1.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
| 1.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
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97.It Pa localtime 98local timezone information; 99see 100.Xr ctime 3 101.It Pa mail/ 102Sendmail control files 103.It Pa mtree/ 104mtree configuration files; 105see 106.Xr mtree 8 107.It Pa namedb/ 108named configuration files; 109see 110.Xr named 8 111.It Pa pam.d/ 112configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) 113library 114.It Pa periodic/ 115scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via 116.Xr cron 8 ; 117see 118.Xr periodic 8 119.It Pa rc.d/ 120System and daemon startup/control scripts; 121see 122.Xr rc 8 123.It Pa security/ 124OpenBSM audit configuration files; 125see 126.Xr audit 8 127.It Pa ppp/ 128ppp configuration files; 129see 130.Xr ppp 8 131.It Pa ssh/ 132OpenSSH configuration files; 133see 134.Xr ssh 1 135.It Pa ssl/ 136OpenSSL configuration files 137.El 138.It Pa /lib/ 139critical system libraries needed for binaries in 140.Pa /bin 141and 142.Pa /sbin 143.Pp 144.Bl -tag -width ".Pa geom/" -compact 145.It Pa geom/ 146class-specific libraries for the 147.Xr geom 8 148utility 149.El 150.It Pa /libexec/ 151critical system utilities needed for binaries in 152.Pa /bin 153and 154.Pa /sbin 155.It Pa /media/ 156contains subdirectories to be used as mount points 157for removable media such as CDs, USB drives, and 158floppy disks 159.It Pa /mnt/ 160empty directory commonly used by 161system administrators as a temporary mount point 162.It Pa /proc/ 163process file system; 164see 165.Xr procfs 5 166.It Pa /rescue/ 167statically linked programs for emergency recovery; 168see 169.Xr rescue 8 170.It Pa /root/ 171root's HOME directory 172.It Pa /sbin/ 173system programs and administration utilities 174fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 175.It Pa /tmp/ 176temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots 177.It Pa /usr/ 178contains the majority of user utilities and applications 179.Pp 180.Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact 181.It Pa bin/ 182common utilities, programming tools, and applications 183.It Pa compat/ 184files needed to support binary compatibility with other operating systems, 185such as Linux 186.It Pa games/ 187useful and semi-frivolous programs 188.It Pa include/ 189standard C include files 190.Pp 191.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 192.It Pa altq/ 193C include files for alternate queueing 194.It Pa arpa/ 195C include files for Internet service protocols 196.It Pa bsnmp/ 197C include files for the SNMP daemon 198.It Pa c++/ 199C++ include files 200.It Pa cam/ 201C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer 202.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 203.It Pa scsi/ 204The SCSI device on top of CAM 205.El 206.It Pa dev/ 207C include files for programming various 208.Fx 209devices 210.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 211.It Pa ic/ 212Various header files describing driver- and bus-independent 213hardware circuits 214.It Pa ofw/ 215Open Firmware support 216.It Pa pbio/ 2178255 PPI cards; 218see 219.Xr pbio 4 220.It Pa ppbus/ 221The parallel port bus; 222see 223.Xr ppbus 4 224.It Pa usb/ 225The USB subsystem 226.It Pa utopia/ 227Physical chip driver for ATM interfaces; 228see 229.Xr utopia 4 230.It Pa wi/ 231The 232.Xr wi 4 233WaveLAN driver 234.El 235.It Pa fs/ 236.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 237.It Pa fdescfs/ 238per-process file descriptors file system 239.It Pa fifofs/ 240.St -p1003.1 241FIFOs file system 242.It Pa msdosfs/ 243MS-DOS file system 244.It Pa nfs/ 245C include files for NFS (Network File System) version 2, 3 and 4 246.It Pa nullfs/ 247loopback file system 248.It Pa procfs/ 249process file system 250.It Pa smbfs/ 251SMB/CIFS file system 252.It Pa udf/ 253UDF file system 254.It Pa unionfs 255union file system 256.El 257.It Pa geom/ 258GEOM framework 259.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 260.It Pa concat/ 261CONCAT GEOM class 262.It Pa gate/ 263GATE GEOM class 264.It Pa mirror/ 265MIRROR GEOM class 266.It Pa nop/ 267NOP GEOM class 268.It Pa raid3/ 269RAID3 GEOM class 270.It Pa stripe/ 271STRIPE GEOM class 272.El 273.Pp 274.It Pa isc/ 275ISC utility library libisc include files 276.It Pa isofs/ 277.