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cpp.1 (162509) cpp.1 (171825)
1.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.14
2.\"
3.\" Standard preamble:
4.\" ========================================================================
5.de Sh \" Subsection heading
6.br
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124. ds Th \o'LP'
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128.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
129.\" ========================================================================
130.\"
131.IX Title "CPP 1"
1.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.14
2.\"
3.\" Standard preamble:
4.\" ========================================================================
5.de Sh \" Subsection heading
6.br
7.if t .Sp
8.ne 5

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124. ds Th \o'LP'
125. ds ae ae
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128.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
129.\" ========================================================================
130.\"
131.IX Title "CPP 1"
132.TH CPP 1 "2006-03-06" "gcc-3.4.6" "GNU"
132.TH CPP 1 "2007-07-19" "gcc-4.2.1" "GNU"
133.SH "NAME"
134cpp \- The C Preprocessor
135.SH "SYNOPSIS"
136.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
137cpp [\fB\-D\fR\fImacro\fR[=\fIdefn\fR]...] [\fB\-U\fR\fImacro\fR]
133.SH "NAME"
134cpp \- The C Preprocessor
135.SH "SYNOPSIS"
136.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
137cpp [\fB\-D\fR\fImacro\fR[=\fIdefn\fR]...] [\fB\-U\fR\fImacro\fR]
138 [\fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR...] [\fB\-W\fR\fIwarn\fR...]
138 [\fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR...] [\fB\-iquote\fR\fIdir\fR...]
139 [\fB\-W\fR\fIwarn\fR...]
139 [\fB\-M\fR|\fB\-MM\fR] [\fB\-MG\fR] [\fB\-MF\fR \fIfilename\fR]
140 [\fB\-MP\fR] [\fB\-MQ\fR \fItarget\fR...]
141 [\fB\-MT\fR \fItarget\fR...]
142 [\fB\-P\fR] [\fB\-fno\-working\-directory\fR]
143 [\fB\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR] [\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR]
144 \fIinfile\fR \fIoutfile\fR
145.PP
146Only the most useful options are listed here; see below for the remainder.

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213Many options have multi-letter names; therefore multiple single-letter
214options may \fInot\fR be grouped: \fB\-dM\fR is very different from
215\&\fB\-d\ \-M\fR.
216.IP "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR" 4
217.IX Item "-D name"
218Predefine \fIname\fR as a macro, with definition \f(CW1\fR.
219.IP "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIdefinition\fR" 4
220.IX Item "-D name=definition"
140 [\fB\-M\fR|\fB\-MM\fR] [\fB\-MG\fR] [\fB\-MF\fR \fIfilename\fR]
141 [\fB\-MP\fR] [\fB\-MQ\fR \fItarget\fR...]
142 [\fB\-MT\fR \fItarget\fR...]
143 [\fB\-P\fR] [\fB\-fno\-working\-directory\fR]
144 [\fB\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR] [\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR]
145 \fIinfile\fR \fIoutfile\fR
146.PP
147Only the most useful options are listed here; see below for the remainder.

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214Many options have multi-letter names; therefore multiple single-letter
215options may \fInot\fR be grouped: \fB\-dM\fR is very different from
216\&\fB\-d\ \-M\fR.
217.IP "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR" 4
218.IX Item "-D name"
219Predefine \fIname\fR as a macro, with definition \f(CW1\fR.
220.IP "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIdefinition\fR" 4
221.IX Item "-D name=definition"
221Predefine \fIname\fR as a macro, with definition \fIdefinition\fR.
222The contents of \fIdefinition\fR are tokenized and processed as if
223they appeared during translation phase three in a \fB#define\fR
224directive. In particular, the definition will be truncated by
225embedded newline characters.
226.Sp
227If you are invoking the preprocessor from a shell or shell-like
228program you may need to use the shell's quoting syntax to protect
229characters such as spaces that have a meaning in the shell syntax.

