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1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
9# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
10#
11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15#
10#
11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15#
16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22#
23# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
24# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
25#

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32# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
33# which I found in the UCLA library.
34#
35# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
36# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
37# [PDF] (1914-03)
38#
39# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22#
23# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
24# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
25#

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32# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
33# which I found in the UCLA library.
34#
35# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
36# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
37# [PDF] (1914-03)
38#
39# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
40# . He writes:
40# <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
41# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
42# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
43# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
44#
45# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
46# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
41# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
42# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
43# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
44#
45# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
46# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
47# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
47# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
48# The full Russian citation is:
49# ��������������, �������������� ��������������������. ���������� �������� �������������� �� �������������� ����������
50# ������������������ ���������������� ������������ ���������������� �������������������� ������ �������� ������������ �� 1-����
51# �������� 1919 ��. / ������. 2-�� ������������������������������������ ����������������. - ������������������:
52# �������������� ������. ������., 1919.
53# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
54#
55# Brazil's Divis��o Servi��o da Hora (DSHO),
56# History of Summer Time
57# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
58# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
48# The full Russian citation is:
49# ��������������, �������������� ��������������������. ���������� �������� �������������� �� �������������� ����������
50# ������������������ ���������������� ������������ ���������������� �������������������� ������ �������� ������������ �� 1-����
51# �������� 1919 ��. / ������. 2-�� ������������������������������������ ����������������. - ������������������:
52# �������������� ������. ������., 1919.
53# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
54#
55# Brazil's Divis��o Servi��o da Hora (DSHO),
56# History of Summer Time
57# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
58# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
59
60#
61# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
59#
60# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
62# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
63# Corrections are welcome!
64# std dst 2dst
65# LMT Local Mean Time
66# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
67# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
68# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
69# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
70# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
71# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
72# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
73# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
74# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
75# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
76# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
77# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
78# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
61# the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time,
62# or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome!
63# std dst 2dst
64# LMT Local Mean Time
65# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
66# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
67# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
68# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
69# 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
70# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
71# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
72# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)
73# 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
74# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
75# 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow
79
80# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
81# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
82# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
83# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
84# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
85# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
86# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for

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185# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
186# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
187# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
188# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
189# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
190# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
191# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
192# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
76
77# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
78# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
79# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
80# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
81# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
82# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
83# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for

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182# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
183# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
184# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
185# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
186# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
187# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
188# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
189# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
193# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
190# https://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-by-winston-s-churchill
194
195# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
196# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
197# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
198# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
199# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
200# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see:
201# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press

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223# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
224
225# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
226# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
227# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
228# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
229# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
230# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
191
192# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
193# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
194# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
195# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
196# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
197# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see:
198# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press

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220# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
221
222# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
223# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
224# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
225# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
226# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
227# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
231# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
232# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
228# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
229# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
233
234# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
235# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
236# which is to be introduced in May....
237# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
238# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
239
240# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
241# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
242# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
243# so we use 'BDST'.
244
245# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
246# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
247# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
248# and extending this list, which can be found in
230
231# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
232# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
233# which is to be introduced in May....
234# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
235# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
236
237# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
238# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
239# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
240# so we use 'BDST'.
241
242# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
243# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
244# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
245# and extending this list, which can be found in
249# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
246# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
250
251# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
252#
253# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
254# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
247
248# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
249#
250# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
251# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
255# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
252# https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
256# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
257
258# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
259#
260# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
261#
262# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
263# are incorrect:

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293# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
294
295# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
296# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
297# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn F��in) camp'. She claimed
298# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
299# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
300# Irish Times 2014-10-27.
253# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
254
255# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
256#
257# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
258#
259# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
260# are incorrect:

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290# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
291
292# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
293# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
294# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn F��in) camp'. She claimed
295# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
296# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
297# Irish Times 2014-10-27.
301# http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
298# https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
302
303# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
304# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
305# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
306#
307# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
308#
309# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html

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346# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
347# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
348# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
349# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
350# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
351# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
352# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
353
299
300# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
301# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
302# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
303#
304# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
305#
306# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html

