| cat.1 (59211) | cat.1 (59239) |
|---|---|
| 1.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions --- 19 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.\" @(#)cat.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 5/2/95 | 1.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions --- 19 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.\" @(#)cat.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 5/2/95 |
| 36.\" $FreeBSD: head/bin/cat/cat.1 59211 2000-04-13 19:31:46Z asmodai $ | 36.\" $FreeBSD: head/bin/cat/cat.1 59239 2000-04-14 21:01:35Z asmodai $ |
| 37.\" 38.Dd May 2, 1995 39.Dt CAT 1 | 37.\" 38.Dd May 2, 1995 39.Dt CAT 1 |
| 40.Os BSD 3 | 40.Os |
| 41.Sh NAME 42.Nm cat 43.Nd concatenate and print files 44.Sh SYNOPSIS 45.Nm cat 46.Op Fl benstuv | 41.Sh NAME 42.Nm cat 43.Nd concatenate and print files 44.Sh SYNOPSIS 45.Nm cat 46.Op Fl benstuv |
| 47.Op Fl | |
| 48.Op Ar 49.Sh DESCRIPTION 50The 51.Nm 52utility reads files sequentially, writing them to the standard output. 53The 54.Ar file | 47.Op Ar 48.Sh DESCRIPTION 49The 50.Nm 51utility reads files sequentially, writing them to the standard output. 52The 53.Ar file |
| 55operands are processed in command line order. 56A single dash represents the standard input. | 54operands are processed in command-line order. 55If 56.Ar file 57is a single dash 58.Pq Sq \&- 59or absent, 60.Nm 61reads from the standard input. |
| 57.Pp 58The options are as follows: 59.Bl -tag -width indent 60.It Fl b 61Number the non-blank output lines, starting at 1. 62.It Fl e 63Display non-printing characters (see the 64.Fl v --- 24 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 89.Pf Non- Tn ASCII 90characters (with the high bit set) are printed as 91.Ql M- 92(for meta) followed by the character for the low 7 bits. 93.El 94.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 95The 96.Nm | 62.Pp 63The options are as follows: 64.Bl -tag -width indent 65.It Fl b 66Number the non-blank output lines, starting at 1. 67.It Fl e 68Display non-printing characters (see the 69.Fl v --- 24 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 94.Pf Non- Tn ASCII 95characters (with the high bit set) are printed as 96.Ql M- 97(for meta) followed by the character for the low 7 bits. 98.El 99.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 100The 101.Nm |
| 97utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs. 98.Sh BUGS 99Because of the shell language mechanism used to perform output 100redirection, the command 101.Dq Li cat file1 file2 > file1 102will cause the original data in file1 to be destroyed! | 102utility exits 0 on success or >0 if an error occurred. 103.Sh EXAMPLES 104The command: 105.Bd -literal -offset indent 106.Ic cat file1 107.Ed 108.Pp 109will print the contents of 110.Ar file1 111to the standard output. 112.Pp 113The command: 114.Bd -literal -offset indent 115.Ic cat file1 file2 > file3 116.Ed 117.Pp 118will sequentially print the contents of 119.Ar file1 120and 121.Ar file2 122to the file 123.Ar file3 , 124truncating 125.Ar file3 126if it already exists. 127See the manual page for your shell (i.e., 128.Xr sh 1 ) 129for more information on redirection. 130.Pp 131The command: 132.Bd -literal -offset indent 133.Ic cat file1 - file2 - file3 134.Ed 135.Pp 136will print the contents of 137.Ar file1 , 138print data it receives from the standard input until it receives an 139.Dv EOF 140.Pq Sq ^D 141character, print the contents of 142.Ar file2 , 143read and output contents of the standard input again, then finally output 144the contents of 145.Ar file3 . 146Note that if the standard input referred to a file, the second dash 147on the command-line would have no effect, since the entire contents of the file 148would have already been read and printed by 149.Nm 150when it encountered the first 151.Ql \&- 152operand. |
| 103.Sh SEE ALSO 104.Xr head 1 , 105.Xr more 1 , 106.Xr pr 1 , | 153.Sh SEE ALSO 154.Xr head 1 , 155.Xr more 1 , 156.Xr pr 1 , |
| 157.Xr sh 1 , |
|
| 107.Xr tail 1 , | 158.Xr tail 1 , |
| 108.Xr vis 1 | 159.Xr vis 1 , 160.Xr setbuf 3 |
| 109.Rs 110.%A Rob Pike 111.%T "UNIX Style, or cat -v Considered Harmful" 112.%J "USENIX Summer Conference Proceedings" 113.%D 1983 114.Re | 161.Rs 162.%A Rob Pike 163.%T "UNIX Style, or cat -v Considered Harmful" 164.%J "USENIX Summer Conference Proceedings" 165.%D 1983 166.Re |
| 167.Sh STANDARDS 168The 169.Nm 170utility is compliant with the 171.St -p1003.2-92 172specification. 173.Pp 174The flags 175.Op Fl benstv 176are extensions to the specification. |
|
| 115.Sh HISTORY 116A 117.Nm | 177.Sh HISTORY 178A 179.Nm |
| 118command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX. | 180utility appeared in 181.At v1 . |
| 119.An Dennis Ritchie 120designed and wrote the first man page. 121It appears to have been 122.Xr cat 1 . | 182.An Dennis Ritchie 183designed and wrote the first man page. 184It appears to have been 185.Xr cat 1 . |
| 186.Sh BUGS 187Because of the shell language mechanism used to perform output 188redirection, the command 189.Ic cat file1 file2 > file1 190will cause the original data in 191.Ar file1 192to be destroyed! |
|