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277.IP "\fB\-Wcomments\fR" 4
278.IX Item "-Wcomments"
279.PD
280Warn whenever a comment-start sequence \fB/*\fR appears in a \fB/*\fR
281comment, or whenever a backslash-newline appears in a \fB//\fR comment.
282(Both forms have the same effect.)
283.IP "\fB\-Wtrigraphs\fR" 4
284.IX Item "-Wtrigraphs"
222The contents of \fIdefinition\fR are tokenized and processed as if
223they appeared during translation phase three in a \fB#define\fR
224directive. In particular, the definition will be truncated by
225embedded newline characters.
226.Sp
227If you are invoking the preprocessor from a shell or shell-like
228program you may need to use the shell's quoting syntax to protect
229characters such as spaces that have a meaning in the shell syntax.

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277.IP "\fB\-Wcomments\fR" 4
278.IX Item "-Wcomments"
279.PD
280Warn whenever a comment-start sequence \fB/*\fR appears in a \fB/*\fR
281comment, or whenever a backslash-newline appears in a \fB//\fR comment.
282(Both forms have the same effect.)
283.IP "\fB\-Wtrigraphs\fR" 4
284.IX Item "-Wtrigraphs"
285@anchor{Wtrigraphs}
286Most trigraphs in comments cannot affect the meaning of the program.
287However, a trigraph that would form an escaped newline (\fB??/\fR at
288the end of a line) can, by changing where the comment begins or ends.
289Therefore, only trigraphs that would form escaped newlines produce
290warnings inside a comment.
291.Sp
292This option is implied by \fB\-Wall\fR. If \fB\-Wall\fR is not
293given, this option is still enabled unless trigraphs are enabled. To

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311Warn about macros defined in the main file that are unused. A macro
312is \fIused\fR if it is expanded or tested for existence at least once.
313The preprocessor will also warn if the macro has not been used at the
314time it is redefined or undefined.
315.Sp
316Built-in macros, macros defined on the command line, and macros
317defined in include files are not warned about.
318.Sp
285Most trigraphs in comments cannot affect the meaning of the program.
286However, a trigraph that would form an escaped newline (\fB??/\fR at
287the end of a line) can, by changing where the comment begins or ends.
288Therefore, only trigraphs that would form escaped newlines produce
289warnings inside a comment.
290.Sp
291This option is implied by \fB\-Wall\fR. If \fB\-Wall\fR is not
292given, this option is still enabled unless trigraphs are enabled. To

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310Warn about macros defined in the main file that are unused. A macro
311is \fIused\fR if it is expanded or tested for existence at least once.
312The preprocessor will also warn if the macro has not been used at the
313time it is redefined or undefined.
314.Sp
315Built-in macros, macros defined on the command line, and macros
316defined in include files are not warned about.
317.Sp
319\&\fBNote:\fR If a macro is actually used, but only used in skipped
318\&\fINote:\fR If a macro is actually used, but only used in skipped
320conditional blocks, then \s-1CPP\s0 will report it as unused. To avoid the
321warning in such a case, you might improve the scope of the macro's
322definition by, for example, moving it into the first skipped block.
323Alternatively, you could provide a dummy use with something like:
324.Sp
325.Vb 2
326\& #if defined the_macro_causing_the_warning
327\& #endif

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392Like \fB\-M\fR but do not mention header files that are found in
393system header directories, nor header files that are included,
394directly or indirectly, from such a header.
395.Sp
396This implies that the choice of angle brackets or double quotes in an
397\&\fB#include\fR directive does not in itself determine whether that
398header will appear in \fB\-MM\fR dependency output. This is a
399slight change in semantics from \s-1GCC\s0 versions 3.0 and earlier.
319conditional blocks, then \s-1CPP\s0 will report it as unused. To avoid the
320warning in such a case, you might improve the scope of the macro's
321definition by, for example, moving it into the first skipped block.
322Alternatively, you could provide a dummy use with something like:
323.Sp
324.Vb 2
325\& #if defined the_macro_causing_the_warning
326\& #endif