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343# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
344# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
345# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
346# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
347# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
348# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
349# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
350
351# Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's
352# Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947:
353# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print.html
354# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print.html
355# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print.html
356
354# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
355# Summer Time Act, 1916
356Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
357Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
358# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
359Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
360Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
361# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274

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470 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
471 0:00 EU GMT/BST
472Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
473Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
474Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
475
476# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
477Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
357# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
358# Summer Time Act, 1916
359Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
360Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
361# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
362Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
363Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
364# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274

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473 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
474 0:00 EU GMT/BST
475Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
476Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
477Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
478
479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
480Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
478 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
481 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s # Dublin MT
479 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
480 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
482 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
483 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
481 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
482 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
483 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
484 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
485 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
484 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s
485 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s
486 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s
487 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s
488 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s
486 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
487 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
488 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
489 0:00 EU GMT/IST
490
491###############################################################################
492
493# Europe

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623# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
624
625# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
626# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
627# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
628# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
629#
630# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have
489 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
490 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
491 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
492 0:00 EU GMT/IST
493
494###############################################################################
495
496# Europe

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626# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
627
628# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
629# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
630# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
631# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
632#
633# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have
631# title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
634# title at https://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
632# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
633# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
634# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
635# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
636# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
637# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
638# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989:
639# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:

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654# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
655# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
656# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
657#
658# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
659# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
660#
661# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
635# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
636# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
637# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
638# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
639# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
640# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
641# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989:
642# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:

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657# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
658# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
659# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
660#
661# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
662# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
663#
664# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
662# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
665# https://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
663
664# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
665# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
666# to be standard.
667
668# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
669
670# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

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781#
782# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
783# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
784# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
785#
786# Sources (Russian language):
787# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
788# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
666
667# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
668# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
669# to be standard.
670
671# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
672
673# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

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784#
785# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
786# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
787# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
788#
789# Sources (Russian language):
790# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
791# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
789# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
792# https://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
790#
791# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
792# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
793# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
794#
795# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
796Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
797 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time

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896 2:00 EU EE%sT
897
898# Croatia
899# See Europe/Belgrade.
900
901# Cyprus
902# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
903
793#
794# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
795# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
796# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
797#
798# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
799Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
800 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time

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899 2:00 EU EE%sT
900
901# Croatia
902# See Europe/Belgrade.
903
904# Cyprus
905# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
906
904# Czech Republic
907# Czech Republic / Czechia
905# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
906Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
907Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
908Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
909Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
910Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
911Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
912Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S

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1059Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1060Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1061Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1062Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1063Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1064#
1065# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1066Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
908# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
909Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
910Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
911Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
912Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
913Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
914Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
915Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S

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1062Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1063Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1064Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1065Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1066Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1067#
1068# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1069Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1067 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1068 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
1070 -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1071 -3:00 EU -03/-02 1996
1069 0:00 - GMT
1070Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
1072 0:00 - GMT
1073Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
1071 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1072 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1073 -1:00 EU EG%sT
1074 -2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1075 -2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29
1076 -1:00 EU -01/+00
1074Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1077Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1075 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1076 -3:00 EU WG%sT
1078 -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1079 -3:00 EU -03/-02
1077Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
1078 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1079
1080# Estonia
1081#
1082# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1083# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1084#

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1102# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
1103# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1104# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1105#
1106# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
1107# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
1108# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
1109
1080Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
1081 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1082
1083# Estonia
1084#
1085# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1086# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1087#

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1105# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
1106# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1107# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1108#
1109# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
1110# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
1111# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
1112
1110# From The Baltic Times (1999-09-09)
1113# From The Baltic Times <https://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
1111# via Steffen Thorsen:
1112# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
1113# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
1114# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
1115# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
1116# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
1117# after that.
1118

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1154# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
1155# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
1156# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
1157# according to the central European standards.
1158#
1159# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
1160# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
1161# Finnish) at
1114# via Steffen Thorsen:
1115# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
1116# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
1117# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
1118# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
1119# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
1120# after that.
1121

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1157# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
1158# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
1159# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
1160# according to the central European standards.
1161#
1162# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
1163# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
1164# Finnish) at
1162# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
1165# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
1163#
1164# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
1165# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
1166#
1167# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
1168# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
1169#
1170# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
1171# exist tonight."
1172
1173# From Konstantin Hypp��nen (2014-06-13):
1174# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
1166#
1167# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
1168# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
1169#
1170# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
1171# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
1172#
1173# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
1174# exist tonight."
1175
1176# From Konstantin Hypp��nen (2014-06-13):
1177# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
1175# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
1178# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
1176# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
1177# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
1178# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
1179# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
1180# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
1181#
1182# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
1183# Go with Oja over Shanks.

