1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 29# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 30# 31# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 32# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 33# Corrections are welcome! 34# std dst 35# LMT Local Mean Time 36# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 37# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 38# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 39# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 40# 4:00 GST Gulf* 41# 5:30 IST India 42# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 43# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 44# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 45# 8:00 CST China 46# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 47# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 48# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 49# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 50# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 51# 52# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 53 54# From Guy Harris: 55# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 56# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 57# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 58# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 59 60############################################################################### 61 62# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 65Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 66Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 67Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 68Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 69Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 70Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 71Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 72Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 73Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 74Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 75Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 76Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 77Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 78Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 79 80# Afghanistan 81# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 82Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 83 4:00 - AFT 1945 84 4:30 - AFT 85 86# Armenia 87# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 88# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 89# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 90# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 91# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 92# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 93# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 94# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 95# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 96 97# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 98# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 99# follow Russia's "old" rules. 100 101# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 102# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 103# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 104# 105# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 106# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 107# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 108# or 109# (brief) 110# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 111# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 112Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 113 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 114 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 115 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 116 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 117 4:00 - AMT 1997 118 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s 119 4:00 - AMT 120 121# Azerbaijan 122# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 123# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 124# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 125# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 126Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 127Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 130 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 131 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 132 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 133 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 134 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 135 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 136 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 137 138# Bahrain 139# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 140Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 141 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 142 3:00 - AST 143 144# Bangladesh 145# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 146# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 147# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 148# 149# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 150# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288"> 151# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 152# </a> 153# or 154# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html"> 155# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 156# </a> 157# 158# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 159# June 160# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 161# crippling power crisis. " 162# 163# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 164# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 165 166# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 167# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 168# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 169# 170# Some sources: 171# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601"> 172# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 173# </a> 174# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2"> 175# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 176# </a> 177# 178# Our wrap-up: 179# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html"> 180# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 181# </a> 182 183# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 184# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 185# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 186# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 187# 188# No DST end date has been announced yet. 189 190# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 191# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 192# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 193# 194# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 195# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 196# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021"> 197# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 198# </a> 199# or 200# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html"> 201# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 202# </a> 203 204# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 205# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 206# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 207# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 208# "continue for an indefinite period." 209# 210# One of many places where it is published: 211# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html"> 212# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 213# </a> 214 215# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 216# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 217# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 218# 219# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 220# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228"> 221# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 222# </a> 223# and 224# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html"> 225# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 226# </a> 227# 228# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 229# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 230# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 231# Minister's Office last night..." 232 233# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 234# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 235# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 236# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817"> 237# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 238# </a> 239# or 240# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html"> 241# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 242# </a> 243 244# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 245Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 246Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 - 247 248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 250 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 251 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 252 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 253 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 254 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 255 6:00 - BDT 2009 256 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 257 258# Bhutan 259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 261 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 262 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 263 264# British Indian Ocean Territory 265# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 266# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 267# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 268# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 269# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 271Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 272 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 273 6:00 - IOT 274 275# Brunei 276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 278 7:30 - BNT 1933 279 8:00 - BNT 280 281# Burma / Myanmar 282# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 283Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 284 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 285 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 286 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 287 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 288 289# Cambodia 290# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 291Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 292 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 293 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 294 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 295 7:00 - ICT 296 297# China 298 299# From Guy Harris: 300# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 301 302# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 303# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 304# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 305# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 306# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 307# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 308# 309# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 310# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 311# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 312# 313# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 314# 1987 mid-April - ?? 315 316# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 317# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 318# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 319 320# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 321# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 322# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 323# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 324# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 325# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 326# pre-1980 time zones. 327 328# From Shanks & Pottenger: 329# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 330Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 331Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 332Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 333Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 334Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 335Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 336 337# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 338# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 339# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 340# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 341# 342# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 343# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 344# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 345# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 346# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 347# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 348# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 349# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 350# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 351# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 352 353# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 354# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk 355# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986 356# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim 357# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 358# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this 359# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began 360# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 361# 362# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11): 363# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 364# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 365# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 366# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 367# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 368# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s). 369# 370# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 371# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949 372# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a 373# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with 374# Shanks & Pottenger. 375 376# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 377# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 378# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 379Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 380 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 381 8:00 - CST 1940 382 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 383 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 384 8:00 PRC C%sT 385# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 386# most of China 387Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 388 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 389 8:00 PRC C%sT 390# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 391# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 392# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 393# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 394# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 395Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 396 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 397 8:00 PRC C%sT 398# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 399# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 400# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 401# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 402# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 403# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 404# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 405# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 406# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 407Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 408 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 409 8:00 PRC C%sT 410# Kunlun Time 411# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 412# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 413# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 414# and Yarkand. 415 416# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 417# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 418# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 419# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 420# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 421# they implicitly use Beijing time. 422# 423# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 424# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 425# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 426# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 427# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in 428# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 429# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 430# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 431# 432# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 433# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 434# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 435# 436# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 437# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 438# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 439# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 440# others moving their clocks ahead.) 441# 442# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time. 443# 444# The first few lines of the Google translation of 445# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39"> 446# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39 447# </a> 448# (retrieved 2009-10-13) 449# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least 450# > 500 million yuan 451# > 452# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20), 453# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River 454# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men 455# > have worked continuously for 22 hours... 456 457# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 458# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 459# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 460# 461# 1. Wulumuqi... 462# 2. Kashi... 463# 3. Urumqi... 464# 4. Kashgar... 465# ... 466# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 467# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 468# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 469# 470# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 471# start date for Xinjiang time. 472# 473# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 474# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 475# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 476# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 477 478Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 479 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 480 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 481 8:00 PRC C%sT 482 483 484# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 485# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 486# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 487# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 488# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 489# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 490# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 491# obtained from 492# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 493# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 494# </a>. 495 496# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 497# Here are the dates given at 498# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 499# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 500# </a> 501# as of 2009-10-28: 502# Year Period 503# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 504# 1942 Whole year 505# 1943 Whole year 506# 1944 Whole year 507# 1945 Whole year 508# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 509# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 510# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 511# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 512# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 513# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 514# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 515# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 516# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 517# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 518# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 519# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 520# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 521# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 522# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 523# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 524# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 525# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 526# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 527# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 528# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 529# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 530# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 531# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 532# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 533# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 534# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 535# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 536# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 537# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 538# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 539# 1977 Nil 540# 1978 Nil 541# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 542# 1980 to Now Nil 543# The page does not give start or end times of day. 544# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 545# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 546# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 547# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 548# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 549 550# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 551# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 552Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 553Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 554Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 555Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 556Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 557Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 558Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 559Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 560Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 561Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 562Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 563Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 564Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 565Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 566Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 567Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 568Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 569Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 570Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 571# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 572Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 573 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 574 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 575 8:00 HK HK%sT 576 577############################################################################### 578 579# Taiwan 580 581# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 582# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 583# have any other information. 584 585# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 586# According to Taiwan's CWB, 587# <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm"> 588# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 589# </a> 590# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 591 592# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07): 593# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page: 594# Decade Name Start and end date 595# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30 596# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31 597# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31 598# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30 599# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30 600# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30 601# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time 602# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30 603# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time 604# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30 605# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time 606 607# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 608Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 609Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 610Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 611Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 612Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 613Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 614Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 615Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 616Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 617Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 618Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 619 620# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 621Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 622 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 623 624# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 625# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 626Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 627Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 628Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 629Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 630Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 631Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 632Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 633Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 634Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 635Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 636Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 637Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 638Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 639Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 640# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 641Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 642 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 643 8:00 PRC C%sT 644 645 646############################################################################### 647 648# Cyprus 649# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 650Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 651Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 652Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 653Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 654Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 655Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 656Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 657Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 658Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 659# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 660Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 661 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 662 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 663# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 664 665# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 666# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 667Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 668 669# Georgia 670# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 671# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 672# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 673# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 674# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 675# 676# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 677# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 678# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 679# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 680# 681# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 682# 683# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 684# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 685# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 686# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 687# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 688# of integration into Europe. 689 690# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 691# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 692# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 693# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 694# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 695# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 696# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 697# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 698# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 699 700 701# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 702Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 703 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 704 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 705 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 706 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 707 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 708 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 709 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 710 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 711 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 712 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 713 4:00 - GET 714 715# East Timor 716 717# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 718 719# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 720# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 721# East Timor may be late for its millennium 722# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 723# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 724# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 725# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 726# conflicts with their way of life. 727 728# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 729# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 730# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 731 732# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 733# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 734# (2000-08-16)</a>: 735# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 736# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 737# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 738# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 739 740# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 741Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 742 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 743 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 744 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 745 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 746 9:00 - TLT 747 748# India 749# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 750Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 751 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 752 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 753 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 754 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 755 5:30 - IST 756# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 757# Andaman Is 758# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 759# Nicobar Is 760 761# Indonesia 762# 763# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 764# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 765# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 766# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 767# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 768# 769# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 770# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 771# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 772# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 773# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 774# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 775# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 776# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions 777# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 778# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 779# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 780# switched on 1945-09-23. 781# 782# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 783Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 784# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 785# but this must be a typo. 786 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 787 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 788 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 789 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 790 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 791 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 792 7:30 - WIT 1964 793 7:00 - WIT 794Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 795 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 796 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 797 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 798 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 799 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 800 7:30 - WIT 1964 801 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 802 7:00 - WIT 803Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 804 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 805 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 806 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 807 8:00 - CIT 808Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 809 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1 810 9:30 - CST 1964 811 9:00 - EIT 812 813# Iran 814 815# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 816# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 817# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 818# 819# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 820# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 821# 822# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 823# 824# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 825# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 826# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 827# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 828# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 829# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 830# 831# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 832# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 833# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 834# Shahrivar. 835# 836# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 837# 838# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 839# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 840# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 841# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 842# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 843# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 844# 845# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 846# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 847# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 848# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 849# plan to change that law.... 850# 851# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 852# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 853# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 854# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 855# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 856# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 857# 858# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 859# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 860# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 861# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 862# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 863# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 864# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 865# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 866# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 867# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 868# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 869# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 870# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 871# 872# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 873# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 874# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 875# 876# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: 877# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 878# daylight saving time ... 879# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 880# 881# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 882# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 883# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 884# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 885# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 886# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 887# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 888# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 889# 890# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 891Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 892Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 893Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 894Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 895Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 896Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 897Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 898Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 899Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 900Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 901Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 902Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 903Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 904Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 905Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 906Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 907Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 908Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 909Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 910Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 911Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 912Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 913Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 914Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 915Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 916Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 917Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 918Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 919Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 920Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 921Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 922Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 923Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 924Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 925Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 926Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 927Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 928Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 929Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 930Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 931Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 932Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 933Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 934Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 935Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 936Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 937Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 938Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 939Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 940# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 941Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 942 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 943 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 944 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 945 3:30 Iran IR%sT 946 947 948# Iraq 949# 950# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 951# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 952# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 953# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 954# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 955# 956# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 957# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 958# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 959# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 960# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 961# 962# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 963 964# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 965# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 966# news sources (in Arabic): 967# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html"> 968# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 969# </a> 970# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10"> 971# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 972# </a> 973# 974# We have published a short article in English about the change: 975# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html"> 976# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 977# </a> 978 979# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 980Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 981Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 982Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 983Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 984Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 985Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 986# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 987# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 988# 989Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 990Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 991# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 992Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 993 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 994 3:00 - AST 1982 May 995 3:00 Iraq A%sT 996 997 998############################################################################### 999 1000# Israel 1001 1002# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1003# 1004# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1005# different abbreviations in use: 1006# 1007# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1008# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1009# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1010# 1011# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1012# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1013# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1014# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1015# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1016# settings in Israeli computers. 1017# 1018# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1019# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1020# family is from India). 1021 1022# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1023# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1024Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1025Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1026Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1027Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1028Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1029Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1030Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1031Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1032Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1033Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1034Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1035Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1036Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1037Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1038Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1039Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1040Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1041Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1042Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1043Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1044Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1045Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1046Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1047Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1048Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1049Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1050Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1051Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1052Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1053Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1054Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1055Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1056Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1057Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1058Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1059Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1060Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1061Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1062Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 1063Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1064 1065# From Ephraim Silverberg 1066# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1067# and 2005-02-17): 1068 1069# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1070# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1071# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1072# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1073# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1074# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1075# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1076# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1077# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1078# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1079# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1080# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1081# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1082# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1083# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1084# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1085# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1086# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1087# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1088# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1089# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1090# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1091 1092# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1093Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1094Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1095Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1096Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1097Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1098Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1099Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1100Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1101Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1102Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1103 1104# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1105# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1106# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1107 1108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1109Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1110Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1111Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1112Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1113 1114# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1115# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1116# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1117# 1118# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1119# 1120# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1121# 1122# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1123# 1124# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1125# 1126# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1127 1128# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1129Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1130Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1131Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1132Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1133Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1134Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1135Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1136Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1137 1138# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1139# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1140# years 2001-2004 as well. 1141# 1142# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1143# 1144# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1145# 1146# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1147# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1148# 1149# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1150 1151# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1152Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1153Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1154Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1155Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1156Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1157Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1158Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1159Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1160Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1161Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1162 1163# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1164# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1165# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1166# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1167# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1168# 1169# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1170# 1171# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1172 1173# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 1174# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1175# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1176# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1177# to generate the transitions in this list. 1178# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1179# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 1180# 1181# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1182# 1183# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1184# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1185# springtime transitions explicitly. 1186 1187# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1188Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1189Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1190Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1191Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1192Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1193Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1194Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1195Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1196Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1197Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1198Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1199Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1200Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 1201Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1202Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1203Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1204Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1205Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1206Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1207Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1208Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1209Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1210Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1211Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1212Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1213Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1214Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1215Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1216Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1217Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1218Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 1219Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1220Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1221Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1222Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 1223Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1224Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1225Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1226Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1227Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 1228Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 1229Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1230Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 1231 1232# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1233Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 1234 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1235 2:00 Zion I%sT 1236 1237 1238 1239############################################################################### 1240 1241# Japan 1242 1243# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 1244 1245# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1246# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1247# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 1248# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 1249 1250# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1251# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1252# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1253# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1254# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1255# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1256# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1257# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1258# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1259# wanted to keep it.) 1260 1261# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1262# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1263# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1264Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1265Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1266Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1267Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1268# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1269# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1270# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1271# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1272 1273# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1274# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1275# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 1276# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1277# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1278# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1279# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1280 1281# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1282# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1283# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 1284# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1285# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1286# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 1287# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1288# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1289# standard.... 