2.10. Updating Print Spooler Software and Startup Scripts

If you are replacing your existing print spooling spooling system, you must shut down and remove the existing print spooler software before installing the LPRng software. This process is fairly system dependent, and requires a small amount of system expertise.

To assist in this process the LPRng installation has a set of preinstall, postinstall, preremove, and postremove scripts in the distribution that may be suitable for your local system use. If these fail to work during the system installation, you will need to carry out the steps described here by hand.

2.10.1. SunOS, Linux, and BSD Derived Systems

The SunOS, Linux, and BSD derived systems such as BSDi, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and others use a version of the legacy or vintage lpd print server and the lpr, lprm, lpq, and lpc client programs. By convention, most of the printing related programs are in the /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/libexec, and /usr/ucb directories.

The lpd print spooler is started by either the rc startup script or by a startup script file in the /etc/rc.d/init.d or /etc/init.d directory. You can first locate the startup commands as follows.

  1. Use the find(1) utility to search the /etc directory for the file that contains the startup command.

        h4: {23} # cd /etc
        h4: {24} # find . -type f -exec grep -l lpd {} \; -print
        ./rc.local
    


  2. Examine each of the files found find the one that starts the lpd print spooler. You can simply comment out the command or change it to start the LPRng lpd print server.

        h4: {25} # more /etc/rc.local
        if [ -f /etc/printcap  -a -f /usr/libexec/lpd ] ; then
          /usr/libexec/lpd ;
        fi
        
        --- change this to
        if [ -f /etc/printcap  -a -f /usr/sbin/lpd ] ; then
          /usr/sbin/lpd ;
        fi
    


  3. If you have an existing printcap file, then you should either copy this to the location used by LPRng or make a symbolic link to it.



Next we kill the currently running lpd process.

    h4: {26} # ps -auxw |grep lpd
    papowell 23932  0.0  0.3  224  184  p3  S+  10:40AM  0:00.01 grep lpd
    daemon  17763  0.0  0.2  448  120  ??  IWs  29Mar99  0:01.35 (lpd)
    h4: {27} % kill 135
    h4: {28} % kill 135
    135: No such process


Next, you should remove or rename the existing print system executables. The following example shows how to use the find utility to track down candidates.

    h4: {29} # find /usr -type f -name lp\*  -print >/tmp/candidates
    h4: {30} # find /sbin -type f -name lp\*  -print >>/tmp/candidates
    h4: {31} # cat /tmp/candidates
    /usr/bin/lpunlock
    /usr/bin/lpqall.faces
    /usr/bin/lpq             <---- old
    /usr/bin/lpr             <---- old
    /usr/bin/lprm            <---- old
    /usr/bin/lptest
    /usr/doc/samba-1.9.18p10/examples/printer-accounting/lp-acct
    /usr/man/man1/lpq.1
    /usr/man/man1/lpr.1
    /usr/man/man1/lprm.1
    /usr/man/man1/lptest.1
    /usr/man/man4/lp.4
    /usr/man/man8/lpc.8
    /usr/man/man8/lpd.8
    /usr/sbin/lpc            <--- old
    /usr/sbin/lpd            <--- old
    /usr/sbin/lpf            <--- old
    h4: {32} # mv /usr/bin/lpq  /usr/bin/lpq.old
    h4: {33} # mv /usr/bin/lpr  /usr/bin/lpr.old
    h4: {34} # mv /usr/bin/lprm /usr/bin/lprm.old
    h4: {35} # mv /usr/sbin/lpc /usr/sbin/lpc.old
    h4: {36} # mv /usr/sbin/lpd /usr/sbin/lpd.old
    h4: {37} # mv /usr/sbin/lpf /usr/sbin/lpf.old


After all this, you should now run checkpc -f (as root) to make sure that the LPRng configuration is present and correctly set up, and then start lpd by hand. You should try to use lpq to see if the spool queues are present and set up correctly and the system is functional.

    h4: {38} # checkpc -f
    h4: {39} # lpd
    h4: {40} # lpq
    Printer: lw4@h2  'Hp : LaserWriter'
     Queue: no printable jobs in queue
     Status: job 'root@h2+884' removed at 11:27:25.864
     Filter_status: done at 11:27:25.766
    h4: {41} # lpr /etc/motd
    h4: {42} # lpq
    Printer: lw4@h2  'Hp : LaserWriter'
     Queue: no printable jobs in queue
     Status: job 'root@h2+888' removed at 11:27:25.864
     Filter_status: done at 11:33:17.020


Finally, you should reboot your machine and make sure that the lpd print server starts correctly.