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1297
1298# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1299# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1300# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1301# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1302
1303# From J��rg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1304# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
1179# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
1180# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
1181# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
1182# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
1183# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
1184#
1185# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
1186# Go with Oja over Shanks.

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1300
1301# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1302# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1303# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1304# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1305
1306# From J��rg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1307# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
1305# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
1308# https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
1306# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
1307
1308# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1309# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1310# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1311# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1312# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
1313

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1483# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1484Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1485# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1486Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1487Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1488Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1489# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1490Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
1309# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
1310
1311# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1312# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1313# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1314# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1315# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
1316

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1486# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1487Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1488# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1489Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1490Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1491Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1492# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1493Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
1491 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1494 -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1492 0:00 - GMT
1493
1494# Italy
1495#
1496# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1497# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1498# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1499# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.

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1522# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ...
1523# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
1524# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
1525# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
1526#
1527# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
1528# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
1529# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
1495 0:00 - GMT
1496
1497# Italy
1498#
1499# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1500# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1501# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1502# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.

--- 22 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1525# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ...
1526# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
1527# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
1528# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
1529#
1530# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
1531# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
1532# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
1530# Model Rome's occupation by using using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
1533# Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
1531# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
1532# was effectively controlled by Germany.
1533#
1534# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1535Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S
1536Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 -
1537Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S
1538Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S

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1837#
1838# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
1839# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
1840# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
1841# decision to abolish DST this winter.
1842# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
1843# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
1844# News from Moldova (in russian):
1534# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
1535# was effectively controlled by Germany.
1536#
1537# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1538Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S
1539Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 -
1540Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S
1541Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S

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1840#
1841# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
1842# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
1843# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
1844# decision to abolish DST this winter.
1845# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
1846# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
1847# News from Moldova (in russian):
1845# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
1848# https://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
1846
1847# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
1848# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
1849# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
1850# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
1851# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also,
1849
1850# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
1851# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
1852# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
1853# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
1854# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also,
1852# http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
1855# https://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
1853# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
1854# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
1855
1856# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1857Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1858Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
1859
1860# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

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1916# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1917#
1918# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1919# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1920# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1921# Amsterdam mean time.
1922
1923# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1856# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
1857# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
1858
1859# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1860Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1861Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
1862
1863# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]

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1919# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1920#
1921# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1922# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1923# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1924# Amsterdam mean time.
1925
1926# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1924# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
1927# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
1925
1926# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1927Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1928Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1929Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1930Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1931Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1932Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT

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1947Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1948Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1949#
1950# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1951# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1952# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1953Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1954 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1928
1929# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1930Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1931Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1932Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1933Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1934Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1935Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT

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1950Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1951Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1952#
1953# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1954# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1955# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1956Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1957 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1955 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1958 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
1956 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1957 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1958 1:00 EU CE%sT
1959
1960# Norway
1961# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1962# Pottenger.
1963# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

--- 33 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1997# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
1998
1999# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
2000#
2001# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
2002# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
2003# keeping Berlin time.
2004#
1959 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1960 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1961 1:00 EU CE%sT
1962
1963# Norway
1964# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1965# Pottenger.
1966# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S

--- 33 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2000# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
2001
2002# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
2003#
2004# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
2005# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
2006# keeping Berlin time.
2007#
2005# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
2008# <https://www.jan-mayen.no/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
2006# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
2007# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
2008# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
2009# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
2010# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
2011# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
2012#
2013# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an

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2035Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
2036# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2037Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2038# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2039Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
2040Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2041# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
2042# Toru�� Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
2009# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
2010# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
2011# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
2012# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
2013# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
2014# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
2015#
2016# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an

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2038Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
2039# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2040Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2041# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2042Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
2043Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2044# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
2045# Toru�� Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
2043# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
2046# https://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
2044# Thanks to Przemys��aw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
2045# He also gives these further references:
2046# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
2047# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
2048Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
2049Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
2050Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
2051Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -

--- 17 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2069 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
2070 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
2071 1:00 EU CE%sT
2072
2073# Portugal
2074#
2075# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
2076# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
2047# Thanks to Przemys��aw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
2048# He also gives these further references:
2049# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
2050# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
2051Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
2052Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
2053Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
2054Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -

--- 17 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2072 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
2073 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
2074 1:00 EU CE%sT
2075
2076# Portugal
2077#
2078# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
2079# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
2077# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
2080# https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
2078# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
2079# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees
2080# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
2081# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
2082#
2083# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
2084# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
2085# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.

