doc: re-add CodingStyle and SubmittingPatches

Those files got moved to Documentation/process, but as they're very
well known files, add pointers to their new locations.

PS.: I opted to not merge this patch with the previous one
in order to make the diff of the previous one more consistent,
as it will show only renames.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>

docs: Remove space-before-label guidance from CodingStyle

Recent discussion has made it clear that there is no community consensus on
this particular rule. Remove it now, lest it inspire yet another set of
unwanted "cleanup" patches.

This partially reverts 865a1caa4b6b (CodingStyle: Clarify and complete
chapter 7).

Cc: Jean Delvare <jdelvare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Documentation/HOWTO: add cross-references to other documents

Add cross references for the documents mentioned at HOWTO and
are under the Documentation/ directory, using the ReST notation.

It should be noticed that HOWTO also mentions the /README file.
We opted to not touch it, for now, as making it build on
Sphinx would require it to be moved to a Documentation/foo
directory.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Documentation/CodingStyle: use the .. note:: markup where needed

There are two places there where there are notes that should
be highlighted. So, use the ReST note markup for such texts.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Documentation/CodingStyle: replace underline markups

Sphinx doesn't accept underline markups by purpose.
While there are ways to support underline via CSS, this won't
be portable with non-html outputs.

As we want CodingStyle to do emphasis, replace _foo_ by **foo**,
using bold emphasis.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Documentation/CodingStyle: use the proper tag for verbatim font

On Sphinx/ReST notation, ``foo`` means that foo will be will be
marked as inline literal, effectively making it to be presented
as a monospaced font.

As we want this document to be parsed by Sphinx, instead of using
"foo", use ``foo`` for the names that are literal, because it is an
usual typographic convention to use monospaced fonts for functions
and language commands on documents, and we're following such
convention on the other ReST books.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Documentation/CodingStyle: Convert to ReST markup

- Fix all chapter identation;
- add c blocks where needed;

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

CodingStyle: Remove "Don't use C99-style comments"

Because Linus may still be reading source code on greenbar paper
instead of color terminals with code syntax highlighting and
appropriate font decorations.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CA+55aFyQYJerovMsSoSKS7PessZBr4vNp-3QUUwhqk4A4_jcbg@mail.gmail.com

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>

CodingStyle: Clarify and complete chapter 7

Chapter 7 (Centralized exiting of functions) of the coding style
documentation is unclear at times, and lacks some information (such
as the possibility to indent labels with a single space.) Clarify and
complete it.

Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <jdelvare@suse.de>
Cc: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

docs: deprecate kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt

Now that the new Sphinx world order is taking over, the information in
kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt is outmoded. I hate to remove it altogether,
since it's one of those files that people expect to find. But we can add a
warning and fix all the other pointers to it.

Reminded-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Documentation/CodingStyle: add space before parenthesis in example macro

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gardner <tmg@fastmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Documentation: fix typo in CodingStyle

Simple typo: "it" for "is".

Signed-off-by: Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard <mpg@elzevir.fr>
Cc: Trivial Patch Monkey <trivial@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Documentation: CodingStyle: remove broken links in the References section

Remove 2 broken links for programming reference books in Appendix I. After
a lookup on an Internet archives web site, it seems that these links have
been broken for around 3 months. We can then assume that they will not be
back up and safely remove them from the documentation.

Signed-off-by: Olivier C. Larocque <olivier.c.larocque@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Documentation/CodingStyle: fix example macro parenthesis imbalance

Cc: Bartosz Golaszewski <bgolaszewski@baylibre.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Fixes: f2027543b9 ('documentation: update CodingStyle on local variables naming in macros')
Signed-off-by: Baruch Siach <baruch@tkos.co.il>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

documentation: update CodingStyle on local variables naming in macros

Describe proper naming convention for local variables in macros
resembling functions.

Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bgolaszewski@baylibre.com>
Cc: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation/CodingStyle: improve text layout

Try to make coding style documentation look a bit more readable and
consistent with the following:

- indent every code example in C to first tab-stop;
- surround every code example with empty lines, both top and bottom;
- remove empty lines where text looked way too spare;
- do not indent examples in elisp and kconfig;
- do not do any non-whitespace changes.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Kretov <firegurafiku@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Documentation/CodingStyle: fix tab-spaces mixture

Coding style description has a irregular mixture of tabs and spaces in two
places which is bad by any means and can possibly hurt somebody's sense
of beauty.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Kretov <firegurafiku@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

CodingStyle: enable emacs display of trailing whitespace

Suggest to developers who use emacs that they turn on the
instantaneous trailing-whitespace warning feature.