1290# 1291# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1292# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1293 1294# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 1295# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 1296# ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 1297 1298# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1299Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1300 9:00 - JST 1896 1301 9:00 - CJT 1938 1302 9:00 Japan J%sT 1303# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1304 1305# Jordan 1306# 1307# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 1308# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1309# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1310# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1311# all year round. 1312# 1313# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 1314# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1315# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1316# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1317# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1318# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1319# 1320# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1321# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1322# 1323# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1324# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1325# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1326# 1327# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1328# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1329# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1330# 1331 1332# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02): 1333# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for 1334# Jordan. 1335# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight 1336# saving 1337# time on the last Thursday in March. 1338# 1339# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1340# 1341# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan 1342# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002. 1343# Please see 1344# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11"> 1345# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11 1346# </a> 1347 1348# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1349# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1350# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279"> 1351# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1352# </a> 1353# 1354# Google's translation: 1355# 1356# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1357# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1358# > of the month of March of each year. 1359# 1360# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1361 1362# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1363# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1364 1365# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1366Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1367Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1368Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1369Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1370Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1371Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1372Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1373Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1374Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1375Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1376Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1377Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1378Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1379Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1380Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1381Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1382Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1383Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1384Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1385Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1386Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1387Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1388Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1389Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1390Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1391Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1392Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1393Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1394# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1395Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1396 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1397 1398 1399# Kazakhstan 1400 1401# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1402# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1403# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1404# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1405# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1406# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1407 1408# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1409# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1410# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1411# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1412# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1413# 1414# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1415# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1416# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1417 1418# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 1419# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 1420# </a> 1421# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1422# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1423# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1424# 1425# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1426# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1427# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1428# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1429# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1430# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1431# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1432# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1433# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1434 1435# 1436# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1437# 1438# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1439Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1440 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1441 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1442 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1443 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1444 6:00 - ALMT 1445# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1446Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1447 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1448 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1449 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1450 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1451 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1452 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1453 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1454 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1455 6:00 - QYZT 1456# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1457Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1458 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1459 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1460 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1461 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1462 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1463 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1464 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1465 5:00 - AQTT 1466# Mangghystau 1467# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1468# so include time stamps before 1963. 1469Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1470 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1471 5:00 - FORT 1963 1472 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1473 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1474 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1475 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1476 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1477 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1478 5:00 - AQTT 1479# West Kazakhstan 1480Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1481 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1482 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1483 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1484 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1485 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1486 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1487 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1488 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1489 5:00 - ORAT 1490 1491# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1492# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1493 1494# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1495# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1496# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1497# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1498# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1499# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1500# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1501# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1502 1503# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1504Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1505Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1506Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1507Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1508# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1509Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1510 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1511 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1512 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1513 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1514 6:00 - KGT 1515 1516############################################################################### 1517 1518# Korea (North and South) 1519 1520# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1521# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1522# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1523# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1524# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1525# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1526 1527# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1528# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1529Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1530Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1531Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1532Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1533 1534# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1535Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1536 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1537 9:00 - KST 1928 1538 8:30 - KST 1932 1539 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1540 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1541 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1542 9:00 ROK K%sT 1543Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1544 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1545 9:00 - KST 1928 1546 8:30 - KST 1932 1547 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1548 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1549 9:00 - KST 1550 1551############################################################################### 1552 1553# Kuwait 1554# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1555# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): 1556# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded 1557# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in 1558# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. 1559# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. 1560# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1561# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, 1562# so for now we assume no DST. 1563Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1564 3:00 - AST 1565 1566# Laos 1567# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1568Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1569 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1570 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1571 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1572 7:00 - ICT 1573 1574# Lebanon 1575# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1576Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1577Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1578Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1579Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1580Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1581Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1582Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1583Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1584Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1585Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1586Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1587Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1588Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1589Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1590Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1591Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1592Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1593Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1594Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1595Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1596Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1597Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1598Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1599Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1600# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1601Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1602 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1603 1604# Malaysia 1605# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1606Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1607Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1608# 1609# peninsular Malaysia 1610# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1611# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1612# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1613Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1614 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1615 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1616 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1617 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1618 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1619 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1620 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1621 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1622# Sabah & Sarawak 1623# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1624# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1625# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1626# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1627Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1628 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1629 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1630 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1631 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1632 8:00 - MYT 1633 1634# Maldives 1635# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1636Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1637 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1638 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1639 1640# Mongolia 1641 1642# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1643# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 1644# both say that it has just one. 1645 1646# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1647# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1648# General Information Mongolia 1649# </a> (1999-09) 1650# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1651# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1652# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1653# eight hours." 