1/*
2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Mike Muuss.
7 *
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * are met:
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17 * must display the following acknowledgement:
18 * This product includes software developed by the University of
19 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22 * without specific prior written permission.
23 *
24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34 * SUCH DAMAGE.
35 */
36
37#ifndef lint
38static char copyright[] =
39"@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
40 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
41#endif /* not lint */
42
43#ifndef lint
44static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
45#endif /* not lint */
46
47/*
48 * P I N G . C
49 *
50 * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
51 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
52 *
53 * Author -
54 * Mike Muuss
55 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
56 * December, 1983
57 *
58 * Status -
59 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
60 * Bugs -
61 * More statistics could always be gathered.
62 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
63 */
64
65#include <sys/param.h>
66#include <sys/socket.h>
67#include <sys/file.h>
68#include <sys/time.h>
69#include <sys/signal.h>
70#include <termios.h>
71
72#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
73#include <netinet/in.h>
74#include <netinet/ip.h>
75#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
76#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
77#include <netdb.h>
78#include <unistd.h>
79#include <stdio.h>
80#include <ctype.h>
81#include <errno.h>
82#include <string.h>
83
84#define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */
85#define MAXIPLEN 60
86#define MAXICMPLEN 76
87#define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */
88#define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */
89#define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */
90
91#define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */
92#define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */
93#define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit))
94#define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
95#define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit))
96
97/* various options */
98int options;
99#define F_FLOOD 0x001
100#define F_INTERVAL 0x002
101#define F_NUMERIC 0x004
102#define F_PINGFILLED 0x008
103#define F_QUIET 0x010
104#define F_RROUTE 0x020
105#define F_SO_DEBUG 0x040
106#define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x080
107#define F_VERBOSE 0x100
108
109/*
110 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
111 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128
112 * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
113 */
114#define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128)
115int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
116char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
117
118struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */
119int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
120int s; /* socket file descriptor */
121u_char outpack[MAXPACKET];
122char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */
123char DOT = '.';
124char *hostname;
125int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */
126
127/* counters */
128long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */
129long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */
130long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */
131long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
132int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */
133
134/* timing */
135int timing; /* flag to do timing */
136double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */
137double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */
138double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */
139
140int reset_kerninfo;
141
142char *pr_addr();
143void catcher(), finish(), status();
144
145main(argc, argv)
146 int argc;
147 char **argv;
148{
149 extern int errno, optind;
150 extern char *optarg;
151 struct timeval timeout;
152 struct hostent *hp;
153 struct sockaddr_in *to;
154 struct protoent *proto;
155 struct termios ts;
156 register int i;
157 int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload;
158 u_char *datap, *packet;
159 char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], *malloc();
160#ifdef IP_OPTIONS
161 char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */
162#endif
163
164 preload = 0;
165 if (tcgetattr (0, &ts) != -1) {
166 reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO);
167 ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO;
168 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &ts);
169 }
170
171 datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)];
172 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Rc:dfh:i:l:np:qrs:v")) != EOF)
173 switch(ch) {
174 case 'c':
175 npackets = atoi(optarg);
176 if (npackets <= 0) {
177 (void)fprintf(stderr,
178 "ping: bad number of packets to transmit.\n");
179 exit(1);
180 }
181 break;
182 case 'd':
183 options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
184 break;
185 case 'f':
186 if (getuid()) {
187 (void)fprintf(stderr,
188 "ping: %s\n", strerror(EPERM));
189 exit(1);
190 }
191 options |= F_FLOOD;
192 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
193 break;
194 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */
195 interval = atoi(optarg);
196 if (interval <= 0) {
197 (void)fprintf(stderr,
198 "ping: bad timing interval.\n");
199 exit(1);
200 }
201 options |= F_INTERVAL;
202 break;
203 case 'l':
204 preload = atoi(optarg);
205 if (preload < 0) {
206 (void)fprintf(stderr,
207 "ping: bad preload value.\n");
208 exit(1);
209 }
210 break;
211 case 'n':
212 options |= F_NUMERIC;
213 break;
214 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */
215 options |= F_PINGFILLED;
216 fill((char *)datap, optarg);
217 break;
218 case 'q':
219 options |= F_QUIET;
220 break;
221 case 'R':
222 options |= F_RROUTE;
223 break;
224 case 'r':
225 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
226 break;
227 case 's': /* size of packet to send */
228 datalen = atoi(optarg);
229 if (datalen > MAXPACKET) {
230 (void)fprintf(stderr,
231 "ping: packet size too large.\n");
232 exit(1);
233 }
234 if (datalen <= 0) {
235 (void)fprintf(stderr,
236 "ping: illegal packet size.\n");
237 exit(1);
238 }
239 break;
240 case 'v':
241 options |= F_VERBOSE;
242 break;
243 default:
244 usage();
245 }
246 argc -= optind;
247 argv += optind;
248
249 if (argc != 1)
250 usage();
251 target = *argv;
252
253 bzero((char *)&whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
254 to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto;