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391Like \fB\-M\fR but do not mention header files that are found in
392system header directories, nor header files that are included,
393directly or indirectly, from such a header.
394.Sp
395This implies that the choice of angle brackets or double quotes in an
396\&\fB#include\fR directive does not in itself determine whether that
397header will appear in \fB\-MM\fR dependency output. This is a
398slight change in semantics from \s-1GCC\s0 versions 3.0 and earlier.
400.Sp
401@anchor{dashMF}
402.IP "\fB\-MF\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
403.IX Item "-MF file"
404When used with \fB\-M\fR or \fB\-MM\fR, specifies a
405file to write the dependencies to. If no \fB\-MF\fR switch is given
406the preprocessor sends the rules to the same place it would have sent
407preprocessed output.
408.Sp
409When used with the driver options \fB\-MD\fR or \fB\-MMD\fR,

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466.IX Item "-MD"
467\&\fB\-MD\fR is equivalent to \fB\-M \-MF\fR \fIfile\fR, except that
468\&\fB\-E\fR is not implied. The driver determines \fIfile\fR based on
469whether an \fB\-o\fR option is given. If it is, the driver uses its
470argument but with a suffix of \fI.d\fR, otherwise it take the
471basename of the input file and applies a \fI.d\fR suffix.
472.Sp
473If \fB\-MD\fR is used in conjunction with \fB\-E\fR, any
399.IP "\fB\-MF\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
400.IX Item "-MF file"
401When used with \fB\-M\fR or \fB\-MM\fR, specifies a
402file to write the dependencies to. If no \fB\-MF\fR switch is given
403the preprocessor sends the rules to the same place it would have sent
404preprocessed output.
405.Sp
406When used with the driver options \fB\-MD\fR or \fB\-MMD\fR,

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463.IX Item "-MD"
464\&\fB\-MD\fR is equivalent to \fB\-M \-MF\fR \fIfile\fR, except that
465\&\fB\-E\fR is not implied. The driver determines \fIfile\fR based on
466whether an \fB\-o\fR option is given. If it is, the driver uses its
467argument but with a suffix of \fI.d\fR, otherwise it take the
468basename of the input file and applies a \fI.d\fR suffix.
469.Sp
470If \fB\-MD\fR is used in conjunction with \fB\-E\fR, any
474\&\fB\-o\fR switch is understood to specify the dependency output file
475(but \f(CW@pxref\fR{dashMF,,\-MF}), but if used without \fB\-E\fR, each \fB\-o\fR
471\&\fB\-o\fR switch is understood to specify the dependency output file, but if used without \fB\-E\fR, each \fB\-o\fR
476is understood to specify a target object file.
477.Sp
478Since \fB\-E\fR is not implied, \fB\-MD\fR can be used to generate
479a dependency output file as a side-effect of the compilation process.
480.IP "\fB\-MMD\fR" 4
481.IX Item "-MMD"
482Like \fB\-MD\fR except mention only user header files, not system
472is understood to specify a target object file.
473.Sp
474Since \fB\-E\fR is not implied, \fB\-MD\fR can be used to generate
475a dependency output file as a side-effect of the compilation process.
476.IP "\fB\-MMD\fR" 4
477.IX Item "-MMD"
478Like \fB\-MD\fR except mention only user header files, not system
483\&\-header files.
479header files.
484.IP "\fB\-x c\fR" 4
485.IX Item "-x c"
486.PD 0
487.IP "\fB\-x c++\fR" 4
488.IX Item "-x c++"
489.IP "\fB\-x objective-c\fR" 4
490.IX Item "-x objective-c"
491.IP "\fB\-x assembler-with-cpp\fR" 4
492.IX Item "-x assembler-with-cpp"
493.PD
494Specify the source language: C, \*(C+, Objective\-C, or assembly. This has
495nothing to do with standards conformance or extensions; it merely
496selects which base syntax to expect. If you give none of these options,
497cpp will deduce the language from the extension of the source file:
498\&\fB.c\fR, \fB.cc\fR, \fB.m\fR, or \fB.S\fR. Some other common
499extensions for \*(C+ and assembly are also recognized. If cpp does not
500recognize the extension, it will treat the file as C; this is the most
501generic mode.
502.Sp
480.IP "\fB\-x c\fR" 4
481.IX Item "-x c"
482.PD 0
483.IP "\fB\-x c++\fR" 4
484.IX Item "-x c++"
485.IP "\fB\-x objective-c\fR" 4
486.IX Item "-x objective-c"
487.IP "\fB\-x assembler-with-cpp\fR" 4
488.IX Item "-x assembler-with-cpp"
489.PD
490Specify the source language: C, \*(C+, Objective\-C, or assembly. This has
491nothing to do with standards conformance or extensions; it merely
492selects which base syntax to expect. If you give none of these options,
493cpp will deduce the language from the extension of the source file:
494\&\fB.c\fR, \fB.cc\fR, \fB.m\fR, or \fB.S\fR. Some other common
495extensions for \*(C+ and assembly are also recognized. If cpp does not
496recognize the extension, it will treat the file as C; this is the most
497generic mode.
498.Sp
503\&\fBNote:\fR Previous versions of cpp accepted a \fB\-lang\fR option
499\&\fINote:\fR Previous versions of cpp accepted a \fB\-lang\fR option
504which selected both the language and the standards conformance level.
505This option has been removed, because it conflicts with the \fB\-l\fR
506option.
507.IP "\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR" 4
508.IX Item "-std=standard"
509.PD 0
510.IP "\fB\-ansi\fR" 4
511.IX Item "-ansi"

