| ppp.8.m4 (46686) | ppp.8.m4 (47061) |
|---|---|
| 1.\" $Id: ppp.8,v 1.166 1999/05/02 08:52:50 brian Exp $ | 1.\" $Id: ppp.8,v 1.167 1999/05/08 11:07:25 brian Exp $ |
| 2.Dd 20 September 1995 3.nr XX \w'\fC00' 4.Os FreeBSD 5.Dt PPP 8 6.Sh NAME 7.Nm ppp 8.Nd Point to Point Protocol (a.k.a. user-ppp) 9.Sh SYNOPSIS --- 133 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 143.Em alive 144filter for keeping a connection alive with the trigger packet. 145.It Tunnel driver supports bpf. 146The user can use 147.Xr tcpdump 1 148to check the packet flow over the 149.Em PPP 150link. | 2.Dd 20 September 1995 3.nr XX \w'\fC00' 4.Os FreeBSD 5.Dt PPP 8 6.Sh NAME 7.Nm ppp 8.Nd Point to Point Protocol (a.k.a. user-ppp) 9.Sh SYNOPSIS --- 133 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 143.Em alive 144filter for keeping a connection alive with the trigger packet. 145.It Tunnel driver supports bpf. 146The user can use 147.Xr tcpdump 1 148to check the packet flow over the 149.Em PPP 150link. |
| 151.It Supports PPP over TCP capability. | 151.It Supports PPP over TCP and PPP over UDP. |
| 152If a device name is specified as | 152If a device name is specified as |
| 153.Em host Ns No : Ns Em port , | 153.Em host Ns No : Ns Em port Ns 154.Op / Ns Em tcp Ns No | Ns Em udp , |
| 154.Nm | 155.Nm |
| 155will open a TCP connection for transporting data rather than using a 156conventional serial device. | 156will open a TCP or UDP connection for transporting data rather than using a 157conventional serial device. UDP connections force 158.Nm 159into synchronous mode. |
| 157.It "Supports IETF draft Predictor-1 (rfc 1978) and DEFLATE (rfc 1979) compression." 158.Nm 159supports not only VJ-compression but also Predictor-1 and DEFLATE compression. 160Normally, a modem has built-in compression (e.g. v42.bis) and the system 161may receive higher data rates from it as a result of such compression. 162While this is generally a good thing in most other situations, this 163higher speed data imposes a penalty on the system by increasing the 164number of serial interrupts the system has to process in talking to the --- 1032 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1197.Ar callback-number 1198may also contain a list of numbers or a 1199.Dq \&* , 1200as if passed to the 1201.Dq set cbcp 1202command. The value will be used in 1203.Nm ppp Ns No s 1204subsequent CBCP phase. | 160.It "Supports IETF draft Predictor-1 (rfc 1978) and DEFLATE (rfc 1979) compression." 161.Nm 162supports not only VJ-compression but also Predictor-1 and DEFLATE compression. 163Normally, a modem has built-in compression (e.g. v42.bis) and the system 164may receive higher data rates from it as a result of such compression. 165While this is generally a good thing in most other situations, this 166higher speed data imposes a penalty on the system by increasing the 167number of serial interrupts the system has to process in talking to the --- 1032 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1200.Ar callback-number 1201may also contain a list of numbers or a 1202.Dq \&* , 1203as if passed to the 1204.Dq set cbcp 1205command. The value will be used in 1206.Nm ppp Ns No s 1207subsequent CBCP phase. |
| 1205.Sh PPP OVER TCP (a.k.a Tunnelling) | 1208.Sh PPP OVER TCP and UDP (a.k.a Tunnelling) |
| 1206Instead of running 1207.Nm 1208over a serial link, it is possible to | 1209Instead of running 1210.Nm 1211over a serial link, it is possible to |
| 1209use a TCP connection instead by specifying a host and port as the | 1212use a TCP connection instead by specifying the host, port and protocol as the |
| 1210device: 1211.Pp | 1213device: 1214.Pp |
| 1212.Dl set device ui-gate:6669 | 1215.Dl set device ui-gate:6669/tcp |
| 1213.Pp 1214Instead of opening a serial device, 1215.Nm 1216will open a TCP connection to the given machine on the given 1217socket. It should be noted however that 1218.Nm 1219doesn't use the telnet protocol and will be unable to negotiate 1220with a telnet server. You should set up a port for receiving this --- 52 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1273database. 1274.Pp 1275The entry in 1276.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf 1277on awfulhak (the initiator) should contain the following: 1278.Bd -literal -offset indent 1279ui-gate: 1280 set escape 0xff | 1216.Pp 1217Instead of opening a serial device, 1218.Nm 1219will open a TCP connection to the given machine on the given 1220socket. It should be noted however that 1221.Nm 1222doesn't use the telnet protocol and will be unable to negotiate 1223with a telnet server. You should set up a port for receiving this --- 52 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1276database. 1277.Pp 1278The entry in 1279.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf 1280on awfulhak (the initiator) should contain the following: 1281.Bd -literal -offset indent 1282ui-gate: 1283 set escape 0xff |