255 to->sin_family = AF_INET;
256 to->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(target);
257 if (to->sin_addr.s_addr != (u_int)-1)
258 hostname = target;
259 else {
260 hp = gethostbyname(target);
261 if (!hp) {
262 (void)fprintf(stderr,
263 "ping: unknown host %s\n", target);
264 exit(1);
265 }
266 to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
267 bcopy(hp->h_addr, (caddr_t)&to->sin_addr, hp->h_length);
268 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
269 hostname = hnamebuf;
270 }
271
272 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) {
273 (void)fprintf(stderr,
274 "ping: -f and -i incompatible options.\n");
275 exit(1);
276 }
277
278 if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */
279 timing = 1;
280 packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN;
281 if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) {
282 (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: out of memory.\n");
283 exit(1);
284 }
285 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
286 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i)
287 *datap++ = i;
288
289 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
290
291 if (!(proto = getprotobyname("icmp"))) {
292 (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown protocol icmp.\n");
293 exit(1);
294 }
295 if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto)) < 0) {
296 perror("ping: socket");
297 exit(1);
298 }
299 hold = 1;
300 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
301 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
302 sizeof(hold));
303 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
304 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
305 sizeof(hold));
306
307 /* record route option */
308 if (options & F_RROUTE) {
309#ifdef IP_OPTIONS
310 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
311 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1;
312 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
313 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
314 sizeof(rspace)) < 0) {
315 perror("ping: record route");
316 exit(1);
317 }
318#else
319 (void)fprintf(stderr,
320 "ping: record route not available in this implementation.\n");
321 exit(1);
322#endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
323 }
324
325 /*
326 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
327 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
328 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
329 * /etc/ethers.
330 */
331 hold = 48 * 1024;
332 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
333 sizeof(hold));
334
335 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET)
336 (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname,
337 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr),
338 datalen);
339 else
340 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
341
342 (void)signal(SIGINT, finish);
343 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
344 (void)signal(SIGINFO, status);
345
346 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */
347 pinger();
348
349 if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0)
350 catcher(); /* start things going */
351
352 for (;;) {
353 struct sockaddr_in from;
354 register int cc;
355 int fromlen;
356
357 if (options & F_FLOOD) {
358 pinger();
359 timeout.tv_sec = 0;
360 timeout.tv_usec = 10000;
361 fdmask = 1 << s;
362 if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL,
363 (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1)
364 continue;
365 }
366 fromlen = sizeof(from);
367 if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0,
368 (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) {
369 if (errno == EINTR)
370 continue;
371 perror("ping: recvfrom");
372 continue;
373 }
374 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from);
375 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
376 break;
377 }
378 finish();
379 /* NOTREACHED */
380}
381
382/*
383 * catcher --
384 * This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then
385 * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now.
386 *
387 * bug --
388 * Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be
389 * launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the
390 * quality of the delay and loss statistics.
391 */
392void
393catcher()
394{
395 int waittime;
396
397 pinger();
398 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
399 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
400 alarm((u_int)interval);
401 else {
402 if (nreceived) {
403 waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000;
404 if (!waittime)
405 waittime = 1;
406 } else
407 waittime = MAXWAIT;
408 (void)signal(SIGALRM, finish);
409 (void)alarm((u_int)waittime);
410 }
411}
412
413/*
414 * pinger --
415 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
416 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
417 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes
418 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX
419 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
420 */
421pinger()
422{
423 register struct icmp *icp;
424 register int cc;
425 int i;
426
427 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
428 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
429 icp->icmp_code = 0;
430 icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
431 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted++;
432 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */
433
434 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
435
436 if (timing)
437 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8],
438 (struct timezone *)NULL);
439
440 cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */
441
442 /* compute ICMP checksum here */
443 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
444
445 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto,
446 sizeof(struct sockaddr));
447
448 if (i < 0 || i != cc) {
449 if (i < 0)
450 perror("ping: sendto");
451 (void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n",
452 hostname, cc, i);
453 }
454 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
455 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
456}
457
458/*
459 * pr_pack --
460 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
461 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
462 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
463 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
464 */
465pr_pack(buf, cc, from)
466 char *buf;
467 int cc;
468 struct sockaddr_in *from;
469{
470 register struct icmp *icp;
471 register u_long l;
472 register int i, j;
473 register u_char *cp,*dp;
474 static int old_rrlen;
475 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
476 struct ip *ip;
477 struct timeval tv, *tp;
478 double triptime;
479 int hlen, dupflag;
480