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579options before \fB\-I\-\fR are searched only for headers requested with
580\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR; they are not searched for
581\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ <\f(CIfile\f(CW>\*(C'\fR. If additional directories are
582specified with \fB\-I\fR options after the \fB\-I\-\fR, those
583directories are searched for all \fB#include\fR directives.
584.Sp
585In addition, \fB\-I\-\fR inhibits the use of the directory of the current
586file directory as the first search directory for \f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR.
500which selected both the language and the standards conformance level.
501This option has been removed, because it conflicts with the \fB\-l\fR
502option.
503.IP "\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR" 4
504.IX Item "-std=standard"
505.PD 0
506.IP "\fB\-ansi\fR" 4
507.IX Item "-ansi"

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575options before \fB\-I\-\fR are searched only for headers requested with
576\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR; they are not searched for
577\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ <\f(CIfile\f(CW>\*(C'\fR. If additional directories are
578specified with \fB\-I\fR options after the \fB\-I\-\fR, those
579directories are searched for all \fB#include\fR directives.
580.Sp
581In addition, \fB\-I\-\fR inhibits the use of the directory of the current
582file directory as the first search directory for \f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR.
583.Sp
584This option has been deprecated.
587.IP "\fB\-nostdinc\fR" 4
588.IX Item "-nostdinc"
589Do not search the standard system directories for header files.
590Only the directories you have specified with \fB\-I\fR options
591(and the directory of the current file, if appropriate) are searched.
592.IP "\fB\-nostdinc++\fR" 4
593.IX Item "-nostdinc++"
594Do not search for header files in the \*(C+\-specific standard directories,

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629.PD 0
630.IP "\fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
631.IX Item "-iwithprefixbefore dir"
632.PD
633Append \fIdir\fR to the prefix specified previously with
634\&\fB\-iprefix\fR, and add the resulting directory to the include search
635path. \fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR puts it in the same place \fB\-I\fR
636would; \fB\-iwithprefix\fR puts it where \fB\-idirafter\fR would.
585.IP "\fB\-nostdinc\fR" 4
586.IX Item "-nostdinc"
587Do not search the standard system directories for header files.
588Only the directories you have specified with \fB\-I\fR options
589(and the directory of the current file, if appropriate) are searched.
590.IP "\fB\-nostdinc++\fR" 4
591.IX Item "-nostdinc++"
592Do not search for header files in the \*(C+\-specific standard directories,