| 1281 set device ui-gate:ppp-in | 1284 set device ui-gate:ppp-in/tcp |
| 1282 set dial 1283 set timeout 30 1284 set log Phase Chat Connect hdlc LCP IPCP CCP tun 1285 set ifaddr 10.0.4.2 10.0.4.1 1286 add 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.4.1 1287.Ed 1288.Pp 1289Again, if you're enabling PAP, you'll also need: --- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1303"route" on ui-gate to the 10.0.1.0/24 network. 1304The networks are effectively bridged - the underlying TCP 1305connection may be across a public network (such as the 1306Internet), and the 1307.Em PPP 1308traffic is conceptually encapsulated 1309(although not packet by packet) inside the TCP stream between 1310the two gateways. | 1285 set dial 1286 set timeout 30 1287 set log Phase Chat Connect hdlc LCP IPCP CCP tun 1288 set ifaddr 10.0.4.2 10.0.4.1 1289 add 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.4.1 1290.Ed 1291.Pp 1292Again, if you're enabling PAP, you'll also need: --- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1306"route" on ui-gate to the 10.0.1.0/24 network. 1307The networks are effectively bridged - the underlying TCP 1308connection may be across a public network (such as the 1309Internet), and the 1310.Em PPP 1311traffic is conceptually encapsulated 1312(although not packet by packet) inside the TCP stream between 1313the two gateways. |
| 1314.Pp |
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| 1311The major disadvantage of this mechanism is that there are two 1312"guaranteed delivery" mechanisms in place - the underlying TCP 1313stream and whatever protocol is used over the 1314.Em PPP 1315link - probably TCP again. If packets are lost, both levels will 1316get in each others way trying to negotiate sending of the missing 1317packet. | 1315The major disadvantage of this mechanism is that there are two 1316"guaranteed delivery" mechanisms in place - the underlying TCP 1317stream and whatever protocol is used over the 1318.Em PPP 1319link - probably TCP again. If packets are lost, both levels will 1320get in each others way trying to negotiate sending of the missing 1321packet. |
| 1322.Pp 1323To avoid this overhead, it is also possible to do all this using 1324UDP instead of TCP as the transport by simply changing the protocol 1325from "tcp" to "udp". When using UDP as a transport, 1326.Nm 1327will operate in synchronous mode. This is another gain as the incoming 1328data does not have to be rearranged into packets. 1329.Pp |
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| 1318.Sh PACKET ALIASING 1319The 1320.Fl alias 1321command line option enables packet aliasing. This allows the 1322.Nm 1323host to act as a masquerading gateway for other computers over 1324a local area network. Outgoing IP packets are aliased so that 1325they appear to come from the --- 591 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1917.It Li IPCP 1918Generate an IPCP packet trace. 1919.It Li LCP 1920Generate an LCP packet trace. 1921.It Li LQM 1922Generate LQR reports. 1923.It Li Phase 1924Phase transition log output. | 1330.Sh PACKET ALIASING 1331The 1332.Fl alias 1333command line option enables packet aliasing. This allows the 1334.Nm 1335host to act as a masquerading gateway for other computers over 1336a local area network. Outgoing IP packets are aliased so that 1337they appear to come from the --- 591 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1929.It Li IPCP 1930Generate an IPCP packet trace. 1931.It Li LCP 1932Generate an LCP packet trace. 1933.It Li LQM 1934Generate LQR reports. 1935.It Li Phase 1936Phase transition log output. |
| 1937.It Li Physical 1938Dump physical level packet in hex. 1939.It Li Sync 1940Dump sync level packet in hex. |
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| 1925.It Li TCP/IP 1926Dump all TCP/IP packets. 1927.It Li Timer 1928Log timer manipulation. 1929.It Li TUN 1930Include the tun device on each log line. 1931.It Li Warning 1932Output to the terminal device. If there is currently no terminal, --- 1570 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 3503.Pp 3504If it begins with an exclamation mark, the rest of the device name is 3505treated as a program name, and that program is executed when the device 3506is opened. Standard input, output and error are fed back to 3507.Nm 3508and are read and written as if they were a regular device. 3509.Pp 3510If a | 1941.It Li TCP/IP 1942Dump all TCP/IP packets. 1943.It Li Timer 1944Log timer manipulation. 1945.It Li TUN 1946Include the tun device on each log line. 1947.It Li Warning 1948Output to the terminal device. If there is currently no terminal, --- 1570 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 3519.Pp 3520If it begins with an exclamation mark, the rest of the device name is 3521treated as a program name, and that program is executed when the device 3522is opened. Standard input, output and error are fed back to 3523.Nm 3524and are read and written as if they were a regular device. 3525.Pp 3526If a |