481 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
482
483 /* Check the IP header */
484 ip = (struct ip *)buf;
485 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
486 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
487 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
488 (void)fprintf(stderr,
489 "ping: packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
490 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr));
491 return;
492 }
493
494 /* Now the ICMP part */
495 cc -= hlen;
496 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
497 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {
498 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
499 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
500 ++nreceived;
501 if (timing) {
502#ifndef icmp_data
503 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip;
504#else
505 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data;
506#endif
507 tvsub(&tv, tp);
508 triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
509 ((double)tv.tv_usec) / 1000.0;
510 tsum += triptime;
511 if (triptime < tmin)
512 tmin = triptime;
513 if (triptime > tmax)
514 tmax = triptime;
515 }
516
517 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
518 ++nrepeats;
519 --nreceived;
520 dupflag = 1;
521 } else {
522 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
523 dupflag = 0;
524 }
525
526 if (options & F_QUIET)
527 return;
528
529 if (options & F_FLOOD)
530 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
531 else {
532 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
533 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
534 icp->icmp_seq);
535 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
536 if (timing)
537 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
538 if (dupflag)
539 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
540 /* check the data */
541 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[8];
542 dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)];
543 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
544 if (*cp != *dp) {
545 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
546 i, *dp, *cp);
547 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
548 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
549 if ((i % 32) == 8)
550 (void)printf("\n\t");
551 (void)printf("%x ", *cp);
552 }
553 break;
554 }
555 }
556 }
557 } else {
558 /* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */
559 if (!(options & F_VERBOSE))
560 return;
561 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
562 pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr));
563 pr_icmph(icp);
564 }
565
566 /* Display any IP options */
567 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
568
569 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
570 switch (*cp) {
571 case IPOPT_EOL:
572 hlen = 0;
573 break;
574 case IPOPT_LSRR:
575 (void)printf("\nLSRR: ");
576 hlen -= 2;
577 j = *++cp;
578 ++cp;
579 if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF)
580 for (;;) {
581 l = *++cp;
582 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
583 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
584 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
585 if (l == 0)
586 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
587 else
588 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
589 hlen -= 4;
590 j -= 4;
591 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF)
592 break;
593 (void)putchar('\n');
594 }
595 break;
596 case IPOPT_RR:
597 j = *++cp; /* get length */
598 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */
599 hlen -= 2;
600 if (i > j)
601 i = j;
602 i -= IPOPT_MINOFF;
603 if (i <= 0)
604 continue;
605 if (i == old_rrlen
606 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2
607 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
608 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
609 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
610 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4;
611 hlen -= i;
612 cp += i;
613 break;
614 }
615 old_rrlen = i;
616 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
617 (void)printf("\nRR: ");
618 for (;;) {
619 l = *++cp;
620 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
621 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
622 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
623 if (l == 0)
624 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
625 else
626 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
627 hlen -= 4;
628 i -= 4;
629 if (i <= 0)
630 break;
631 (void)putchar('\n');
632 }
633 break;
634 case IPOPT_NOP:
635 (void)printf("\nNOP");
636 break;
637 default:
638 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
639 break;
640 }
641 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
642 (void)putchar('\n');
643 (void)fflush(stdout);
644 }
645}
646
647/*
648 * in_cksum --
649 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
650 */
651in_cksum(addr, len)
652 u_short *addr;
653 int len;
654{
655 register int nleft = len;
656 register u_short *w = addr;
657 register int sum = 0;
658 u_short answer = 0;
659
660 /*
661 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
662 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
663 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
664 */
665 while (nleft > 1) {
666 sum += *w++;
667 nleft -= 2;
668 }
669
670 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
671 if (nleft == 1) {
672 *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ;
673 sum += answer;
674 }
675
676 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
677 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
678 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
679 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
680 return(answer);
681}
682
683/*
684 * tvsub --
685 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to
686 * be >= in.
687 */
688tvsub(out, in)
689 register struct timeval *out, *in;
690{
691 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
692 --out->tv_sec;
693 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
694 }
695 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
696}
697
698/*
699 * status --
700 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
701 */
702
703void
704status()
705{
706 double temp_min = nreceived ? tmin : 0;
707 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%ld/%ld packets received (%ld%%) "
708 "%.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max\n",
709 nreceived, ntransmitted,
710 (ntransmitted ?
711 100 - (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100)
712 / ntransmitted)
713 : 0),
714 temp_min,
715 ((nreceived + nrepeats) ?
716 (tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats))/1000.0
717 : tsum),
718 tmax/ 1000.0);
719}
720
721/*
722 * finish --
723 * Print out statistics, and give up.