Signed-off-by: Alison Chaiken <alison_chaiken@mentor.com>
[jc: untabified to match its surroundings]
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

CodingStyle: add some more error handling guidelines

I added a paragraph on choosing label names, and updated the example
code to use a better label name. I also cleaned up the example code to
more modern style by moving the allocation out of the initializer and
changing the NULL check.

Perhaps the most common type of error handling bug in the kernel is "one
err bugs". CodingStyle already says that we should "avoid nesting" by
using error labels and one err style error handling tends to have
multiple indent levels, so this was already bad style. But I've added a
new paragraph explaining how to avoid one err bugs by using multiple
error labels which is, hopefully, more clear.

Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Julia Lawall <julia.lawall@lip6.fr>
[jc: added GFP_KERNEL to kmalloc() call]
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

CodingStyle: Add a chapter on conditional compilation

Document several common practices and conventions regarding conditional
compilation, most notably the preference for ifdefs in headers rather
than .c files.

Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

CodingStyle: fix a minor typo

There was a minor typo in the CodingStyle document where the word 'section'
had been spelled as 'secton'.

Signed-off-by: Raymond L. Rivera <ray.l.rivera@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

Documentation: expand/clarify debug documentation

The pr_debug() and related debug print macros all differ from the normal
pr_XXX() macros, in that the normal ones print unconditionally, while
the debug macros are compiled out unless DEBUG is defined or
CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG is set. This isn't obvious, and the only way to
find this out is either to review the actual printk.h code or to read
CodingStyle, and the message there doesn't highlight the fact.

Change Documentation/CodingStyle to clearly indicate that pr_debug() and
related debug printing macros behave differently than all other pr_XXX()
macros, and attempt to clarify when and where the different debug
printing methods might be used.

Add short comment to printk.h above the pr_XXX() macros indicating that
while these macros print unconditionally, pr_debug() does not.

Signed-off-by: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation/CodingStyle: allow multiple return statements per function

A surprising number of newbies interpret this section to mean that only
one return statement is allowed per function. Part of the problem is that
the "one return statement per function" rule is an actual style guideline
that people are used to from other projects.

Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Cc: Eduardo Valentin <eduardo.valentin@ti.com>
Cc: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation: remove depends on CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL

The CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL config item has not carried much meaning for a
while now and is almost always enabled by default. As agreed during the
Linux kernel summit, remove it from any "depends on" lines in Kconfigs.

CC: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
CC: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
CC: Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
CC: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
CC: Richard L Maliszewski <richard.l.maliszewski@intel.com>
CC: Gang Wei <gang.wei@intel.com>
CC: Shane Wang <shane.wang@intel.com>
CC: Harry Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>

CodingStyle: add networking specific block comment style

The block comment style in net/ and drivers/net is non-standard.
Document it.

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: "Allan, Bruce W" <bruce.w.allan@intel.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

CodingStyle: add kmalloc_array() to memory allocators

Add the new kmalloc_array() to the list of general-purpose memory
allocators in chapter 14.

Signed-off-by: Xi Wang <xi.wang@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jesper Juhl <jj@chaosbits.net>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation: CodingStyle: add inline assembly guidelines

Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation: update CodingStyle use of braces

After commit 38829dc9d7b4 ("Documentation/CodingStyle: flesh out if-else
examples") highlight that if _only_one_ branch of a conditional
statement is a single statement, then braces are to be used on both
branches.

Signed-off-by: Antonio Ospite <ospite@studenti.unina.it>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

CodingStyle: Document the exception of not splitting user-visible strings, for grepping

Patch reviewers now recommend not splitting long user-visible strings,
such as printk messages, even if they exceed 80 columns. This avoids
breaking grep. However, that recommendation did not actually appear
anywhere in Documentation/CodingStyle.

See, for example, the thread at
http://news.gmane.org/find-root.php?message_id=%3c1312215262.11635.15.camel%40Joe%2dLaptop%3e

Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation: update CodingStyle memory allocators

The list of available general purpose memory allocators in
Documentation/CodingStyle chapter 14 is incomplete. This patch adds
the missing vzalloc() to the list.

Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jj@chaosbits.net>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation/CodingStyle: flesh out if-else examples

There is a missing case for "Chapter 3: Placing Braces and Spaces". We
often know we should not use braces where a single statement. The first
case is:

if (condition)
action();

Another case is:

if (condition)
do_this();
else
do_that();

However, I can not find a description of the second case.

Signed-off-by: Harry Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation: update header filename in CodingStyle

pr_info() and pr_debug() are in linux/printk.h, not linux/kernel.h.
Last updated is unnecessary, we have git for that.

Signed-off-by: Roland Kammerer <dev.rck@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Harry Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

trivial: fix typo milisecond/millisecond for documentation and source comments.

Signed-off-by: Martin Olsson <martin@minimum.se>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

fix emacs indenting howto filename expansion

I don't think emacs understands tilde expansion, so use
"expand-file-name" to do that.

Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation: update CodingStyle tips for Emacs users

With the previous Emacs tips example the kernel style was made available
for files in the kernel-tree only. This patch updates the tip to add a
separate cc-mode indent style ("linux-tabs-only"). This makes it easy to
switch between different indent styles and also makes the kernel style
easily available for any filetype mode (c++, awk, ...) that is managed
by the Emacs cc-mode.

Signed-off-by: Teemu Likonen <tlikonen@iki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

documentation: update CodingStyle tips for Emacs users

Describe a setup that integrates better with Emacs' cc-mode and also fixes
up the alignment of continuation lines to really only use tabs.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

CodingStyle: relax the 80-cole rule

I would suggest this change to make CodingStyle properly reflect the style
used by the kernel, rather than the current wording which is wishful
thinking and misleading, and comes from the same school of thought that
gets off on prescriptive grammar, latin and comp.std.c

Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

dev_vdbg() documentation

Update CodingStyle to talk about "-DDEBUG" message conventions and the
new "-DVERBOSE_DEBUG" convention.

Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

CodingStyle: add information about editor modelines

I recently received a patch including a file that had a vim modeline,
and I realized that nothing specifically proscribed that practice.

Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

CodingStyle: add information about trailing whitespace

Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation: fix the explanation of Kconfig files

Fix the obvious errors in the explanation of Kconfig files.

Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Fix chapter reference in CodingStyle

commit 226a6b84aaaf1fac7a5d41cf4e7387fd9ba895d5 renumbered Chapter 11 in
Documentation/CodingStyle to Chapter 12, but it didn't update the reference
to that chapter further down in the file. This patch corrects the chapter
reference.

Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

CodingStyle: start flamewar about use of braces

Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.de>
Cc: Tilman Schmidt <tilman@imap.cc>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

[PATCH] Add a new section to CodingStyle, promoting include/linux/kernel.h

Add a new section to the CodingStyle file, encouraging people not to
re-invent available kernel macros such as ARRAY_SIZE(), FIELD_SIZEOF(),
min() and max(), among others.

Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] CodingStyle updates

Add some kernel coding style comments, mostly pulled from emails
by Andrew Morton, Jesper Juhl, and Randy Dunlap.

- add paragraph on switch/case indentation (with fixes)
- add paragraph on multiple-assignments
- add more on Braces
- add section on Spaces; add typeof, alignof, & __attribute__ with sizeof;
add more on postfix/prefix increment/decrement operators
- add paragraph on function breaks in source files; add info on
function prototype parameter names
- add paragraph on EXPORT_SYMBOL placement
- add section on /*-comment style, long-comment style, and data
declarations and comments
- correct some chapter number references that were missed when
chapters were renumbered

Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] Add section on function return values to CodingStyle

This patch (as776) adds a new chapter to Documentation/CodingStyle,
explaining the circumstances under which a function should return 0 for
failure and non-zero for success as opposed to a negative error code for
failure and 0 for success.

Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] CodingStyle: add typedefs chapter

Add a chapter on typedefs, copied from an email from Linus to lkml on Feb.
3, 2006. (Subject: Re: [RFC][PATCH 1/5] Virtualization/containers:
startup)

Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] CodingStyle correction

Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] Add a section about inlining to Documentation/CodingStyle

Adds a bit of text to Documentation/Codingstyle to state that inlining
everything "just because" is a bad idea

Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] docs: updated some code docs

Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] CodingStyle: memory allocation

This patch adds a new chapter on memory allocation to
Documentation/CodingStyle.

Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] Add kerneldoc reference to CodingStyle

Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Linux-2.6.12-rc2

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!