1654 1655# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1656# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1657# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1658# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1659# of implementation may have been different.... 1660# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1661# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1662# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1663 1664# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1665# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1666# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1667# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1668# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1669# is good enough for our purposes. 1670 1671# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1672# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1673# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1674# there are three time zones. 1675# 1676# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1677# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1678# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1679# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1680# 1681# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1682 1683# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1684# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1685# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1686# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1687# 1688# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1689# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1690# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1691 1692# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1693# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1694# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1695# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1696# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1697# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1698# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1699# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1700# He also found 1701# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1702# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1703# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1704# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1705# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1706# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1707# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1708# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1709 1710# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1711# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1712# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1713# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1714 1715# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1716# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1717# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1718# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1719# database on this, e.g.: 1720# 1721# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026"> 1722# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1723# </a> 1724# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx"> 1725# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1726# </a> 1727# 1728# both say GMT+08:00. 1729 1730# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1731# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1732# schedule here: 1733# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"> 1734# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1735# </a> 1736# (click the English flag for English) 1737# 1738# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive 1739# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1740# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1741# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are 1742# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1743# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1744 1745# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1746# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1747# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1748# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1749# this is almost surely wrong. 1750 1751# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1752Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1753Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1754# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1755# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1756# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1757# 1758# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1759# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1760# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1761# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1762# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1763# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1764 1765Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1766Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1767# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1768Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1769Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1770Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1771 1772# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1773# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1774Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1775 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1776 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1777# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1778Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1779 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1780 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1781# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1782# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1783Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1784 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1785 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1786 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1787 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1788 1789# Nepal 1790# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1791Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1792 5:30 - IST 1986 1793 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1794 1795# Oman 1796# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1797Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1798 4:00 - GST 1799 1800# Pakistan 1801 1802# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1803# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1804# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1805# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1806# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1807# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1808 1809# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1810# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1811# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1812# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1813# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1814# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1815# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1816# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1817# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1818# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1819# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1820 1821# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1822# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1823# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1824 1825# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1826# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1827# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1828# 1829# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1830# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1831# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1832# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1833# 1834# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1835# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1836 1837# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1838# 1839# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1840# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1841# 1842# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1843# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1844# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1845# ...." 1846# 1847# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html"> 1848# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1849# </a> 1850# OR 1851# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4"> 1852# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1853# </a> 1854 1855# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1856# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1857 1858# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1859# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1860# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1861# instead of August 31. 1862# 1863# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html"> 1864# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1865# </a> 1866# OR 1867# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html"> 1868# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1869# </a> 1870 1871# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1872# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1873# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1874# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1875# official working." 1876# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280"> 1877# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 1878# </a> 1879# 1880# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 1881# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 1882# 1883# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 1884# April 08, 2009 1885# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 1886# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1"> 1887# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 1888# </a> 1889# 1890# or 1891# 1892# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html"> 1893# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 1894# </a> 1895# 1896# .... 1897# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 1898# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 1899# conserve energy" 1900 1901# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 1902# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 1903# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 1904# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 1905# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 1906# this regard." 1907# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168"> 1908# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 1909# </a> 1910 1911# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 1912# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1913# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1914# 1, 2009. 1915# 1916# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 1917# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2"> 1918# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 1919# </a> 1920# or 1921# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm"> 1922# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 1923# </a> 1924 1925# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 1926# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 1927# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1928# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1929# > 1, 2009. 1930# 1931# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 1932# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742"> 1933# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 1934# </a> 1935# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 1936# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 1937# Monday." 1938# 1939# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 1940# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 1941# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 1942# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 1943# 1944# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 1945# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 1946# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html"> 1947# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 1948# </a> 1949 1950# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01): 1951# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 1952# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 1953 1954# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 1955# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 1956# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 1957# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 1958# > 1959# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 1960# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 1961# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 1962# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 1963# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 1964# 1965# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 1966# <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041"> 1967# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 1968# </a> 1969# 1970# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 1971# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2"> 1972# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 1973# </a> 1974 1975# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1976Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1977Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1978Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1979Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1980Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1981Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1982 1983# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1984Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1985 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1986 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1987 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1988 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1989 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1990 1991# Palestine 1992 1993# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1994# 1995# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1996# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1997# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1998# 1999# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2000# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2001# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2002# though. 2003# 2004# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2005# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2006# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2007# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2008# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2009# East Jerusalem. 2010# 2011# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2012# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2013# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2014# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2015# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2016# 2017# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2018# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2019# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2020# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2021# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2022# Jordanian one). 2023# 2024# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2025# 2026# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2027# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2028# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2029# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2030# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2031# 2032# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2033# have one). 2034 2035# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2036# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2037# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2038# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2039# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2040# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2041# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2042# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2043# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2044# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 2045# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 2046 2047# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2048# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2049# 2050# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2051# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2052# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2053# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2054 2055# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2056# Daoud Kuttab writes in 2057# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 2058# Holiday havoc 2059# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2060# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2061# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2062# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2063# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2064 2065# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2066# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2067 2068# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2069# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2070# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2071# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2072# earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 2073 2074# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2075# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2076# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2077# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2078# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2079# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2080# the West Bank. 2081 2082# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2083# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2084# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2085# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2086# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2087# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2088# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2089# because of the Ramadan. 