724 */
725void
726finish()
727{
728 register int i;
729 struct termios ts;
730
731 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
732 (void)putchar('\n');
733 (void)fflush(stdout);
734 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
735 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
736 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
737 if (nrepeats)
738 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
739 if (ntransmitted)
740 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
741 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
742 else
743 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss",
744 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) /
745 ntransmitted));
746 (void)putchar('\n');
747 if (nreceived && timing) {
748 /* Only display average to microseconds */
749 i = 1000.0 * tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats);
750 (void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
751 tmin, ((double)i) / 1000.0, tmax);
752 }
753 if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr (0, &ts) != -1) {
754 ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO;
755 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &ts);
756 }
757
| 1/*
2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Mike Muuss.
7 *
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * are met:
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17 * must display the following acknowledgement:
18 * This product includes software developed by the University of
19 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22 * without specific prior written permission.
23 *
24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34 * SUCH DAMAGE.
35 */
36
37#ifndef lint
38static char copyright[] =
39"@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
40 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
41#endif /* not lint */
42
43#ifndef lint
44static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
45#endif /* not lint */
46
47/*
48 * P I N G . C
49 *
50 * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
51 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
52 *
53 * Author -
54 * Mike Muuss
55 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
56 * December, 1983
57 *
58 * Status -
59 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
60 * Bugs -
61 * More statistics could always be gathered.
62 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
63 */
64
65#include <sys/param.h>
66#include <sys/socket.h>
67#include <sys/file.h>
68#include <sys/time.h>
69#include <sys/signal.h>
70#include <termios.h>
71
72#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
73#include <netinet/in.h>
74#include <netinet/ip.h>
75#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
76#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
77#include <netdb.h>
78#include <unistd.h>
79#include <stdio.h>
80#include <ctype.h>
81#include <errno.h>
82#include <string.h>
83
84#define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */
85#define MAXIPLEN 60
86#define MAXICMPLEN 76
87#define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */
88#define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */
89#define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */
90
91#define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */
92#define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */
93#define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit))
94#define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
95#define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit))
96
97/* various options */
98int options;
99#define F_FLOOD 0x001
100#define F_INTERVAL 0x002
101#define F_NUMERIC 0x004
102#define F_PINGFILLED 0x008
103#define F_QUIET 0x010
104#define F_RROUTE 0x020
105#define F_SO_DEBUG 0x040
106#define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x080
107#define F_VERBOSE 0x100
108
109/*
110 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
111 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128
112 * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
113 */
114#define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128)
115int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
116char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
117
118struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */
119int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
120int s; /* socket file descriptor */
121u_char outpack[MAXPACKET];
122char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */
123char DOT = '.';
124char *hostname;
125int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */
126
127/* counters */
128long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */
129long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */
130long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */
131long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
132int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */
133
134/* timing */
135int timing; /* flag to do timing */
136double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */
137double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */
138double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */
139
140int reset_kerninfo;
141
142char *pr_addr();
143void catcher(), finish(), status();
144
145main(argc, argv)
146 int argc;
147 char **argv;
148{
149 extern int errno, optind;
150 extern char *optarg;
151 struct timeval timeout;
152 struct hostent *hp;
153 struct sockaddr_in *to;
154 struct protoent *proto;
155 struct termios ts;
156 register int i;
157 int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload;
158 u_char *datap, *packet;
159 char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], *malloc();
160#ifdef IP_OPTIONS
161 char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */
162#endif
163
164 preload = 0;
165 if (tcgetattr (0, &ts) != -1) {
166 reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO);
167 ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO;
168 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &ts);
169 }
170
171 datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)];
