the new behavior. When this flag is not passed, spu_run
will simply ignore the third argument now.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd.bergmann@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>

[PATCH] powerpc: cell namespace cleanup

These symbols are only used in the file that they are defined in,
so they should not be in the global namespace.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>

[PATCH] spufs: fix sparse warnings

One local variable is missing an __iomem modifier,
in another place, we pass a completely unused argument
with a missing __user modifier.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>

[PATCH] spufs: check for proper file pointer in sys_spu_run

Only checking for SPUFS_MAGIC is not reliable, because
it might not be unique in theory. Worse than that,
we accidentally allow spu_run to be performed on
any file in spufs, not just those returned from
spu_create as intended.

Noticed by Al Viro.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>

[PATCH] spufs: cooperative scheduler support

This adds a scheduler for SPUs to make it possible to use
more logical SPUs than physical ones are present in the
system.

Currently, there is no support for preempting a running
SPU thread, they have to leave the SPU by either triggering
an event on the SPU that causes it to return to the
owning thread or by sending a signal to it.

This patch also adds operations that enable accessing an SPU
in either runnable or saved state. We use an RW semaphore
to protect the state of the SPU from changing underneath
us, while we are holding it readable. In order to change
the state, it is acquired writeable and a context save
or restore is executed before downgrading the semaphore
to read-only.

From: Mark Nutter <mnutter@us.ibm.com>,
Uli Weigand <Ulrich.Weigand@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>

[PATCH] spufs: The SPU file system, base

This is the current version of the spu file system, used
for driving SPEs on the Cell Broadband Engine.

This release is almost identical to the version for the
2.6.14 kernel posted earlier, which is available as part
of the Cell BE Linux distribution from
http://www.bsc.es/projects/deepcomputing/linuxoncell/.

The first patch provides all the interfaces for running
spu application, but does not have any support for
debugging SPU tasks or for scheduling. Both these
functionalities are added in the subsequent patches.

See Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt on how to use
spufs.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>