2090 2091# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2092# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2093# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2094 2095# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2096# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2097# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2098# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2099# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2100# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2101 2102# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2103# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2104# 2105# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2106# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2107# 2108# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001"> 2109# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2110# </a> 2111# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087"> 2112# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2113# </a> 2114# or 2115# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html"> 2116# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2117# </a> 2118 2119# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2120# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2121# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2122# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2123# 2124# (in Arabic) 2125# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850"> 2126# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2127# </a> 2128# 2129# or 2130# (English translation) 2131# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html"> 2132# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2133# </a> 2134 2135# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2136# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2137# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2138# 2139# One news source: 2140# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158"> 2141# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2142# </a> 2143# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2144# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2145# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2146# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2147# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2148# 2149# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2150# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2151# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html"> 2152# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2153# </a> 2154 2155# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2156# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2157# 2158# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2159# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2160# 2161# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2162# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2163# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2164# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2165# </a> 2166# or 2167# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html> 2168# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2169# </a> 2170 2171# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2172# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2173# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2174# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2175# 2176# <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697"> 2177# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2178# </a> 2179# (in Arabic) 2180# or 2181# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html"> 2182# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2183# </a> 2184 2185# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2186# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2187# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2188# noon though: 2189# 2190# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178"> 2191# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2192# </a> 2193# (Ma'an News Agency) 2194# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2195# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2196 2197# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2198# According to several sources, including 2199# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795"> 2200# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2201# </a> 2202# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2203# Gaza and the West Bank. 2204# Some more background info: 2205# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html"> 2206# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2207# </a> 2208 2209# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2210# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2211# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2212# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2213# Ramadan. 2214# 2215# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217"> 2216# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2217# </a> 2218# Additional info: 2219# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html"> 2220# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2221# </a> 2222 2223# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2224# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2225# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2226# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2227# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2228# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2229# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2230# ... 2231# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650"> 2232# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2233# </a> 2234# or 2235# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html"> 2236# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2237# </a> 2238# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 2239 2240# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2241# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2242# 00:00). 2243# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2244# 2245# Many sources, including: 2246# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808"> 2247# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2248# </a> 2249 2250# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2251# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2252# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2253# Some of many sources in Arabic: 2254# <a href="http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638"> 2255# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2256# </a> 2257# 2258# <a href="http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html"> 2259# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2260# </a> 2261# 2262# Our brief summary: 2263# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html"> 2264# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2265# </a> 2266 2267# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2268# The timeanddate article for 2012 says that "the end date has not yet been 2269# announced" and that "Last year, both...paused daylight saving time during... 2270# Ramadan. It is not yet known [for] 2012." 2271# For now, assume both switch back on the last Friday in September. XXX 2272 2273# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2274Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2275Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2276Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2277Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2278Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2279Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2280 2281Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2282Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2283Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2284Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2285Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2286Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2287Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2288Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 0:00 0 - 2289Rule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2290Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 - 2291Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S 2292Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2293 2294# From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20): 2295# 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20.
| 1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 29# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 30# 31# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 32# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 33# Corrections are welcome! 34# std dst 35# LMT Local Mean Time 36# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 37# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 38# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 39# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 40# 4:00 GST Gulf* 41# 5:30 IST India 42# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 43# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 44# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 45# 8:00 CST China 46# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 47# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 48# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 49# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 50# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 51# 52# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 53 54# From Guy Harris: 55# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 56# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 57# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 58# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 59 60############################################################################### 61 62# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 65Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 66Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 67Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 68Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 69Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 70Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 71Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 72Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 73Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 74Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 75Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 76Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 77Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 78Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 79 80# Afghanistan 81# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 82Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 83 4:00 - AFT 1945 84 4:30 - AFT 85 86# Armenia 87# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 88# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 89# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 90# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 91# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 92# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 93# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 94# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 95# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 96 97# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 98# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 99# follow Russia's "old" rules. 100 101# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 102# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 103# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 104# 105# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 106# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 107# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 108# or 109# (brief) 110# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 111# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 112Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 113 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 114 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 115 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 116 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 117 4:00 - AMT 1997 118 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s 119 4:00 - AMT 120 121# Azerbaijan 122# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 123# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 124# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 125# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 126Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 127Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 130 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 131 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 132 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 133 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 134 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 135 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 136 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 137 138# Bahrain 139# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 140Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 141 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 142 3:00 - AST 143 144# Bangladesh 145# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 146# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 147# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 148# 149# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 150# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288"> 151# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 152# </a> 153# or 154# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html"> 155# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 156# </a> 157# 158# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 159# June 160# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 161# crippling power crisis. " 162# 163# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 164# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 165 166# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 167# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 168# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 169# 170# Some sources: 171# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601"> 172# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 173# </a> 174# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2"> 175# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 176# </a> 177# 178# Our wrap-up: 179# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html"> 180# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 181# </a> 182 183# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 184# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 185# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 186# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 187# 188# No DST end date has been announced yet. 189 190# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 191# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 192# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 193# 194# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 195# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 196# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021"> 197# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 198# </a> 199# or 200# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html"> 201# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 202# </a> 203 204# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 205# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 206# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 207# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 208# "continue for an indefinite period." 209# 210# One of many places where it is published: 211# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html"> 212# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 213# </a> 214 215# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 216# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 217# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 218# 219# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 220# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228"> 221# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 222# </a> 223# and 224# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html"> 225# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 226# </a> 227# 228# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 229# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 230# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 231# Minister's Office last night..." 