2.10.2. Solaris, HP-UX, and other SysVR4 Derived Systems

The original SysVR4 (System V, Release 4) software did not have any support for RFC1179 network printing (Berkeley lpd). Support for this was added in a wide variety of different ways. There are a wide range of different ways that this was done, but most are based on the following system or process structure.

The lpsched process (/usr/lib/lp/lpsched/) process performs many of the functions of the LPRng and BSD lpd server. This process is responsible for overseeing job printing and starting processes for handling the print queues on the local host. This process must be shut down and the running print spooling servers terminated before LPRng can be correctly installed. While there is no simple and reliable method of shutting down a running lpsched process and the associated network services, it is simple to prevent the process from being started.

The preinstall.solaris script is a file in the LPRng distribution that contains most of the commands needed to remove the Solaris System V printing software. These are explained in detail in the sections below. The procedures outlined below can be used on other SystemVR4 systems.

    #!/bin/sh
    # This is an effort to automate the setup
    #  needed to install the LPRng software on the
    #  Solaris OS.  This is effectively a one way path.
    #  You are warned.
    PATH=/etc:/usr/etc:/usr/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
    # remove the init.d entry and links
    for i in /etc/rc*.d/*lp ; do
        b=`basename $i`;
        d=`dirname $i`;
        mv $i $d/UNUSED.$b.UNUSED
    done
    # rename files
    renameit () {
        for i in $* ; do
            if [ -f $i -a '!' -f $i.old ] ; then
                echo "renaming $i $i.old";
                mv $i $i.old
            fi
        done
    }
    renameit /usr/bin/lp /usr/bin/lpstat /usr/sbin/lpadmin \
      /usr/sbin/lpfilter /usr/sbin/lpforms /usr/sbin/lpmove \
      /usr/sbin/lpshut /usr/sbin/lpsystem /usr/sbin/lpusers \
      /usr/ucb/lpc /usr/ucb/lpq /usr/ucb/lpr /usr/ucb/lprm \
      /usr/ucb/lptest /usr/lib/lp/lpsched /usr/lib/lp/lpNet
    # remove the cron entry
    if [ -f /var/spool/cron/crontabs/lp ] ; then
        mv /var/spool/cron/crontabs/lp \
           /var/spool/cron/UNUSED.crontabs.lp
    fi
    # comment out inetd.conf entry
    if egrep '^printer' /etc/inetd.conf >/dev/null 2>& ; then
        mv /etc/inetd.conf /etc/inetd.conf.bak
        sed -e 's/^printer/# printer/' </etc/inetd.conf.bak \
           >/etc/inetd.conf
    fi
    # remove the nlsadmin entry
    nlsadmin -r lpd tcp
    nlsadmin -r lp tcp
    echo REBOOT SYSTEM and then install LPRng


First, you will need to remove the /etc/rc startup files in the /etc/rc*.d directories that start the lpsched process; see the init program man page for details. You can find these files by using:

    h4: {43} # cd /
    h4: {44} # find . -type f -exec grep -l lpsched {} \; -print >/tmp/files
    h4: {45} # cat /tmp/files
    /etc/rc0.d/K20lp
    /etc/rc2.d/K20lp
    /etc/rc2.d/S80lp
    /etc/init.d/lp
    h4: {46} # ls -l ` cat /tmp/files `
    lrwxrwxr-x 1 root bin 1 Dec 29 23:39 /etc/rc0.d/K20lp -> ../../init.d/lp
    lrwxrwxr-x 1 root bin 1 Dec 29 23:39 /etc/rc2.d/K20lp -> ../../init.d/lp
    lrwxrwxr-x 1 root bin 1 Dec 29 23:39 /etc/rc2.d/S80lp -> ../../init.d/lp
    -rwxr--r-- 5 root sys 460 Sep 1 1998 /etc/rcS.d/K39lp