--- 78 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2164Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
2165 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2166 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2167 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2168 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2169 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2170 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
2171 0:00 EU WE%sT
2081# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
2082# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees
2083# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
2084# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
2085#
2086# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
2087# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
2088# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.

--- 78 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2167Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
2168 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2169 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2170 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2171 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2172 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2173 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
2174 0:00 EU WE%sT
2175# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
2172Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2173 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
2176Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2177 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
2174 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
2175 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2176 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2178 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
2179 -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
2180 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
2181 -2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
2182 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
2183 -2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
2184 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
2185 -2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
2186 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2187 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2188 -1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2177 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
2189 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
2178 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
2190 -1:00 EU -01/+00
2191# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
2179Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2180 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
2192Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2193 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
2181 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
2194 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
2195 -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
2196 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
2197 -1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
2198 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
2199 -1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
2200 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
2201 -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
2202 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2182 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2183 0:00 EU WE%sT
2184
2185# Romania
2186#
2187# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2188# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
2189# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at

--- 43 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2233# changed in September 2011:
2234#
2235# One source is
2236# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
2237# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
2238# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
2239#
2240# Another source is
2203 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2204 0:00 EU WE%sT
2205
2206# Romania
2207#
2208# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2209# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
2210# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at

--- 43 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2254# changed in September 2011:
2255#
2256# One source is
2257# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
2258# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
2259# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
2260#
2261# Another source is
2241# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
2262# https://rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
2242# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
2243# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
2244# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
2245# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
2246# does not contain any "effective date" information.
2247#
2248# Another source is
2263# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
2264# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
2265# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
2266# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
2267# does not contain any "effective date" information.
2268#
2269# Another source is
2249# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
2270# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
2250# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011...
2251# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2252# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
2253#
2254# The Wikipedia article refers to
2255# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
2256# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
2257#

--- 19 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2277# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
2278# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
2279#
2280# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
2281# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
2282# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
2283# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
2284# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
2271# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011...
2272# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2273# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
2274#
2275# The Wikipedia article refers to
2276# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
2277# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
2278#

--- 19 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2298# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
2299# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
2300#
2301# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
2302# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
2303# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
2304# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
2305# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
2285# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
2306# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will look like this:
2286# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
2287
2288# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2289# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
2290# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
2291# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
2292# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
2293#

--- 30 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2324# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
2325# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
2326
2327# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2328# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
2329# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
2330# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
2331# listing. The region codes listed come from
2307# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
2308
2309# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2310# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
2311# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
2312# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
2313# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
2314#

--- 30 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2345# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
2346# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
2347
2348# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2349# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
2350# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
2351# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
2352# listing. The region codes listed come from
2332# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
2353# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
2333# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
2334# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2335# divisions where available.
2336
2337# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2338
2339
2340# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

--- 148 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2489# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992
2490# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some
2491# lists found in the internet are quite wild.)
2492#
2493# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
2494# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
2495# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the
2496# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
2354# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
2355# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2356# divisions where available.
2357
2358# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2359
2360
2361# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

--- 148 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2510# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992
2511# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some
2512# lists found in the internet are quite wild.)
2513#
2514# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
2515# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
2516# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the
2517# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
2497# http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
2518# https://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
2498# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
2499# 2 days before the switch.
2500#
2501#
2502# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2503# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the
2504# chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries
2505# should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the

--- 25 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2531 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2532 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2533 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2534 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2535 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2536 3:00 - MSK
2537
2538
2519# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
2520# 2 days before the switch.
2521#
2522#
2523# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2524# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the
2525# chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries
2526# should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the