172 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Rc:dfh:i:l:np:qrs:v")) != EOF)
173 switch(ch) {
174 case 'c':
175 npackets = atoi(optarg);
176 if (npackets <= 0) {
177 (void)fprintf(stderr,
178 "ping: bad number of packets to transmit.\n");
179 exit(1);
180 }
181 break;
182 case 'd':
183 options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
184 break;
185 case 'f':
186 if (getuid()) {
187 (void)fprintf(stderr,
188 "ping: %s\n", strerror(EPERM));
189 exit(1);
190 }
191 options |= F_FLOOD;
192 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
193 break;
194 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */
195 interval = atoi(optarg);
196 if (interval <= 0) {
197 (void)fprintf(stderr,
198 "ping: bad timing interval.\n");
199 exit(1);
200 }
201 options |= F_INTERVAL;
202 break;
203 case 'l':
204 preload = atoi(optarg);
205 if (preload < 0) {
206 (void)fprintf(stderr,
207 "ping: bad preload value.\n");
208 exit(1);
209 }
210 break;
211 case 'n':
212 options |= F_NUMERIC;
213 break;
214 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */
215 options |= F_PINGFILLED;
216 fill((char *)datap, optarg);
217 break;
218 case 'q':
219 options |= F_QUIET;
220 break;
221 case 'R':
222 options |= F_RROUTE;
223 break;
224 case 'r':
225 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
226 break;
227 case 's': /* size of packet to send */
228 datalen = atoi(optarg);
229 if (datalen > MAXPACKET) {
230 (void)fprintf(stderr,
231 "ping: packet size too large.\n");
232 exit(1);
233 }
234 if (datalen <= 0) {
235 (void)fprintf(stderr,
236 "ping: illegal packet size.\n");
237 exit(1);
238 }
239 break;
240 case 'v':
241 options |= F_VERBOSE;
242 break;
243 default:
244 usage();
245 }
246 argc -= optind;
247 argv += optind;
248
249 if (argc != 1)
250 usage();
251 target = *argv;
252
253 bzero((char *)&whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
254 to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto;
255 to->sin_family = AF_INET;
256 to->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(target);
257 if (to->sin_addr.s_addr != (u_int)-1)
258 hostname = target;
259 else {
260 hp = gethostbyname(target);
261 if (!hp) {
262 (void)fprintf(stderr,
263 "ping: unknown host %s\n", target);
264 exit(1);
265 }
266 to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
267 bcopy(hp->h_addr, (caddr_t)&to->sin_addr, hp->h_length);
268 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
269 hostname = hnamebuf;
270 }
271
272 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) {
273 (void)fprintf(stderr,
274 "ping: -f and -i incompatible options.\n");
275 exit(1);
276 }
277
278 if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */
279 timing = 1;
280 packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN;
281 if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) {
282 (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: out of memory.\n");
283 exit(1);
284 }
285 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
286 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i)
287 *datap++ = i;
288
289 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
290
291 if (!(proto = getprotobyname("icmp"))) {
292 (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown protocol icmp.\n");
293 exit(1);
294 }
295 if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto)) < 0) {
296 perror("ping: socket");
297 exit(1);
298 }
299 hold = 1;
300 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
301 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
302 sizeof(hold));
303 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
304 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
305 sizeof(hold));
306
307 /* record route option */
308 if (options & F_RROUTE) {
309#ifdef IP_OPTIONS
310 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
311 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1;
312 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
313 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
314 sizeof(rspace)) < 0) {
315 perror("ping: record route");
316 exit(1);
317 }
318#else
319 (void)fprintf(stderr,
320 "ping: record route not available in this implementation.\n");
321 exit(1);
322#endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
323 }
324
325 /*
326 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
327 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
328 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
329 * /etc/ethers.
330 */
331 hold = 48 * 1024;
332 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
333 sizeof(hold));
334
335 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET)
336 (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname,
337 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr),
338 datalen);
339 else
340 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
341
342 (void)signal(SIGINT, finish);
343 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
344 (void)signal(SIGINFO, status);
345
346 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */
347 pinger();
348
349 if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0)
350 catcher(); /* start things going */
351
352 for (;;) {
353 struct sockaddr_in from;
354 register int cc;
355 int fromlen;
356
357 if (options & F_FLOOD) {
358 pinger();
359 timeout.tv_sec = 0;
360 timeout.tv_usec = 10000;
361 fdmask = 1 << s;
362 if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL,
363 (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1)
364 continue;
365 }
366 fromlen = sizeof(from);
367 if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0,
368 (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) {
369 if (errno == EINTR)
370 continue;
371 perror("ping: recvfrom");
372 continue;
373 }
374 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from);
375 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
376 break;
377 }
378 finish();
379 /* NOTREACHED */
380}
381
382/*
383 * catcher --
384 * This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then
385 * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now.
386 *
387 * bug --
388 * Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be
389 * launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the
390 * quality of the delay and loss statistics.
