| intro.2 (23471) | intro.2 (23660) |
|---|---|
| 1.\" Copyright (c) 1993, 1980198319861991 | 1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1991, 1993 |
| 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright --- 14 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" | 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright --- 14 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" |
| 32.\" @(#)intro.2 8.3 (Berkeley) 12/11/93 | 32.\" @(#)intro.2 8.5 (Berkeley) 2/27/95 |
| 33.\" | 33.\" |
| 34.Dd December 11, 1993 | 34.Dd February 27, 1995 |
| 35.Dt INTRO 2 36.Os BSD 4 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm intro 39.Nd introduction to system calls and error numbers 40.Sh SYNOPSIS 41.Fd #include <sys/errno.h> 42.Sh DESCRIPTION --- 109 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 152A request was made to execute a file 153that, although it has the appropriate permissions, 154was not in the format required for an 155executable file. 156.It Er 9 EBADF Em "Bad file descriptor" . 157A file descriptor argument was out of range, referred to no open file, 158or a read (write) request was made to a file that was only open for 159writing (reading). | 35.Dt INTRO 2 36.Os BSD 4 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm intro 39.Nd introduction to system calls and error numbers 40.Sh SYNOPSIS 41.Fd #include <sys/errno.h> 42.Sh DESCRIPTION --- 109 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 152A request was made to execute a file 153that, although it has the appropriate permissions, 154was not in the format required for an 155executable file. 156.It Er 9 EBADF Em "Bad file descriptor" . 157A file descriptor argument was out of range, referred to no open file, 158or a read (write) request was made to a file that was only open for 159writing (reading). |
| 160.sp |
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| 160.It Er 10 ECHILD Em "\&No child processes" . 161A 162.Xr wait 2 163or 164.Xr waitpid 2 165function was executed by a process that had no existing or unwaited-for 166child processes. 167.It Er 11 EDEADLK Em "Resource deadlock avoided" . --- 151 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 319An address incompatible with the requested protocol was used. 320For example, you shouldn't necessarily expect to be able to use 321.Tn NS 322addresses with 323.Tn ARPA 324Internet protocols. 325.It Er 48 EADDRINUSE Em "Address already in use" . 326Only one usage of each address is normally permitted. | 161.It Er 10 ECHILD Em "\&No child processes" . 162A 163.Xr wait 2 164or 165.Xr waitpid 2 166function was executed by a process that had no existing or unwaited-for 167child processes. 168.It Er 11 EDEADLK Em "Resource deadlock avoided" . --- 151 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 320An address incompatible with the requested protocol was used. 321For example, you shouldn't necessarily expect to be able to use 322.Tn NS 323addresses with 324.Tn ARPA 325Internet protocols. 326.It Er 48 EADDRINUSE Em "Address already in use" . 327Only one usage of each address is normally permitted. |
| 328.sp |
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| 327.It Er 49 EADDRNOTAVAIL Em "Cannot assign requested address" . 328Normally results from an attempt to create a socket with an 329address not on this machine. 330.It Er 50 ENETDOWN Em "Network is down" . 331A socket operation encountered a dead network. 332.It Er 51 ENETUNREACH Em "Network is unreachable" . 333A socket operation was attempted to an unreachable network. 334.It Er 52 ENETRESET Em "Network dropped connection on reset" . --- 64 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 399A 400.Xr write 2 401to an ordinary file, the creation of a 402directory or symbolic link, or the creation of a directory 403entry failed because the user's quota of disk blocks was 404exhausted, or the allocation of an inode for a newly 405created file failed because the user's quota of inodes 406was exhausted. | 329.It Er 49 EADDRNOTAVAIL Em "Cannot assign requested address" . 330Normally results from an attempt to create a socket with an 331address not on this machine. 332.It Er 50 ENETDOWN Em "Network is down" . 333A socket operation encountered a dead network. 334.It Er 51 ENETUNREACH Em "Network is unreachable" . 335A socket operation was attempted to an unreachable network. 336.It Er 52 ENETRESET Em "Network dropped connection on reset" . --- 64 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 401A 402.Xr write 2 403to an ordinary file, the creation of a 404directory or symbolic link, or the creation of a directory 405entry failed because the user's quota of disk blocks was 406exhausted, or the allocation of an inode for a newly 407created file failed because the user's quota of inodes 408was exhausted. |
| 409.ne 1i |
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| 407.It Er 70 ESTALE Em "Stale NFS file handle" . 408An attempt was made to access an open file (on an 409.Tn NFS 410filesystem) 411which is now unavailable as referenced by the file descriptor. 412This may indicate the file was deleted on the 413.Tn NFS 414server or some --- 56 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 471is known as a session leader. 472Only a session leader may acquire a terminal as its controlling terminal (see 473.Xr termios 4 ) . 474.It Controlling process 475A session leader with a controlling terminal is a controlling process. 476.It Controlling terminal 477A terminal that is associated with a session is known as the controlling 478terminal for that session and its members. | 410.It Er 70 ESTALE Em "Stale NFS file handle" . 411An attempt was made to access an open file (on an 412.Tn NFS 413filesystem) 414which is now unavailable as referenced by the file descriptor. 415This may indicate the file was deleted on the 416.Tn NFS 417server or some --- 56 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 474is known as a session leader. 475Only a session leader may acquire a terminal as its controlling terminal (see 476.Xr termios 4 ) . 477.It Controlling process 478A session leader with a controlling terminal is a controlling process. 479.It Controlling terminal 480A terminal that is associated with a session is known as the controlling 481terminal for that session and its members. |
| 482.ne 1i |
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| 479.It "Terminal Process Group ID" 480A terminal may be acquired by a session leader as its controlling terminal. 481Once a terminal is associated with a session, any of the process groups 482within the session may be placed into the foreground by setting 483the terminal process group ID to the ID of the process group. 484This facility is used 485to arbitrate between multiple jobs contending for the same terminal; 486(see --- 61 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 548.Xr setuid 2 ) . 549(In POSIX.1, the saved set-user-ID and saved set-group-ID are optional, 550and are used in setuid and setgid, but this does not work as desired 551for the super-user.) 552.It Super-user 553A process is recognized as a 554.Em super-user 555process and is granted special privileges if its effective user ID is 0. | 483.It "Terminal Process Group ID" 484A terminal may be acquired by a session leader as its controlling terminal. 485Once a terminal is associated with a session, any of the process groups 486within the session may be placed into the foreground by setting 487the terminal process group ID to the ID of the process group. 488This facility is used 489to arbitrate between multiple jobs contending for the same terminal; 490(see --- 61 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 552.Xr setuid 2 ) . 553(In POSIX.1, the saved set-user-ID and saved set-group-ID are optional, 554and are used in setuid and setgid, but this does not work as desired 555for the super-user.) 556.It Super-user 557A process is recognized as a 558.Em super-user 559process and is granted special privileges if its effective user ID is 0. |
| 560.ne 1i |
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| 556.It Special Processes 557The processes with process IDs of 0, 1, and 2 are special. 558Process 0 is the scheduler. Process 1 is the initialization process 559.Xr init , 560and is the ancestor of every other process in the system. 561It is used to control the process structure. 562Process 2 is the paging daemon. 563.It Descriptor --- 141 unchanged lines hidden --- | 561.It Special Processes 562The processes with process IDs of 0, 1, and 2 are special. 563Process 0 is the scheduler. Process 1 is the initialization process 564.Xr init , 565and is the ancestor of every other process in the system. 566It is used to control the process structure. 567Process 2 is the paging daemon. 568.It Descriptor --- 141 unchanged lines hidden --- |