--- 25 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2552 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2553 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2554 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2555 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2556 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2557 3:00 - MSK
2558
2559
2539# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2540# Europe/Simferopol covers...
2541# ** **** Crimea, Republic of
2542# ** **** Sevastopol
2560# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
2561# Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea.
2543
2544Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2545 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2546 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2547 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2548 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2549 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2550 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00

--- 12 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2563 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
2564 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2565# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2566# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2567 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2568 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2569# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2570# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
2562
2563Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2564 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2565 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2566 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2567 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2568 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2569 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00

--- 12 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2582 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
2583 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2584# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2585# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2586 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2587 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2588# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2589# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
2571# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
2590# https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
2572# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2573# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
2574# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
2575# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
2576 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2577 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2578 3:00 - MSK
2579

--- 16 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2596 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2597 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2598 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2599 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2600 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2601 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2602 4:00 - +04
2603
2591# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2592# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
2593# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
2594# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
2595 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2596 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2597 3:00 - MSK
2598

--- 16 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2615 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2616 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2617 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2618 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2619 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2620 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2621 4:00 - +04
2622
2604# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2623# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2605# Europe/Volgograd covers:
2606# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2624# Europe/Volgograd covers:
2625# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2607# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2608# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
2609
2610Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2611 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2612 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11
2613 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2614 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2615 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2616 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2617 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2618 3:00 - +03
2619
2626# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
2627
2628Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2629 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2630 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11
2631 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2632 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2633 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2634 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2635 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2636 3:00 - +03
2637
2638# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2639# Europe/Saratov covers:
2640# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2641
2642# From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11):
2643# Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4.
2644# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11):
2645# ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18.
2646# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22):
2647# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031
2648
2649Zone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2650 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2651 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2652 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2653 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2654 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2655 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2656 3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s
2657 4:00 - +04
2658
2620# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2621# Europe/Kirov covers:
2622# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2623# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2624#
2625Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2626 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2627 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s

--- 98 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2726# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2727
2728# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2729# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
2730# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
2731# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
2732# 1995-05-28.
2733#
2659# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2660# Europe/Kirov covers:
2661# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2662# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2663#
2664Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2665 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2666 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s

--- 98 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2765# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2766
2767# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2768# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
2769# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
2770# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
2771# 1995-05-28.
2772#
2734# http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
2773# https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
2735# has some historical data for Altai Krai:
2736# before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
2737# after 1957: UTC+7
2738# since 1995: UTC+6
2739# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
2740# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
2741
2742# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):

--- 357 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

3100# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
3101# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
3102# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
3103#
3104# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
3105# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
3106# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
3107# each! (Yikes!)
2774# has some historical data for Altai Krai:
2775# before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
2776# after 1957: UTC+7
2777# since 1995: UTC+6
2778# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
2779# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
2780
2781# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):

--- 357 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

3139# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
3140# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
3141# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
3142#
3143# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
3144# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
3145# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
3146# each! (Yikes!)
3108# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
3109# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
3147# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
3148# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
3110# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
3111#
3112# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
3113# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
3114# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
3115# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
3116# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
3117# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older

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3207
3208# Slovakia
3209Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
3210
3211# Slovenia
3212# See Europe/Belgrade.
3213
3214# Spain
3149# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
3150#
3151# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
3152# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
3153# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
3154# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
3155# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
3156# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older