391 */
392void
393catcher()
394{
395 int waittime;
396
397 pinger();
398 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
399 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
400 alarm((u_int)interval);
401 else {
402 if (nreceived) {
403 waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000;
404 if (!waittime)
405 waittime = 1;
406 } else
407 waittime = MAXWAIT;
408 (void)signal(SIGALRM, finish);
409 (void)alarm((u_int)waittime);
410 }
411}
412
413/*
414 * pinger --
415 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
416 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
417 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes
418 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX
419 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
420 */
421pinger()
422{
423 register struct icmp *icp;
424 register int cc;
425 int i;
426
427 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
428 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
429 icp->icmp_code = 0;
430 icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
431 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted++;
432 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */
433
434 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
435
436 if (timing)
437 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8],
438 (struct timezone *)NULL);
439
440 cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */
441
442 /* compute ICMP checksum here */
443 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
444
445 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto,
446 sizeof(struct sockaddr));
447
448 if (i < 0 || i != cc) {
449 if (i < 0)
450 perror("ping: sendto");
451 (void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n",
452 hostname, cc, i);
453 }
454 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
455 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
456}
457
458/*
459 * pr_pack --
460 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
461 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
462 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
463 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
464 */
465pr_pack(buf, cc, from)
466 char *buf;
467 int cc;
468 struct sockaddr_in *from;
469{
470 register struct icmp *icp;
471 register u_long l;
472 register int i, j;
473 register u_char *cp,*dp;
474 static int old_rrlen;
475 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
476 struct ip *ip;
477 struct timeval tv, *tp;
478 double triptime;
479 int hlen, dupflag;
480
481 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
482
483 /* Check the IP header */
484 ip = (struct ip *)buf;
485 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
486 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
487 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
488 (void)fprintf(stderr,
489 "ping: packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
490 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr));
491 return;
492 }
493
494 /* Now the ICMP part */
495 cc -= hlen;
496 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
497 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {
498 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
499 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
500 ++nreceived;
501 if (timing) {
502#ifndef icmp_data
503 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip;
504#else
505 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data;
506#endif
507 tvsub(&tv, tp);
508 triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
509 ((double)tv.tv_usec) / 1000.0;
510 tsum += triptime;
511 if (triptime < tmin)
512 tmin = triptime;
513 if (triptime > tmax)
514 tmax = triptime;
515 }
516
517 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
518 ++nrepeats;
519 --nreceived;
520 dupflag = 1;
521 } else {
522 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
523 dupflag = 0;
524 }
525
526 if (options & F_QUIET)
527 return;
528
529 if (options & F_FLOOD)
530 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
531 else {
532 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
533 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
534 icp->icmp_seq);
535 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
536 if (timing)
537 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
538 if (dupflag)
539 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
540 /* check the data */
541 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[8];
542 dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)];
543 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
544 if (*cp != *dp) {
545 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
546 i, *dp, *cp);
547 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
548 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
549 if ((i % 32) == 8)
550 (void)printf("\n\t");
551 (void)printf("%x ", *cp);
552 }
553 break;
554 }
555 }
556 }
557 } else {
558 /* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */
559 if (!(options & F_VERBOSE))
560 return;
561 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
562 pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr));
563 pr_icmph(icp);
564 }
565
566 /* Display any IP options */
567 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
568
569 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
570 switch (*cp) {
571 case IPOPT_EOL:
572 hlen = 0;
573 break;
574 case IPOPT_LSRR:
575 (void)printf("\nLSRR: ");
576 hlen -= 2;
577 j = *++cp;
578 ++cp;
579 if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF)
580 for (;;) {
581 l = *++cp;
582 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
583 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
584 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
585 if (l == 0)
586 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
587 else
588 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
589 hlen -= 4;
590 j -= 4;
591 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF)
592 break;
593 (void)putchar('\n');
594 }
595 break;
596 case IPOPT_RR:
597 j = *++cp; /* get length */
598 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */
599 hlen -= 2;
600 if (i > j)
601 i = j;
602 i -= IPOPT_MINOFF;
603 if (i <= 0)
604 continue;
605 if (i == old_rrlen
606 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2
607 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
608 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
609 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
610 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4;
611 hlen -= i;
612 cp += i;
613 break;
614 }
615 old_rrlen = i;
616 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
617 (void)printf("\nRR: ");
618 for (;;) {
619 l = *++cp;
620 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
621 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
622 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
623 if (l == 0)
624 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
625 else
626 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
627 hlen -= 4;
628 i -= 4;
629 if (i <= 0)
630 break;
631 (void)putchar('\n');
632 }
633 break;
634 case IPOPT_NOP:
635 (void)printf("\nNOP");
636 break;
637 default:
638 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
639 break;
640 }
641 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
642 (void)putchar('\n');
643 (void)fflush(stdout);
644 }
645}
646
647/*
648 * in_cksum --
649 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
650 */
651in_cksum(addr, len)
652 u_short *addr;
653 int len;
654{
655 register int nleft = len;
656 register u_short *w = addr;
657 register int sum = 0;
658 u_short answer = 0;
659
660 /*
661 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
662 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
663 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
664 */
665 while (nleft > 1) {
666 sum += *w++;
667 nleft -= 2;
668 }
669
670 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
671 if (nleft == 1) {
672 *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ;
673 sum += answer;
674 }
675
676 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
677 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
678 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
679 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
680 return(answer);
681}
682
683/*
684 * tvsub --
685 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to
686 * be >= in.
687 */
688tvsub(out, in)
689 register struct timeval *out, *in;
690{
691 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
692 --out->tv_sec;
693 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
694 }
695 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
696}
697
698/*
699 * status --
700 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
701 */
702
703void
704status()
705{
706 double temp_min = nreceived ? tmin : 0;
707 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%ld/%ld packets received (%ld%%) "
708 "%.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max\n",
709 nreceived, ntransmitted,
710 (ntransmitted ?
711 100 - (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100)
712 / ntransmitted)
713 : 0),
714 temp_min,
715 ((nreceived + nrepeats) ?
716 (tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats))/1000.0
717 : tsum),
718 tmax/ 1000.0);
719}
720
721/*
722 * finish --
723 * Print out statistics, and give up.