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 278.It Pa cd9660/ 279iso9660 file system 280.El 281.It Pa libmilter/ 282C include files for libmilter, 283the 284.Xr sendmail 8 285mail filter API 286.It Pa machine/ 287machine-specific C include files 288.It Pa net/ 289miscellaneous network C include files 290.It Pa netatalk/ 291Appletalk protocol 292.It Pa netinet/ 293C include files for Internet standard protocols; 294see 295.Xr inet 4 296.It Pa netinet6/ 297C include files for Internet protocol version 6; 298see 299.Xr inet6 4 300.It Pa netipsec/ 301kernel key-management service; 302see 303.Xr ipsec 4 304.It Pa netipx/ 305IPX/SPX protocol stacks 306.It Pa netnatm/ 307NATM include files; 308see 309.Xr natm 4 310.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 311.It Pa api/ 312include files for the signalling API 313.It Pa msg/ 314include files that describe signalling messages and 315declare associated functions 316.It Pa saal/ 317include files for the signalling AAL layer 318.It Pa sig/ 319include files for the UNI signalling protocol 320.El 321.It Pa netsmb/ 322SMB/CIFS requester 323.It Pa nfs/ 324C include files for NFS (Network File System) version 2 and 3 (legacy) 325.It Pa objc/ 326Objective C include files 327.It Pa openssl/ 328OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers 329.It Pa pccard/ 330PC-CARD controllers 331.It Pa protocols/ 332C include files for Berkeley service protocols 333.It Pa readline/ 334get a line from a user, with editing; 335see 336.Xr readline 3 337.It Pa rpc/ 338remote procedure calls; 339see 340.Xr rpc 3 341.It Pa rpcsvc/ 342definition of RPC service structures; see 343.Xr rpc 3 344.It Pa security/ 345PAM; see 346.Xr pam 8 347.It Pa sys/ 348system C include files (kernel data structures) 349.\" .It Pa tcl/ 350.\" Tcl language; 351.\" see 352.\" .Xr Tcl n 353.\" .Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 354.\" .It Pa generic/ 355.\" ??? 356.\" .It Pa unix/ 357.\" ??? 358.\" .El 359.It Pa ufs/ 360C include files for UFS (The U-word File System) 361.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 362.It Pa ffs/ 363Fast file system 364.It Pa ufs/ 365UFS file system 366.El 367.It Pa vm/ 368virtual memory; 369see 370.Xr vmstat 8 371.El 372.Pp 373.It Pa lib/ 374shared and archive 375.Xr ar 1 Ns -type 376libraries 377.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 378.It Pa aout/ 379a.out archive libraries 380.It Pa compat/ 381shared libraries for compatibility 382.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 383.It Pa aout/ 384a.out backward compatibility libraries 385.El 386.It Pa dtrace/ 387DTrace library scripts 388.It Pa engines/ 389OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) dynamically loadable engines 390.El 391.Pp 392.It Pa libdata/ 393miscellaneous utility data files 394.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 395.It Pa gcc/ 396.Xr gcc 1 397configuration data 398.It Pa ldscripts/ 399linker scripts; 400see 401.Xr ld 1 402.It Pa lint/ 403various prebuilt lint libraries; 404see 405.Xr lint 1 406.El 407.Pp 408.It Pa libexec/ 409system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs) 410.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 411.It Pa aout/ 412utilities to manipulate a.out executables 413.It Pa elf/ 414utilities to manipulate ELF executables 415.It Pa lpr/ 416utilities and filters for LP print system; 417see 418.Xr lpr 1 419.It Pa sendmail/ 420the 421.Xr sendmail 8 422binary; 423see 424.Xr mailwrapper 8 425.It Pa sm.bin/ 426restricted shell for 427.Xr sendmail 8 ; 428see 429.Xr smrsh 8 430.El 431.Pp 432.It Pa local/ 433local executables, libraries, etc. 434Also used as the default destination for the 435.Fx 436ports framework. 437Within 438.Pa local/ , 439the general layout sketched out by 440.Nm 441for 442.Pa /usr 443should be used. 444Exceptions are the 445.Pa man 446directory 447.Po directly under 448.Pa local/ 449rather than under 450.Pa local/share/ Ns Pc , 451ports documentation 452.Po in 453.Pa share/doc/<port>/ Ns Pc , 454and 455.Pa /usr/local/etc 456.Po mimics 457.Pa /etc Ns Pc . 458.It Pa obj/ 459architecture-specific target tree produced by building the 460.Pa /usr/src 461tree 462.It Pa ports/ 463The 464.Fx 465ports collection (optional). 