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3246
3247# Slovakia
3248Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
3249
3250# Slovenia
3251# See Europe/Belgrade.
3252
3253# Spain
3254#
3255# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14):
3256#
3257# The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is:
3258# Planesas P. La hora oficial en Espa��a y sus cambios.
3259# Anuario del Observatorio Astron��mico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish).
3260# http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf
3261# As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure,
3262# and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data.
3263#
3264# In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for
3265# the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that
3266# the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart,
3267# with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to
3268# the next day's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this
3269# directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a
3270# fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00.
3271
3272# From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15):
3273# The Royal Decree of 1900-06-26 quoted by Planesas, online at
3274# https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf
3275# says in its article 5 (my translation):
3276# These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the
3277# instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1,
3278# the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin.
3279
3215# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3280# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3216# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
3217# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3218Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
3219Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
3220Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
3221Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
3222# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3223Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
3224# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3225Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
3226Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
3227# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3228Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
3229Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
3230Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
3231Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
3232# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
3233# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3234Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
3235Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
3236Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
3237Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
3238Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
3239# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3240Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
3241Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
3242Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
3243Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
3244Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
3245Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
3246Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
3281Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3282Rule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 -
3283Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S
3284Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S
3285Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 -
3286Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
3287Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3288Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
3289Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
3290Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
3291# Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28.
3292Rule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S
3293Rule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 -
3294Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3295Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M
3296Rule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S
3297# The following rules are for unified Spain again.
3298#
3299# Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on
3300# 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on
3301# 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not
3302# change during that period.
3303#
3304# The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain.
3305#Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3306Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 -
3307Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S
3308Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 -
3309Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
3310Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3311Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3247Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
3312Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
3248Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
3249Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
3313Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 -
3314Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S
3250Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3251Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
3252Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3315Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3316Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
3317Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3253Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3254Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
3318Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3319Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
3320Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
3321# Nationalist Spain during the civil war
3322#Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S
3323#Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3324#Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S
3255# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
3256Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
3257Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3258Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
3259Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
3260Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3261Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3262Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3263Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3264Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
3265# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3325# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
3326Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
3327Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3328Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
3329Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
3330Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3331Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3332Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3333Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3334Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
3335# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3266Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s
3267 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
3336Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
3337 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00
3268 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
3269 1:00 EU CE%sT
3338 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
3339 1:00 EU CE%sT
3270Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
3340Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:38:44
3271 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
3272 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
3273 0:00 - WET 1924
3274 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
3275 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
3276 1:00 - CET 1986
3277 1:00 EU CE%sT
3278Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
3341 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
3342 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
3343 0:00 - WET 1924
3344 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
3345 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
3346 1:00 - CET 1986
3347 1:00 EU CE%sT
3348Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
3279 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T
3349 -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00
3280 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
3281 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
3282 0:00 EU WE%sT
3283# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
3284# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
3285
3286# Sweden
3287

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3391# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
3392# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
3393# the Canton de Gen��ve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
3394# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
3395# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
3396#
3397# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
3398# The Federal regulations say
3350 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
3351 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
3352 0:00 EU WE%sT
3353# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
3354# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
3355
3356# Sweden
3357

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3461# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
3462# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
3463# the Canton de Gen��ve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
3464# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
3465# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
3466#
3467# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
3468# The Federal regulations say
3399# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
3469# https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
3400# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
3401# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
3402
3403# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
3404# the "Circulaire du conseil f��d��ral" (December 11 1893)
3405# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
3406# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
3407# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one

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3468# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3469# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3470# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3471
3472# From G��kdeniz Karada�� (2011-03-10):
3473# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3474# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3475# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3470# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
3471# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
3472
3473# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
3474# the "Circulaire du conseil f��d��ral" (December 11 1893)
3475# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
3476# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
3477# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one

--- 60 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

3538# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3539# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3540# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3541
3542# From G��kdeniz Karada�� (2011-03-10):
3543# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3544# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3545# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3476# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3546# https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3477# Turkish:
3547# Turkish:
3478# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
3548# https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464
3479
3480# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3481# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
3482# Turkish Local election....
3483# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
3484# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
3485# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
3486# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,

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3606#
3607# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
3608# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
3609#
3610# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
3611# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
3612#
3613# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
3549
3550# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3551# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
3552# Turkish Local election....
3553# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
3554# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
3555# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
3556# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,

--- 119 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

3676#
3677# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
3678# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
3679#
3680# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
3681# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
3682#
3683# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
3614# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
3684# https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
3615#
3616# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
3617# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
3618# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
3619# time this year after all.
3620#
3621# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
3622# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone

--- 61 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

3684 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3685 2:00 EU EE%sT
3686# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
3687# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3688# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
3689# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
3690# portable Posix file names.
3691Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
3685#
3686# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
3687# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
3688# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
3689# time this year after all.
3690#
3691# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
3692# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone

--- 61 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

3754 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3755 2:00 EU EE%sT
3756# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
3757# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3758# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
3759# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
3760# portable Posix file names.
3761Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
3692 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
3762 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2
3693 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3694 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
3695 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
3696 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3697 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3698 2:00 EU EE%sT
3699
3700# Vatican City

--- 75 unchanged lines hidden --- 		3763 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3764 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
3765 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
3766 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3767 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3768 2:00 EU EE%sT
3769
3770# Vatican City

--- 75 unchanged lines hidden ---