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627.PD 0
628.IP "\fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
629.IX Item "-iwithprefixbefore dir"
630.PD
631Append \fIdir\fR to the prefix specified previously with
632\&\fB\-iprefix\fR, and add the resulting directory to the include search
633path. \fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR puts it in the same place \fB\-I\fR
634would; \fB\-iwithprefix\fR puts it where \fB\-idirafter\fR would.
635.IP "\fB\-isysroot\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
636.IX Item "-isysroot dir"
637This option is like the \fB\-\-sysroot\fR option, but applies only to
638header files. See the \fB\-\-sysroot\fR option for more information.
639.IP "\fB\-imultilib\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
640.IX Item "-imultilib dir"
641Use \fIdir\fR as a subdirectory of the directory containing
642target-specific \*(C+ headers.
637.IP "\fB\-isystem\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
638.IX Item "-isystem dir"
639Search \fIdir\fR for header files, after all directories specified by
640\&\fB\-I\fR but before the standard system directories. Mark it
641as a system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment as
642is applied to the standard system directories.
643.IP "\fB\-isystem\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
644.IX Item "-isystem dir"
645Search \fIdir\fR for header files, after all directories specified by
646\&\fB\-I\fR but before the standard system directories. Mark it
647as a system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment as
648is applied to the standard system directories.
649.IP "\fB\-iquote\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
650.IX Item "-iquote dir"
651Search \fIdir\fR only for header files requested with
652\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR; they are not searched for
653\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ <\f(CIfile\f(CW>\*(C'\fR, before all directories specified by
654\&\fB\-I\fR and before the standard system directories.
643.IP "\fB\-fdollars\-in\-identifiers\fR" 4
644.IX Item "-fdollars-in-identifiers"
655.IP "\fB\-fdollars\-in\-identifiers\fR" 4
656.IX Item "-fdollars-in-identifiers"
645@anchor{fdollars\-in\-identifiers}
646Accept \fB$\fR in identifiers.
657Accept \fB$\fR in identifiers.
658.IP "\fB\-fextended\-identifiers\fR" 4
659.IX Item "-fextended-identifiers"
660Accept universal character names in identifiers. This option is
661experimental; in a future version of \s-1GCC\s0, it will be enabled by
662default for C99 and \*(C+.
647.IP "\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR" 4
648.IX Item "-fpreprocessed"
649Indicate to the preprocessor that the input file has already been
650preprocessed. This suppresses things like macro expansion, trigraph
651conversion, escaped newline splicing, and processing of most directives.
652The preprocessor still recognizes and removes comments, so that you can
653pass a file preprocessed with \fB\-C\fR to the compiler without
654problems. In this mode the integrated preprocessor is little more than

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669Set the execution character set, used for string and character
670constants. The default is \s-1UTF\-8\s0. \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding
671supported by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine.
672.IP "\fB\-fwide\-exec\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4
673.IX Item "-fwide-exec-charset=charset"
674Set the wide execution character set, used for wide string and
675character constants. The default is \s-1UTF\-32\s0 or \s-1UTF\-16\s0, whichever
676corresponds to the width of \f(CW\*(C`wchar_t\*(C'\fR. As with
663.IP "\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR" 4
664.IX Item "-fpreprocessed"
665Indicate to the preprocessor that the input file has already been
666preprocessed. This suppresses things like macro expansion, trigraph
667conversion, escaped newline splicing, and processing of most directives.
668The preprocessor still recognizes and removes comments, so that you can
669pass a file preprocessed with \fB\-C\fR to the compiler without
670problems. In this mode the integrated preprocessor is little more than