466.It Pa sbin/ 467system daemons & system utilities (executed by users) 468.It Pa share/ 469architecture-independent files 470.Pp 471.Bl -tag -width ".Pa calendar/" -compact 472.It Pa calendar/ 473a variety of pre-fab calendar files; 474see 475.Xr calendar 1 476.It Pa dict/ 477word lists; 478see 479.Xr look 1 480.Pp 481.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 482.It Pa freebsd 483.Fx Ns -specific 484terms, proper names, and jargon 485.It Pa words 486common words 487.It Pa web2 488words from Webster's 2nd International 489.It Pa papers/ 490reference databases; 491see 492.Xr refer 1 493.El 494.Pp 495.It Pa doc/ 496miscellaneous documentation; 497source for most of the printed 498.Bx 499manuals (available 500from the 501.Tn USENIX 502association) 503.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 504.It Pa FAQ/ 505Frequently Asked Questions 506.It Pa IPv6/ 507implementation notes for IPv6 508.It Pa bind/ 509documents pertaining to BIND (the Berkeley Internet Name Domain) 510.It Pa es/ 511Spanish translations of documents in /usr/share/doc 512.It Pa handbook/ 513.Fx 514Handbook 515.It Pa ja/ 516Japanese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc 517.It Pa legal/ 518License files for vendor supplied firmwares 519.It Pa ncurses/ 520HTML documents pertaining to ncurses; 521see 522.Xr ncurses 3 523.It Pa ntp/ 524HTML documents pertaining to the Network Time Protocol 525.It Pa papers/ 526UNIX Papers 527.It Pa psd/ 528UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents 529.It Pa ru/ 530Russian translations of documents in /usr/share/doc 531.It Pa smm/ 532UNIX System Manager's Manual 533.It Pa tutorials/ 534.Fx 535tutorials 536.It Pa usd/ 537UNIX User's Supplementary Documents 538.It Pa zh/ 539Chinese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc 540.El 541.Pp 542.It Pa examples/ 543various examples for users and programmers 544.It Pa games/ 545ASCII text files used by various games 546.It Pa groff_font/ 547device description file for device name 548.It Pa info/ 549GNU Info hypertext system 550.It Pa locale/ 551localization files; 552see 553.Xr setlocale 3 554.It Pa man/ 555manual pages 556.It Pa mdocml/ 557data files used by mdocml 558.It Pa me/ 559macros for use with the me macro package; 560see 561.Xr me 7 562.It Pa misc/ 563miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files 564.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 565.It Pa fonts/ 566??? 567.It Pa termcap 568terminal characteristics database; 569see 570.Xr termcap 5 571.El 572.It Pa mk/ 573templates for make; 574see 575.Xr make 1 576.It Pa nls/ 577national language support files; 578see 579.Xr mklocale 1 580.It Pa security/ 581data files for security policies such as 582.Xr mac_lomac 4 583.It Pa sendmail/ 584.Xr sendmail 8 585configuration files 586.It Pa skel/ 587example 588.Pa .\& 589(dot) files for new accounts 590.It Pa snmp/ 591MIBs, example files and tree definitions for the SNMP daemon. 592.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 593.It Pa defs/ 594Tree definition files for use with 595.Xr gensnmptree 1 596.It Pa mibs/ 597MIB files 598.El 599.It Pa syscons/ 600files used by syscons; 601see 602.Xr syscons 4 603.Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact 604.It Pa fonts/ 605console fonts; 606see 607.Xr vidcontrol 1 608and 609.Xr vidfont 1 610.It Pa keymaps/ 611console keyboard maps; 612see 613.Xr kbdcontrol 1 614and 615.Xr kbdmap 1 616.It Pa scrnmaps/ 617console screen maps 618.El 619.It Pa tabset/ 620tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 621the termcap file; 622see 623.Xr termcap 5 624.It Pa tmac/ 625text processing macros; 626see 627.Xr nroff 1 628and 629.Xr troff 1 630.It Pa vi/ 631localization support and utilities for 632.Xr vi 1 633.It Pa zoneinfo/ 634timezone configuration information; 635see 636.Xr tzfile 5 637.El 638.It Pa src/ 639.Bx , 640third-party, and/or local source files 641.Pp 642.