You can remove these files, or simply comment out all of the executable commands in the /etc/init.d/lp file. Next, find all of the printing related commands and rename them. For example:

    h4: {47} # find /usr -type f -name lp\* -print >/etc/printingfiles
    h4: {48} # cat /tmp/printingfiles
    /usr/bin/lp
    /usr/bin/lpstat
    /usr/lib/lp/bin/lp.cat
    /usr/lib/lp/bin/lp.set
    /usr/lib/lp/bin/lp.tell
    /usr/lib/lp/lpNet
    /usr/lib/lp/lpsched
    /usr/lib/lp/lpdata
    /usr/sbin/lpadmin
    /usr/sbin/lpfilter
    /usr/sbin/lpforms
    /usr/sbin/lpmove
    /usr/sbin/lpshut
    /usr/sbin/lpsystem
    /usr/sbin/lpusers
    /usr/ucb/lpc
    /usr/ucb/lpq
    /usr/ucb/lpr
    /usr/ucb/lprm
    /usr/ucb/lptest
    h4: {49} # vi /tmp/printingfiles  # remove ones you want to save
    h4: {50} # for i in ` cat /tmp/printingfiles ` ; do
    >  if [ -f $i -a '!' -f $i.old ] ; then  mv $i $i.old ; fi;
    > done


On some systems there may be a cron file /var/spool/cron/crontabs/lp which is used to to periodically update and roll over error logs. You may want to remove this file or comment out its contents.

Check the /etc/inetd.conf file for a line like the one below and comment it out. This line is not present on all systems.

    printer stream tcp nowait root /usr/lib/print/in.lpd in.lpd


Use nlsadmin to force the TCP/IP listener to release the port, as illustrated below. This may not be present on all system.

    h4: {51} # nlsadmin -v tcp
    lpd  \x00020203000000000000000000000000  ENABLED  \
      NORPC  root  NOMODULES  /var/spool/lp/fifos/listenBSD  #
    0  \x00020ACE000000000000000000000000  ENABLED    \
      NORPC  root  NOMODULES  /usr/lib/saf/nlps_server  #
    lp  NOADDR  ENABLED  NORPC  root  NOMODULES \
      /var/spool/lp/fifos/listenS5  #
    h4: {52} # nlsadmin -r lpd tcp
    h4: {53} # nlsadmin -r lp tcp


Run pmadm -l as shown below.

    h2.private: {2} # pmadm -l
    PMTAG    PMTYPE   SVCTAG   FLGS ID    <PMSPECIFIC>
    zsmon    ttymon   ttya     u    root  /dev/term/a I - /usr/bin/login ...
    zsmon    ttymon   ttyb     u    root  /dev/term/b I - /usr/bin/login ...
If you see zsmon entries for SystemV lpsched support, then use pmadm -r to remove them. These may not be present on all system. See the pmadm man page for details on the -r literal.

You must now reboot the host.

    h4: {54} # shutdown -y "Whooga! Whooga! Dive! Dive! System going down."


When the system reboots, make sure that there is no process listening on port 515 (printer port) by using:

    h4: {55} # telnet localhost 515


If you can connect, then there is a problem beyond the scope of these instructions.

Compile and/or install the LPRng software. Make sure that the LPRng startup files have been installed correctly in /etc/init.d/lprng and that the symbolic links to the file have been made correctly. The LPRng startup file will usually have the following contents and you should use the same filename formats that the lp startup files had for the links to the /etc/init.d/lprng startup file:

    LPD_PATH=/usr/sbin/lpd
    SHOWALL=-e
    case "$1" in
      start)
            # Start daemons.
            /bin/echo "Starting lpd: \c"
            ${LPD_PATH}
            /bin/echo ""
            ;;
      stop)
            # Stop daemons.
            /bin/echo "Shutting down lpd: \c"
            kill -INT `ps ${SHOWALL} \
               | awk '/lpd/{ print $1;}'` >/dev/null 2>&1
            /bin/echo " server stopped";
            ;;
      *)
            echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
            exit 1
            ;;
    esac
Start the lpd server and then test it:
    h4: {56} # checkpc -f
    h4: {57} # /usr/sbin/lpd (or /usr/local/sbin/lpd)
    h4: {58} # lpq
    Printer: lp
     Queue: no printable jobs in queue