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685Set the execution character set, used for string and character
686constants. The default is \s-1UTF\-8\s0. \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding
687supported by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine.
688.IP "\fB\-fwide\-exec\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4
689.IX Item "-fwide-exec-charset=charset"
690Set the wide execution character set, used for wide string and
691character constants. The default is \s-1UTF\-32\s0 or \s-1UTF\-16\s0, whichever
692corresponds to the width of \f(CW\*(C`wchar_t\*(C'\fR. As with
677\&\fB\-ftarget\-charset\fR, \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding supported
693\&\fB\-fexec\-charset\fR, \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding supported
678by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine; however, you will have
679problems with encodings that do not fit exactly in \f(CW\*(C`wchar_t\*(C'\fR.
680.IP "\fB\-finput\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4
681.IX Item "-finput-charset=charset"
682Set the input character set, used for translation from the character
694by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine; however, you will have
695problems with encodings that do not fit exactly in \f(CW\*(C`wchar_t\*(C'\fR.
696.IP "\fB\-finput\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4
697.IX Item "-finput-charset=charset"
698Set the input character set, used for translation from the character
683set of the input file to the source character set used by \s-1GCC\s0. If the
699set of the input file to the source character set used by \s-1GCC\s0. If the
684locale does not specify, or \s-1GCC\s0 cannot get this information from the
700locale does not specify, or \s-1GCC\s0 cannot get this information from the
685locale, the default is \s-1UTF\-8\s0. This can be overridden by either the locale
686or this command line option. Currently the command line option takes
687precedence if there's a conflict. \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding
701locale, the default is \s-1UTF\-8\s0. This can be overridden by either the locale
702or this command line option. Currently the command line option takes
703precedence if there's a conflict. \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding
688supported by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine.
689.IP "\fB\-fworking\-directory\fR" 4
690.IX Item "-fworking-directory"
691Enable generation of linemarkers in the preprocessor output that will
692let the compiler know the current working directory at the time of
693preprocessing. When this option is enabled, the preprocessor will
694emit, after the initial linemarker, a second linemarker with the
695current working directory followed by two slashes. \s-1GCC\s0 will use this

--- 191 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

887.SH "SEE ALSO"
888.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
889\&\fIgpl\fR\|(7), \fIgfdl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf\-funding\fR\|(7),
890\&\fIgcc\fR\|(1), \fIas\fR\|(1), \fIld\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIcpp\fR, \fIgcc\fR, and
891\&\fIbinutils\fR.
892.SH "COPYRIGHT"
893.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
894Copyright (c) 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996,
704supported by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine.
705.IP "\fB\-fworking\-directory\fR" 4
706.IX Item "-fworking-directory"
707Enable generation of linemarkers in the preprocessor output that will
708let the compiler know the current working directory at the time of
709preprocessing. When this option is enabled, the preprocessor will
710emit, after the initial linemarker, a second linemarker with the
711current working directory followed by two slashes. \s-1GCC\s0 will use this

--- 191 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

903.SH "SEE ALSO"
904.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
905\&\fIgpl\fR\|(7), \fIgfdl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf\-funding\fR\|(7),
906\&\fIgcc\fR\|(1), \fIas\fR\|(1), \fIld\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIcpp\fR, \fIgcc\fR, and
907\&\fIbinutils\fR.
908.SH "COPYRIGHT"
909.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
910Copyright (c) 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996,
8951997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
9111997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005
896Free Software Foundation, Inc.
897.PP
898Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
899under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
900any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. A copy of
901the license is included in the
902man page \fIgfdl\fR\|(7).
903This manual contains no Invariant Sections. The Front-Cover Texts are

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912Free Software Foundation, Inc.
913.PP
914Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
915under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
916any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. A copy of
917the license is included in the
918man page \fIgfdl\fR\|(7).
919This manual contains no Invariant Sections. The Front-Cover Texts are

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