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 643.It Pa bin/ 644source code for files in /bin 645.It Pa cddl/ 646Utilities covered by the Common Development and Distribution License 647.It Pa contrib/ 648source code for contributed software 649.It Pa crypto/ 650source code for contributed cryptography software 651.It Pa etc/ 652source code for files in 653.Pa /etc 654.It Pa games/ 655source code for files in 656.Pa /usr/games 657.It Pa gnu/ 658Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License 659.It Pa include/ 660source code for files in 661.Pa /usr/include 662.It Pa kerberos5/ 663build infrastructure for kerberos version 5 664.It Pa lib/ 665source code for files in 666.Pa /usr/lib 667.It Pa libexec/ 668source code for files in 669.Pa /usr/libexec 670.It Pa release/ 671files required to produce a 672.Fx 673release 674.It Pa sbin/ 675source code for files in 676.Pa /sbin 677.It Pa secure/ 678build directory for files in 679.Pa /usr/src/crypto 680.It Pa share/ 681source for files in 682.Pa /usr/share 683.It Pa sys/ 684kernel source code 685.It Pa tools/ 686tools used for maintenance and testing of 687.Fx 688.It Pa usr.bin/ 689source code for files in 690.Pa /usr/bin 691.It Pa usr.sbin/ 692source code for files in 693.Pa /usr/sbin 694.El 695.Pp 696.It Pa tests/ 697The 698.Fx 699test suite. 700See tests(7) for more details. 701.El 702.It Pa /var/ 703multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files 704.Pp 705.Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact 706.It Pa account/ 707system accounting files 708.Pp 709.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 710.It Pa acct 711execution accounting file; 712see 713.Xr acct 5 714.El 715.Pp 716.It Pa at/ 717timed command scheduling files; 718see 719.Xr \&at 1 720.Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact 721.It Pa jobs/ 722directory containing job files 723.It Pa spool/ 724directory containing output spool files 725.El 726.Pp 727.It Pa backups/ 728miscellaneous backup files 729.It Pa crash/ 730default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see 731.Xr crash 8 732and 733.Xr savecore 8 734.It Pa cron/ 735files used by cron; 736see 737.Xr cron 8 738.Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact 739.It Pa tabs/ 740crontab files; 741see 742.Xr crontab 5 743.El 744.Pp 745.It Pa db/ 746miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files 747.It Pa empty/ 748empty directory for use by programs that need a specifically empty directory. 749Used for instance by 750.Xr sshd 8 751for privilege separation. 752.It Pa games/ 753miscellaneous game status and score files 754.It Pa heimdal/ 755kerberos server databases; see 756.Xr kdc 8 757.It Pa log/ 758miscellaneous system log files 759.Pp 760.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 761.It Pa utx.lastlogin 762last login log; 763see 764.Xr getutxent 3 765.It Pa utx.log 766login/logout log; 767see 768.Xr getutxent 3 769.El 770.Pp 771.It Pa mail/ 772user mailbox files 773.It Pa msgs/ 774system messages database; 775see 776.Xr msgs 1 777.It Pa preserve/ 778temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 779of an editor; 780see 781.Xr \&ex 1 782.It Pa quotas/ 783file system quota information files 784.It Pa run/ 785system information files describing various info about 786system since it was booted 787.Pp 788.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 789.It Pa named/ 790writable by the 791.Dq bind 792user; see 793.Xr named 8 794.It Pa ppp/ 795writable by the 796.Dq network 797group for command connection sockets; see 798.Xr ppp 8 799.It Pa utx.active 800database of current users; 801see 802.Xr getutxent 3 803.El 804.Pp 805.It Pa rwho/ 806rwho data files; 807see 808.Xr rwhod 8 , 809.Xr rwho 1 , 810and 811.Xr ruptime 1 812.It Pa spool/ 813miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories 814.Pp 815.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 816.It Pa clientmqueue/ 817undelivered submission mail queue; 818see 819.Xr sendmail 8 820.It Pa ftp/ 821commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory 822.It Pa mqueue/ 823undelivered mail queue; 824see 825.Xr sendmail 8 826.It Pa output/ 827line printer spooling directories 828.El 829.Pp 830.It Pa tmp/ 831temporary files that are kept between system reboots 832.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 833.It Pa vi.recover/ 834the directory where recovery files are stored 835.El 836.It Pa yp/ 837the NIS maps 838.El 839.El 840.Sh NOTES 841This manual page documents the default 842.Fx 843file system layout, but 844the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system 845administrator's discretion. 846A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of 847this document. 848.Sh SEE ALSO 849.Xr apropos 1 , 850.Xr find 1 , 851.Xr finger 1 , 852.Xr grep 1 , 853.Xr ls 1 , 854.Xr whatis 1 , 855.Xr whereis 1 , 856.Xr which 1 , 857.Xr fd 4 , 858.Xr devfs 5 , 859.Xr fsck 8 860.Sh HISTORY 861A 862.Nm 863manual page appeared in 864.At v7 .