| 3511.Dq host:port 3512pair is given, | 3527.Dq host:port Ns Op /tcp|/udp 3528specification is given, |
| 3513.Nm 3514will attempt to connect to the given 3515.Dq host 3516on the given 3517.Dq port . | 3529.Nm 3530will attempt to connect to the given 3531.Dq host 3532on the given 3533.Dq port . |
| 3518Refer to the section on 3519.Em PPP OVER TCP | 3534If a tcp or udp specification is not given, the default is tcp. Refer to 3535the section on 3536.Em PPP OVER TCP and UDP |
| 3520above for further details. 3521.Pp 3522If multiple 3523.Dq values 3524are specified, 3525.Nm 3526will attempt to open each one in turn until it succeeds or runs out of 3527devices. --- 269 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 3797will only negotiate 3798.Dq 10.0.0.1 3799as the local IP number, but may assign any of the given 10 IP 3800numbers to the peer. If the peer requests one of these numbers, 3801and that number is not already in use, 3802.Nm 3803will grant the peers request. This is useful if the peer wants 3804to re-establish a link using the same IP number as was previously | 3537above for further details. 3538.Pp 3539If multiple 3540.Dq values 3541are specified, 3542.Nm 3543will attempt to open each one in turn until it succeeds or runs out of 3544devices. --- 269 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 3814will only negotiate 3815.Dq 10.0.0.1 3816as the local IP number, but may assign any of the given 10 IP 3817numbers to the peer. If the peer requests one of these numbers, 3818and that number is not already in use, 3819.Nm 3820will grant the peers request. This is useful if the peer wants 3821to re-establish a link using the same IP number as was previously |
| 3805allocated (thus maintaining any existing tcp connections). | 3822allocated (thus maintaining any existing tcp or udp connections). |
| 3806.Pp 3807If the peer requests an IP number that's either outside 3808of this range or is already in use, 3809.Nm 3810will suggest a random unused IP number from the range. 3811.Pp 3812If 3813.Ar triggeraddr --- 428 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 4242with a server socket, the 4243.Xr pppctl 8 4244command is the preferred mechanism of communications. Currently, 4245.Xr telnet 1 4246can also be used, but link encryption may be implemented in the future, so 4247.Xr telnet 1 4248should not be relied upon. 4249.It set speed Ar value | 3823.Pp 3824If the peer requests an IP number that's either outside 3825of this range or is already in use, 3826.Nm 3827will suggest a random unused IP number from the range. 3828.Pp 3829If 3830.Ar triggeraddr --- 428 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 4259with a server socket, the 4260.Xr pppctl 8 4261command is the preferred mechanism of communications. Currently, 4262.Xr telnet 1 4263can also be used, but link encryption may be implemented in the future, so 4264.Xr telnet 1 4265should not be relied upon. 4266.It set speed Ar value |
| 4250This sets the speed of the serial device. | 4267This sets the speed of the serial device. If speed is specified as 4268.Dq sync , 4269.Nm 4270treats the device as a synchronous device. 4271.Pp 4272Certain device types will know whether they should be specified as 4273synchronous or asynchronous. These devices will override incorrect 4274settings and log a warning to this effect. |
| 4251.It set stopped Op Ar LCPseconds Op Ar CCPseconds 4252If this option is set, 4253.Nm 4254will time out after the given FSM (Finite State Machine) has been in 4255the stopped state for the given number of 4256.Dq seconds . 4257This option may be useful if the peer sends a terminate request, 4258but never actually closes the connection despite our sending a terminate --- 250 unchanged lines hidden --- | 4275.It set stopped Op Ar LCPseconds Op Ar CCPseconds 4276If this option is set, 4277.Nm 4278will time out after the given FSM (Finite State Machine) has been in 4279the stopped state for the given number of 4280.Dq seconds . 4281This option may be useful if the peer sends a terminate request, 4282but never actually closes the connection despite our sending a terminate --- 250 unchanged lines hidden --- |