232 233# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 234# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 235# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 236# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817"> 237# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 238# </a> 239# or 240# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html"> 241# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 242# </a> 243 244# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 245Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 246Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 - 247 248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 250 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 251 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 252 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 253 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 254 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 255 6:00 - BDT 2009 256 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 257 258# Bhutan 259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 261 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 262 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 263 264# British Indian Ocean Territory 265# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 266# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 267# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 268# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 269# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 271Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 272 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 273 6:00 - IOT 274 275# Brunei 276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 278 7:30 - BNT 1933 279 8:00 - BNT 280 281# Burma / Myanmar 282# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 283Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 284 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 285 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 286 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 287 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 288 289# Cambodia 290# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 291Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 292 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 293 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 294 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 295 7:00 - ICT 296 297# China 298 299# From Guy Harris: 300# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 301 302# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 303# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 304# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 305# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 306# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 307# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 308# 309# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 310# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 311# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 312# 313# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 314# 1987 mid-April - ?? 315 316# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 317# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 318# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 319 320# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 321# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 322# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 323# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 324# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 325# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 326# pre-1980 time zones. 327 328# From Shanks & Pottenger: 329# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 330Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 331Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 332Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 333Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 334Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 335Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 336 337# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 338# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 339# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 340# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 341# 342# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 343# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 344# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 345# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 346# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 347# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 348# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 349# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 350# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 351# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 352 353# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 354# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk 355# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986 356# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim 357# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 358# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this 359# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began 360# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 361# 362# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11): 363# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 364# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 365# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 366# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 367# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 368# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s). 369# 370# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 371# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949 372# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a 373# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with 374# Shanks & Pottenger. 375 376# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 377# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 378# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 379Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 380 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 381 8:00 - CST 1940 382 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 383 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 384 8:00 PRC C%sT 385# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 386# most of China 387Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 388 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 389 8:00 PRC C%sT 390# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 391# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 392# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 393# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 394# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 395Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 396 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 397 8:00 PRC C%sT 398# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 399# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 400# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 401# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 402# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 403# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 404# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 405# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 406# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 407Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 408 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 409 8:00 PRC C%sT 410# Kunlun Time 411# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 412# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 413# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 414# and Yarkand. 415 416# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 417# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 418# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 419# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 420# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 421# they implicitly use Beijing time. 422# 423# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 424# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 425# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 426# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 427# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in 428# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 429# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 430# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 431# 432# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 433# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 434# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 435# 436# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 437# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 438# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 439# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 440# others moving their clocks ahead.) 441# 442# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time. 443# 444# The first few lines of the Google translation of 445# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39"> 446# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39 447# </a> 448# (retrieved 2009-10-13) 449# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least 450# > 500 million yuan 451# > 452# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20), 453# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River 454# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men 455# > have worked continuously for 22 hours... 456 457# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 458# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 459# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 460# 461# 1. Wulumuqi... 462# 2. Kashi... 463# 3. Urumqi... 464# 4. Kashgar... 465# ... 466# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 467# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 468# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 469# 470# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 471# start date for Xinjiang time. 472# 473# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 474# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 475# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 476# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 477 478Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 479 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 480 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 481 8:00 PRC C%sT 482 483 484# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 485# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 486# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 487# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 488# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 489# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 490# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 491# obtained from 492# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 493# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 494# </a>. 495 496# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 497# Here are the dates given at 498# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 499# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 500# </a> 501# as of 2009-10-28: 502# Year Period 503# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 504# 1942 Whole year 505# 1943 Whole year 506# 1944 Whole year 507# 1945 Whole year 508# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 509# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 510# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 511# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 512# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 513# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 514# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 515# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 516# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 517# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 518# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 519# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 520# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 521# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 522# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 523# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 524# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 525# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 526# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 527# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 528# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 529# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 530# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 531# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 532# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 533# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 534# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 535# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 536# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 537# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 538# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 539# 1977 Nil 540# 1978 Nil 541# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 542# 1980 to Now Nil 543# The page does not give start or end times of day. 544# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 545# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 546# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 547# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 548# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 549 550# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 551# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 552Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 553Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 554Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 555Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 556Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 557Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 558Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 559Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 560Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 561Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 562Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 563Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 564Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 565Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 566Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 567Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 568Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 569Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 570Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 571# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 572Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 573 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 574 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 575 8:00 HK HK%sT 576 577############################################################################### 578 579# Taiwan 580 581# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 582# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 583# have any other information. 584 585# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 586# According to Taiwan's CWB, 587# <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm"> 588# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 589# </a> 590# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 591 592# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07): 593# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page: 594# Decade Name Start and end date 595# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30 596# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31 597# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31 598# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30 599# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30 600# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30 601# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time 602# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30 603# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time 604# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30 605# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time 606 607# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 608Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 609Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 610Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 611Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 612Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 613Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 614Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 615Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 616Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 617Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 618Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 619 620# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 621Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 622 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 623 624# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 625# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 626Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 627Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 628Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 629Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 630Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 631Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 632Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 633Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 634Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 635Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 636Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 637Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 638Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 639Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 640# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 641Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 642 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 643 8:00 PRC C%sT 644 645 646############################################################################### 647 648# Cyprus 649# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 650Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 651Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 652Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 653Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 654Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 655Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 656Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 657Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 658Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 659# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 660Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 661 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 662 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 663# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 664 665# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 666# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 667Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 668 669# Georgia 670# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 671# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 672# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 673# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 674# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 675# 676# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 677# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 678# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 679# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 680# 681# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 682# 683# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 684# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 685# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 686# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 687# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 688# of integration into Europe. 