| 106.It Pa localtime 107local timezone information; 108see 109.Xr ctime 3 110.It Pa mail/ 111Sendmail control files 112.It Pa mtree/ 113mtree configuration files; 114see 115.Xr mtree 8 116.It Pa namedb/ 117named configuration files; 118see 119.Xr named 8 120.It Pa pam.d/ 121configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) 122library 123.It Pa periodic/ 124scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via 125.Xr cron 8 ; 126see 127.Xr periodic 8 128.It Pa rc.d/ 129System and daemon startup/control scripts; 130see 131.Xr rc 8 132.It Pa security/ 133OpenBSM audit configuration files; 134see 135.Xr audit 8 136.It Pa ppp/ 137ppp configuration files; 138see 139.Xr ppp 8 140.It Pa ssh/ 141OpenSSH configuration files; 142see 143.Xr ssh 1 144.It Pa ssl/ 145OpenSSL configuration files 146.El 147.It Pa /lib/ 148critical system libraries needed for binaries in 149.Pa /bin 150and 151.Pa /sbin 152.Pp 153.Bl -tag -width ".Pa geom/" -compact 154.It Pa geom/ 155class-specific libraries for the 156.Xr geom 8 157utility 158.El 159.It Pa /libexec/ 160critical system utilities needed for binaries in 161.Pa /bin 162and 163.Pa /sbin 164.It Pa /media/ 165contains subdirectories to be used as mount points 166for removable media such as CDs, USB drives, and 167floppy disks 168.It Pa /mnt/ 169empty directory commonly used by 170system administrators as a temporary mount point 171.It Pa /proc/ 172process file system; 173see 174.Xr procfs 5 175.It Pa /rescue/ 176statically linked programs for emergency recovery; 177see 178.Xr rescue 8 179.It Pa /root/ 180root's HOME directory 181.It Pa /sbin/ 182system programs and administration utilities 183fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 184.It Pa /tmp/ 185temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots 186.It Pa /usr/ 187contains the majority of user utilities and applications 188.Pp 189.Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact 190.It Pa bin/ 191common utilities, programming tools, and applications 192.It Pa compat/ 193files needed to support binary compatibility with other operating systems, 194such as Linux 195.It Pa games/ 196useful and semi-frivolous programs 197.It Pa include/ 198standard C include files 199.Pp 200.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 201.It Pa altq/ 202C include files for alternate queueing 203.It Pa arpa/ 204C include files for Internet service protocols 205.It Pa bsnmp/ 206C include files for the SNMP daemon 207.It Pa c++/ 208C++ include files 209.It Pa cam/ 210C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer 211.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 212.It Pa scsi/ 213The SCSI device on top of CAM 214.El 215.It Pa dev/ 216C include files for programming various 217.Fx 218devices 219.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 220.It Pa ic/ 221Various header files describing driver- and bus-independent 222hardware circuits 223.It Pa ofw/ 224Open Firmware support 225.It Pa pbio/ 2268255 PPI cards; 227see 228.Xr pbio 4 229.It Pa ppbus/ 230The parallel port bus; 231see 232.Xr ppbus 4 233.It Pa usb/ 234The USB subsystem 235.It Pa utopia/ 236Physical chip driver for ATM interfaces; 237see 238.Xr utopia 4 239.It Pa wi/ 240The 241.Xr wi 4 242WaveLAN driver 243.El 244.It Pa fs/ 245.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 246.It Pa fdescfs/ 247per-process file descriptors file system 248.It Pa fifofs/ 249.St -p1003.1 250FIFOs file system 251.It Pa msdosfs/ 252MS-DOS file system 253.It Pa nfs/ 254C include files for NFS (Network File System) version 2, 3 and 4 255.It Pa nullfs/ 256loopback file system 257.It Pa procfs/ 258process file system 259.It Pa smbfs/ 260SMB/CIFS file system 261.It Pa udf/ 262UDF file system 263.It Pa unionfs 264union file system 265.El 266.It Pa geom/ 267GEOM framework 268.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 269.It Pa concat/ 270CONCAT GEOM class 271.It Pa gate/ 272GATE GEOM class 273.It Pa mirror/ 274MIRROR GEOM class 275.It Pa nop/ 276NOP GEOM class 277.It Pa raid3/ 278RAID3 GEOM class 279.It Pa stripe/ 280STRIPE GEOM class 281.El 282.Pp 283.It Pa isc/ 284ISC utility library libisc include files 285.It Pa isofs/ 286.