724 */
725void
726finish()
727{
728 register int i;
729 struct termios ts;
730
731 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
732 (void)putchar('\n');
733 (void)fflush(stdout);
734 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
735 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
736 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
737 if (nrepeats)
738 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
739 if (ntransmitted)
740 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
741 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
742 else
743 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss",
744 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) /
745 ntransmitted));
746 (void)putchar('\n');
747 if (nreceived && timing) {
748 /* Only display average to microseconds */
749 i = 1000.0 * tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats);
750 (void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
751 tmin, ((double)i) / 1000.0, tmax);
752 }
753 if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr (0, &ts) != -1) {
754 ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO;
755 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &ts);
756 }
757
|
759}
760
761#ifdef notdef
762static char *ttab[] = {
763 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */
764 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
765 "Source Quench", /* IP */
766 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */
767 "Echo",
768 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
769 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */
770 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */
771 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */
772 "Info Request", /* id + sq */
773 "Info Reply" /* " */
774};
775#endif
776
777/*
778 * pr_icmph --
779 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
780 */
781pr_icmph(icp)
782 struct icmp *icp;
783{
784 switch(icp->icmp_type) {
785 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
786 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
787 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
788 break;
789 case ICMP_UNREACH:
790 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
791 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
792 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
793 break;
794 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
795 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
796 break;
797 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
798 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
799 break;
800 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
801 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
802 break;
803 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
804 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n");
805 break;
806 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
807 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
808 break;
809 default:
810 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
811 icp->icmp_code);
812 break;
813 }
814 /* Print returned IP header information */
815#ifndef icmp_data
816 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
817#else
818 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
819#endif
820 break;
821 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
822 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
823#ifndef icmp_data
824 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
825#else
826 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
827#endif
828 break;
829 case ICMP_REDIRECT:
830 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
831 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
832 (void)printf("Redirect Network");
833 break;
834 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
835 (void)printf("Redirect Host");
836 break;
837 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
838 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
839 break;
840 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
841 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
842 break;
843 default:
844 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
845 break;
846 }
847 (void)printf("(New addr: 0x%08lx)\n", icp->icmp_gwaddr.s_addr);
848#ifndef icmp_data
849 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
850#else
851 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
852#endif
853 break;
854 case ICMP_ECHO:
855 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
856 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
857 break;
858 case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
859 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
860 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
861 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
862 break;
863 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
864 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
865 break;
866 default:
867 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
868 icp->icmp_code);
869 break;
870 }
871#ifndef icmp_data
872 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
873#else
874 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
875#endif
876 break;
877 case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
878 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
879 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
880#ifndef icmp_data
881 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
882#else
883 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
884#endif
885 break;
886 case ICMP_TSTAMP:
887 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
888 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
889 break;
890 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
891 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
892 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
893 break;
894 case ICMP_IREQ:
895 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
896 /* XXX ID + Seq */
897 break;
898 case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
899 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
900 /* XXX ID + Seq */
901 break;
902#ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ
903 case ICMP_MASKREQ:
904 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
905 break;
906#endif
907#ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY
908 case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
909 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
910 break;
911#endif
912 default:
913 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
914 }
915}
916
917/*
918 * pr_iph --
919 * Print an IP header with options.
920 */
921pr_iph(ip)
922 struct ip *ip;
923{
924 int hlen;
925 u_char *cp;
926
927 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
928 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */
929
930 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n");
931 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
932 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id);
933 (void)printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
934 (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
935 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum);
936 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
937 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
938 /* dump and option bytes */
939 while (hlen-- > 20) {
940 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
941 }
942 (void)putchar('\n');
943}
944
945/*
946 * pr_addr --
947 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
948 * a hostname.
