1.\" Copyright (c) 1993
2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
3.\"
4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6.\" are met:
7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
13.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18.\" without specific prior written permission.
19.\"
20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
31.\"
32.\" @(#)lam.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
| 1.\" Copyright (c) 1993
2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
3.\"
4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6.\" are met:
7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
13.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18.\" without specific prior written permission.
19.\"
20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
31.\"
32.\" @(#)lam.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
|
33.\" $FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/lam/lam.1 83745 2001-09-21 02:51:07Z wollman $
| 33.\" $FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/lam/lam.1 95124 2002-04-20 12:18:28Z charnier $
|
34.\"
35.Dd September 20, 2001
36.Dt LAM 1
37.Os
38.Sh NAME
39.Nm lam
40.Nd laminate files
41.Sh SYNOPSIS
42.Nm
43.Op Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max
44.Op Fl s Ar sepstring
45.Op Fl t Ar c
46.Ar
47.Nm
48.Op Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max
49.Op Fl s Ar sepstring
50.Op Fl t Ar c
51.Ar
52.Sh DESCRIPTION
| 34.\"
35.Dd September 20, 2001
36.Dt LAM 1
37.Os
38.Sh NAME
39.Nm lam
40.Nd laminate files
41.Sh SYNOPSIS
42.Nm
43.Op Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max
44.Op Fl s Ar sepstring
45.Op Fl t Ar c
46.Ar
47.Nm
48.Op Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max
49.Op Fl s Ar sepstring
50.Op Fl t Ar c
51.Ar
52.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
53.Nm Lam
54copies the named files side by side onto the standard output.
| |
55The
| 53The
|
| 54.Nm
55utility copies the named files side by side onto the standard output.
56The
|
56.Em n-th
57input lines from the input
58.Ar files
59are considered fragments of the single long
60.Em n-th
61output line into which they are assembled.
62The name `\fB\-\fP' means the standard input, and may be repeated.
63.Pp
64Normally, each option affects only the
65.Ar file
66after it.
67If the option letter is capitalized it affects all subsequent files
68until it appears again uncapitalized.
| 57.Em n-th
58input lines from the input
59.Ar files
60are considered fragments of the single long
61.Em n-th
62output line into which they are assembled.
63The name `\fB\-\fP' means the standard input, and may be repeated.
64.Pp
65Normally, each option affects only the
66.Ar file
67after it.
68If the option letter is capitalized it affects all subsequent files
69until it appears again uncapitalized.
|
69The options are described below.
| 70The options are described below:
|
70.Bl -tag -width indent
71.It Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max
72Print line fragments according to the format string
73.Ar min . Ns Ar max ,
74where
75.Ar min
76is the minimum field width and
77.Ar max
78the maximum field width.
79If
80.Ar min
81begins with a zero, zeros will be added to make up the field width,
82and if it begins with a `\-', the fragment will be left-adjusted
83within the field.
84.It Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max
85Like
86.Fl f ,
87but pad this file's field when end-of-file is reached
88and other files are still active.
89.It Fl s Ar sepstring
90Print
91.Ar sepstring
92before printing line fragments from the next file.
93This option may appear after the last file.
94.It Fl t Ar c
95The input line terminator is
96.Ar c
97instead of a newline.
98The newline normally appended to each output line is omitted.
99.El
100.Pp
101To print files simultaneously for easy viewing use
102.Xr pr 1 .
103.Sh EXAMPLES
104The command
105.Bd -literal
106lam file1 file2 file3 file4
107.Ed
108.Pp
109joins 4 files together along each line.
110To merge the lines from four different files use
111.Bd -literal
112lam file1 \-S "\\
113" file2 file3 file4
114.Ed
115.Pp
116Every 2 lines of a file may be joined on one line with
117.Bd -literal
118lam \- \- < file
119.Ed
120.Pp
121and a form letter with substitutions keyed by `@' can be done with
122.Bd -literal
123lam \-t @ letter changes
124.Ed
125.Sh SEE ALSO
126.Xr join 1 ,
127.Xr paste 1 ,
128.Xr pr 1 ,
129.Xr printf 3
130.Sh STANDARDS
131Some of the functionality of
132.Nm
133is standardized as the
134.Xr paste 1
135utility by
136.St -p1003.2 .
| 71.Bl -tag -width indent
72.It Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max
73Print line fragments according to the format string
74.Ar min . Ns Ar max ,
75where
76.Ar min
77is the minimum field width and
78.Ar max
79the maximum field width.
80If
81.Ar min
82begins with a zero, zeros will be added to make up the field width,
83and if it begins with a `\-', the fragment will be left-adjusted
84within the field.
85.It Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max
86Like
87.Fl f ,
88but pad this file's field when end-of-file is reached
89and other files are still active.
90.It Fl s Ar sepstring
91Print
92.Ar sepstring
93before printing line fragments from the next file.
94This option may appear after the last file.
95.It Fl t Ar c
96The input line terminator is
97.Ar c
98instead of a newline.
99The newline normally appended to each output line is omitted.
100.El
101.Pp
102To print files simultaneously for easy viewing use
103.Xr pr 1 .
104.Sh EXAMPLES
105The command
106.Bd -literal
107lam file1 file2 file3 file4
108.Ed
109.Pp
110joins 4 files together along each line.
111To merge the lines from four different files use
112.Bd -literal
113lam file1 \-S "\\
114" file2 file3 file4
115.Ed
116.Pp
117Every 2 lines of a file may be joined on one line with
118.Bd -literal
119lam \- \- < file
120.Ed
121.Pp
122and a form letter with substitutions keyed by `@' can be done with
123.Bd -literal
124lam \-t @ letter changes
125.Ed
126.Sh SEE ALSO
127.Xr join 1 ,
128.Xr paste 1 ,
129.Xr pr 1 ,
130.Xr printf 3
131.Sh STANDARDS
132Some of the functionality of
133.Nm
134is standardized as the
135.Xr paste 1
136utility by
137.St -p1003.2 .
|