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 287.It Pa cd9660/ 288iso9660 file system 289.El 290.It Pa libmilter/ 291C include files for libmilter, 292the 293.Xr sendmail 8 294mail filter API 295.It Pa machine/ 296machine-specific C include files 297.It Pa net/ 298miscellaneous network C include files 299.It Pa netatalk/ 300Appletalk protocol 301.It Pa netinet/ 302C include files for Internet standard protocols; 303see 304.Xr inet 4 305.It Pa netinet6/ 306C include files for Internet protocol version 6; 307see 308.Xr inet6 4 309.It Pa netipsec/ 310kernel key-management service; 311see 312.Xr ipsec 4 313.It Pa netipx/ 314IPX/SPX protocol stacks 315.It Pa netnatm/ 316NATM include files; 317see 318.Xr natm 4 319.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 320.It Pa api/ 321include files for the signalling API 322.It Pa msg/ 323include files that describe signalling messages and 324declare associated functions 325.It Pa saal/ 326include files for the signalling AAL layer 327.It Pa sig/ 328include files for the UNI signalling protocol 329.El 330.It Pa netsmb/ 331SMB/CIFS requester 332.It Pa nfs/ 333C include files for NFS (Network File System) version 2 and 3 (legacy) 334.It Pa objc/ 335Objective C include files 336.It Pa openssl/ 337OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers 338.It Pa pccard/ 339PC-CARD controllers 340.It Pa protocols/ 341C include files for Berkeley service protocols 342.It Pa readline/ 343get a line from a user, with editing; 344see 345.Xr readline 3 346.It Pa rpc/ 347remote procedure calls; 348see 349.Xr rpc 3 350.It Pa rpcsvc/ 351definition of RPC service structures; see 352.Xr rpc 3 353.It Pa security/ 354PAM; see 355.Xr pam 8 356.It Pa sys/ 357system C include files (kernel data structures) 358.\" .It Pa tcl/ 359.\" Tcl language; 360.\" see 361.\" .Xr Tcl n 362.\" .Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 363.\" .It Pa generic/ 364.\" ??? 365.\" .It Pa unix/ 366.\" ??? 367.\" .El 368.It Pa ufs/ 369C include files for UFS (The U-word File System) 370.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 371.It Pa ffs/ 372Fast file system 373.It Pa ufs/ 374UFS file system 375.El 376.It Pa vm/ 377virtual memory; 378see 379.Xr vmstat 8 380.El 381.Pp 382.It Pa lib/ 383shared and archive 384.Xr ar 1 Ns -type 385libraries 386.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 387.It Pa aout/ 388a.out archive libraries 389.It Pa compat/ 390shared libraries for compatibility 391.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 392.It Pa aout/ 393a.out backward compatibility libraries 394.El 395.It Pa dtrace/ 396DTrace library scripts 397.It Pa engines/ 398OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) dynamically loadable engines 399.El 400.Pp 401.It Pa libdata/ 402miscellaneous utility data files 403.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 404.It Pa gcc/ 405.Xr gcc 1 406configuration data 407.It Pa ldscripts/ 408linker scripts; 409see 410.Xr ld 1 411.It Pa lint/ 412various prebuilt lint libraries; 413see 414.Xr lint 1 415.El 416.Pp 417.It Pa libexec/ 418system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs) 419.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 420.It Pa aout/ 421utilities to manipulate a.out executables 422.It Pa elf/ 423utilities to manipulate ELF executables 424.It Pa lpr/ 425utilities and filters for LP print system; 426see 427.Xr lpr 1 428.It Pa sendmail/ 429the 430.Xr sendmail 8 431binary; 432see 433.Xr mailwrapper 8 434.It Pa sm.bin/ 435restricted shell for 436.Xr sendmail 8 ; 437see 438.Xr smrsh 8 439.El 440.Pp 441.It Pa local/ 442local executables, libraries, etc. 443Also used as the default destination for the 444.Fx 445ports framework. 446Within 447.Pa local/ , 448the general layout sketched out by 449.Nm 450for 451.Pa /usr 452should be used. 453Exceptions are the 454.Pa man 455directory 456.Po directly under 457.Pa local/ 458rather than under 459.Pa local/share/ Ns Pc , 460ports documentation 461.Po in 462.Pa share/doc/<port>/ Ns Pc , 463and 464.Pa /usr/local/etc 465.Po mimics 466.Pa /etc Ns Pc . 467.It Pa obj/ 468architecture-specific target tree produced by building the 469.Pa /usr/src 470tree 471.It Pa ports/ 472The 473.Fx 474ports collection (optional). 475.It Pa sbin/ 476system daemons & system utilities (executed by users) 477.It Pa share/ 478architecture-independent files 479.Pp 480.Bl -tag -width ".Pa calendar/" -compact 481.It Pa calendar/ 482a variety of pre-fab calendar files; 483see 484.Xr calendar 1 485.It Pa dict/ 486word lists; 487see 488.Xr look 1 489.Pp 490.