949 */
950char *
951pr_addr(l)
952 u_long l;
953{
954 struct hostent *hp;
955 static char buf[80];
956
957 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
958 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&l, 4, AF_INET)))
959 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l));
960 else
961 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
962 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l));
963 return(buf);
964}
965
966/*
967 * pr_retip --
968 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
969 */
970pr_retip(ip)
971 struct ip *ip;
972{
973 int hlen;
974 u_char *cp;
975
976 pr_iph(ip);
977 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
978 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
979
980 if (ip->ip_p == 6)
981 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
982 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
983 else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
984 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
985 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
986}
987
988fill(bp, patp)
989 char *bp, *patp;
990{
991 register int ii, jj, kk;
992 int pat[16];
993 char *cp;
994
995 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++)
996 if (!isxdigit(*cp)) {
997 (void)fprintf(stderr,
998 "ping: patterns must be specified as hex digits.\n");
999 exit(1);
1000 }
1001 ii = sscanf(patp,
1002 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1003 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1004 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1005 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1006
1007 if (ii > 0)
1008 for (kk = 0;
1009 kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + sizeof(struct timeval) + ii);
1010 kk += ii)
1011 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1012 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1013 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1014 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1015 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1016 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1017 (void)printf("\n");
1018 }
1019}
1020
1021usage()
1022{
1023 (void)fprintf(stderr,
1024 "usage: ping [-Rdfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload]\n\t[-p pattern] [-s packetsize] host\n");
1025 exit(1);
1026}
| 762}
763
764#ifdef notdef
765static char *ttab[] = {
766 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */
767 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
768 "Source Quench", /* IP */
769 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */
770 "Echo",
771 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
772 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */
773 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */
774 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */
775 "Info Request", /* id + sq */
776 "Info Reply" /* " */
777};
778#endif
779
780/*
781 * pr_icmph --
782 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
783 */
784pr_icmph(icp)
785 struct icmp *icp;
786{
787 switch(icp->icmp_type) {
788 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
789 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
790 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
791 break;
792 case ICMP_UNREACH:
793 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
794 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
795 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
796 break;
797 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
798 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
799 break;
800 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
801 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
802 break;
803 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
804 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
805 break;
806 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
807 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n");
808 break;
809 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
810 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
811 break;
812 default:
813 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
814 icp->icmp_code);
815 break;
816 }
817 /* Print returned IP header information */
818#ifndef icmp_data
819 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
820#else
821 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
822#endif
823 break;
824 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
825 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
826#ifndef icmp_data
827 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
828#else
829 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
830#endif
831 break;
832 case ICMP_REDIRECT:
833 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
834 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
835 (void)printf("Redirect Network");
836 break;
837 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
838 (void)printf("Redirect Host");
839 break;
840 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
841 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
842 break;
843 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
844 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
845 break;
846 default:
847 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
848 break;
849 }
850 (void)printf("(New addr: 0x%08lx)\n", icp->icmp_gwaddr.s_addr);
851#ifndef icmp_data
852 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
853#else
854 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
855#endif
856 break;
857 case ICMP_ECHO:
858 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
859 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
860 break;
861 case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
862 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
863 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
864 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
865 break;
866 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
867 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
868 break;
869 default:
870 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
871 icp->icmp_code);
872 break;
873 }
874#ifndef icmp_data
875 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
876#else
877 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
878#endif
879 break;
880 case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
881 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
882 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
883#ifndef icmp_data
884 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
885#else
886 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
887#endif
888 break;
889 case ICMP_TSTAMP:
890 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
891 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
892 break;
893 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
894 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
895 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
896 break;
897 case ICMP_IREQ:
898 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
899 /* XXX ID + Seq */
900 break;
901 case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
902 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
903 /* XXX ID + Seq */
904 break;
905#ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ
906 case ICMP_MASKREQ:
907 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
908 break;
909#endif
910#ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY
911 case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
912 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
913 break;
914#endif
915 default:
916 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
917 }
918}
919
920/*
921 * pr_iph --
922 * Print an IP header with options.
923 */
924pr_iph(ip)
925 struct ip *ip;
926{
927 int hlen;
928 u_char *cp;
929
930 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
931 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */
932
933 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n");
934 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
935 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id);
936 (void)printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
937 (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
938 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum);
939 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
940 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
941 /* dump and option bytes */
942 while (hlen-- > 20) {
943 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
944 }
945 (void)putchar('\n');
946}
947
948/*
949 * pr_addr --
950 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
951 * a hostname.
952 */
953char *
954pr_addr(l)
955 u_long l;
956{
957 struct hostent *hp;
958 static char buf[80];
959
960 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
961 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&l, 4, AF_INET)))
962 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l));
963 else
964 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
965 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l));
966 return(buf);
967}
968
969/*
970 * pr_retip --
971 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
972 */
973pr_retip(ip)
974 struct ip *ip;
975{
976 int hlen;
977 u_char *cp;
978
979 pr_iph(ip);
980 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
981 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
982
983 if (ip->ip_p == 6)
984 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
985 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
986 else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
987 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
988 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
989}
990
991fill(bp, patp)
992 char *bp, *patp;
993{
994 register int ii, jj, kk;
995 int pat[16];
996 char *cp;
997
998 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++)
999 if (!isxdigit(*cp)) {
1000 (void)fprintf(stderr,
1001 "ping: patterns must be specified as hex digits.\n");
1002 exit(1);
1003 }
1004 ii = sscanf(patp,
1005 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1006 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1007 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1008 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1009
1010 if (ii > 0)
1011 for (kk = 0;
1012 kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + sizeof(struct timeval) + ii);
1013 kk += ii)
1014 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1015 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1016 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1017 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1018 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1019 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1020 (void)printf("\n");
1021 }
1022}
1023
1024usage()
1025{
1026 (void)fprintf(stderr,
1027 "usage: ping [-Rdfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload]\n\t[-p pattern] [-s packetsize] host\n");
1028 exit(1);
1029}
|