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 491.It Pa freebsd 492.Fx Ns -specific 493terms, proper names, and jargon 494.It Pa words 495common words 496.It Pa web2 497words from Webster's 2nd International 498.It Pa papers/ 499reference databases; 500see 501.Xr refer 1 502.El 503.Pp 504.It Pa doc/ 505miscellaneous documentation; 506source for most of the printed 507.Bx 508manuals (available 509from the 510.Tn USENIX 511association) 512.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 513.It Pa FAQ/ 514Frequently Asked Questions 515.It Pa IPv6/ 516implementation notes for IPv6 517.It Pa bind/ 518documents pertaining to BIND (the Berkeley Internet Name Domain) 519.It Pa es/ 520Spanish translations of documents in /usr/share/doc 521.It Pa handbook/ 522.Fx 523Handbook 524.It Pa ja/ 525Japanese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc 526.It Pa legal/ 527License files for vendor supplied firmwares 528.It Pa ncurses/ 529HTML documents pertaining to ncurses; 530see 531.Xr ncurses 3 532.It Pa ntp/ 533HTML documents pertaining to the Network Time Protocol 534.It Pa papers/ 535UNIX Papers 536.It Pa psd/ 537UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents 538.It Pa ru/ 539Russian translations of documents in /usr/share/doc 540.It Pa smm/ 541UNIX System Manager's Manual 542.It Pa tutorials/ 543.Fx 544tutorials 545.It Pa usd/ 546UNIX User's Supplementary Documents 547.It Pa zh/ 548Chinese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc 549.El 550.Pp 551.It Pa examples/ 552various examples for users and programmers 553.It Pa games/ 554ASCII text files used by various games 555.It Pa groff_font/ 556device description file for device name 557.It Pa info/ 558GNU Info hypertext system 559.It Pa locale/ 560localization files; 561see 562.Xr setlocale 3 563.It Pa man/ 564manual pages 565.It Pa mdocml/ 566data files used by mdocml 567.It Pa me/ 568macros for use with the me macro package; 569see 570.Xr me 7 571.It Pa misc/ 572miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files 573.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 574.It Pa fonts/ 575??? 576.It Pa termcap 577terminal characteristics database; 578see 579.Xr termcap 5 580.El 581.It Pa mk/ 582templates for make; 583see 584.Xr make 1 585.It Pa nls/ 586national language support files; 587see 588.Xr mklocale 1 589.It Pa security/ 590data files for security policies such as 591.Xr mac_lomac 4 592.It Pa sendmail/ 593.Xr sendmail 8 594configuration files 595.It Pa skel/ 596example 597.Pa .\& 598(dot) files for new accounts 599.It Pa snmp/ 600MIBs, example files and tree definitions for the SNMP daemon. 601.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 602.It Pa defs/ 603Tree definition files for use with 604.Xr gensnmptree 1 605.It Pa mibs/ 606MIB files 607.El 608.It Pa syscons/ 609files used by syscons; 610see 611.Xr syscons 4 612.Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact 613.It Pa fonts/ 614console fonts; 615see 616.Xr vidcontrol 1 617and 618.Xr vidfont 1 619.It Pa keymaps/ 620console keyboard maps; 621see 622.Xr kbdcontrol 1 623and 624.Xr kbdmap 1 625.It Pa scrnmaps/ 626console screen maps 627.El 628.It Pa tabset/ 629tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 630the termcap file; 631see 632.Xr termcap 5 633.It Pa tmac/ 634text processing macros; 635see 636.Xr nroff 1 637and 638.Xr troff 1 639.It Pa vi/ 640localization support and utilities for 641.Xr vi 1 642.It Pa zoneinfo/ 643timezone configuration information; 644see 645.Xr tzfile 5 646.El 647.It Pa src/ 648.Bx , 649third-party, and/or local source files 650.Pp 651.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact 652.It Pa bin/ 653source code for files in /bin 654.It Pa cddl/ 655Utilities covered by the Common Development and Distribution License 656.It Pa contrib/ 657source code for contributed software 658.It Pa crypto/ 659source code for contributed cryptography software 660.It Pa etc/ 661source code for files in 662.Pa /etc 663.It Pa games/ 664source code for files in 665.Pa /usr/games 666.It Pa gnu/ 667Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License 668.It Pa include/ 669source code for files in 670.Pa /usr/include 671.It Pa kerberos5/ 672build infrastructure for kerberos version 5 673.It Pa lib/ 674source code for files in 675.Pa /usr/lib 676.It Pa libexec/ 677source code for files in 678.Pa /usr/libexec 679.It Pa release/ 680files required to produce a 681.Fx 682release 683.It Pa sbin/ 684source code for files in 685.Pa /sbin 686.It Pa secure/ 687build directory for files in 688.Pa /usr/src/crypto 689.It Pa share/ 690source for files in 691.Pa /usr/share 692.It Pa sys/ 693kernel source code 694.It Pa tools/ 695tools used for maintenance and testing of 696.Fx 697.It Pa usr.bin/ 698source code for files in 699.Pa /usr/bin 700.It Pa usr.sbin/ 701source code for files in 702.Pa /usr/sbin 703.El 704.Pp 705.It Pa tests/ 706The 707.Fx 708test suite. 709See tests(7) for more details. 710.El 711.It Pa /var/ 712multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files 713.Pp 714.Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact 715.It Pa account/ 716system accounting files 717.Pp 718.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 719.It Pa acct 720execution accounting file; 721see 722.Xr acct 5 723.El 724.Pp 725.It Pa at/ 726timed command scheduling files; 727see 728.Xr \&at 1 729.Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact 730.It Pa jobs/ 731directory containing job files 732.It Pa spool/ 733directory containing output spool files 734.El 735.Pp 736.It Pa backups/ 737miscellaneous backup files 738.It Pa crash/ 739default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see 740.Xr crash 8 741and 742.Xr savecore 8 743.It Pa cron/ 744files used by cron; 745see 746.Xr cron 8 747.Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact 748.It Pa tabs/ 749crontab files; 750see 751.Xr crontab 5 752.El 753.Pp 754.It Pa db/ 755miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files 756.It Pa empty/ 757empty directory for use by programs that need a specifically empty directory. 758Used for instance by 759.Xr sshd 8 760for privilege separation. 761.It Pa games/ 762miscellaneous game status and score files 763.It Pa heimdal/ 764kerberos server databases; see 765.Xr kdc 8 766.It Pa log/ 767miscellaneous system log files 768.Pp 769.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 770.It Pa utx.lastlogin 771last login log; 772see 773.Xr getutxent 3 774.It Pa utx.log 775login/logout log; 776see 777.Xr getutxent 3 778.El 779.Pp 780.It Pa mail/ 781user mailbox files 782.It Pa msgs/ 783system messages database; 784see 785.Xr msgs 1 786.It Pa preserve/ 787temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 788of an editor; 789see 790.Xr \&ex 1 791.It Pa quotas/ 792file system quota information files 793.It Pa run/ 794system information files describing various info about 795system since it was booted 796.Pp 797.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 798.It Pa named/ 799writable by the 800.Dq bind 801user; see 802.Xr named 8 803.It Pa ppp/ 804writable by the 805.Dq network 806group for command connection sockets; see 807.Xr ppp 8 808.It Pa utx.active 809database of current users; 810see 811.Xr getutxent 3 812.El 813.Pp 814.It Pa rwho/ 815rwho data files; 816see 817.Xr rwhod 8 , 818.Xr rwho 1 , 819and 820.Xr ruptime 1 821.It Pa spool/ 822miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories 823.Pp 824.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 825.It Pa clientmqueue/ 826undelivered submission mail queue; 827see 828.Xr sendmail 8 829.It Pa ftp/ 830commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory 831.It Pa mqueue/ 832undelivered mail queue; 833see 834.Xr sendmail 8 835.It Pa output/ 836line printer spooling directories 837.El 838.Pp 839.It Pa tmp/ 840temporary files that are kept between system reboots 841.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 842.It Pa vi.recover/ 843the directory where recovery files are stored 844.El 845.It Pa yp/ 846the NIS maps 847.El 848.El 849.Sh NOTES 850This manual page documents the default 851.Fx 852file system layout, but 853the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system 854administrator's discretion. 855A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of 856this document. 857.Sh SEE ALSO 858.Xr apropos 1 , 859.Xr find 1 , 860.Xr finger 1 , 861.Xr grep 1 , 862.Xr ls 1 , 863.Xr whatis 1 , 864.Xr whereis 1 , 865.Xr which 1 , 866.Xr fd 4 , 867.Xr devfs 5 , 868.Xr fsck 8 869.Sh HISTORY 870A 871.Nm 872manual page appeared in 873.At v7 .
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