689 690# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 691# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 692# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 693# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 694# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 695# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 696# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 697# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 698# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 699 700 701# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 702Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 703 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 704 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 705 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 706 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 707 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 708 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 709 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 710 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 711 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 712 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 713 4:00 - GET 714 715# East Timor 716 717# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 718 719# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 720# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 721# East Timor may be late for its millennium 722# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 723# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 724# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 725# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 726# conflicts with their way of life. 727 728# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 729# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 730# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 731 732# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 733# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 734# (2000-08-16)</a>: 735# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 736# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 737# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 738# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 739 740# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 741Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 742 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 743 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 744 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 745 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 746 9:00 - TLT 747 748# India 749# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 750Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 751 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 752 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 753 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 754 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 755 5:30 - IST 756# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 757# Andaman Is 758# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 759# Nicobar Is 760 761# Indonesia 762# 763# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 764# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 765# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 766# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 767# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 768# 769# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 770# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 771# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 772# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 773# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 774# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 775# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 776# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions 777# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 778# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 779# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 780# switched on 1945-09-23. 781# 782# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 783Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 784# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 785# but this must be a typo. 786 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 787 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 788 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 789 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 790 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 791 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 792 7:30 - WIT 1964 793 7:00 - WIT 794Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 795 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 796 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 797 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 798 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 799 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 800 7:30 - WIT 1964 801 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 802 7:00 - WIT 803Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 804 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 805 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 806 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 807 8:00 - CIT 808Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 809 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1 810 9:30 - CST 1964 811 9:00 - EIT 812 813# Iran 814 815# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 816# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 817# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 818# 819# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 820# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 821# 822# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 823# 824# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 825# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 826# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 827# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 828# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 829# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 830# 831# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 832# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 833# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 834# Shahrivar. 835# 836# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 837# 838# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 839# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 840# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 841# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 842# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 843# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 844# 845# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 846# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 847# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 848# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 849# plan to change that law.... 850# 851# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 852# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 853# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 854# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 855# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 856# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 857# 858# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 859# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 860# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 861# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 862# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 863# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 864# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 865# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 866# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 867# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 868# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 869# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 870# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 871# 872# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 873# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 874# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 875# 876# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: 877# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 878# daylight saving time ... 879# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 880# 881# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 882# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 883# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 884# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 885# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 886# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 887# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 888# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 889# 890# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 891Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 892Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 893Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 894Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 895Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 896Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 897Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 898Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 899Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 900Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 901Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 902Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 903Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 904Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 905Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 906Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 907Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 908Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 909Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 910Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 911Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 912Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 913Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 914Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 915Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 916Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 917Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 918Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 919Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 920Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 921Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 922Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 923Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 924Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 925Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 926Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 927Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 928Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 929Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 930Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 931Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 932Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 933Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 934Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 935Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 936Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 937Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 938Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 939Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 940# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 941Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 942 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 943 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 944 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 945 3:30 Iran IR%sT 946 947 948# Iraq 949# 950# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 951# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 952# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 953# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 954# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 955# 956# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 957# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 958# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 959# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 960# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 961# 962# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 963 964# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 965# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 966# news sources (in Arabic): 967# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html"> 968# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 969# </a> 970# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10"> 971# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 972# </a> 973# 974# We have published a short article in English about the change: 975# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html"> 976# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 977# </a> 978 979# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 980Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 981Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 982Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 983Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 984Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 985Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 986# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 987# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 988# 989Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 990Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 991# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 992Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 993 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 994 3:00 - AST 1982 May 995 3:00 Iraq A%sT 996 997 998############################################################################### 999 1000# Israel 1001 1002# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1003# 1004# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1005# different abbreviations in use: 1006# 1007# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1008# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1009# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1010# 1011# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1012# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1013# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1014# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1015# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1016# settings in Israeli computers. 1017# 1018# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1019# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1020# family is from India). 1021 1022# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1023# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1024Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1025Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1026Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1027Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1028Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1029Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1030Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1031Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1032Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1033Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1034Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1035Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1036Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1037Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1038Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1039Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1040Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1041Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1042Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1043Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1044Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1045Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1046Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1047Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1048Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1049Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1050Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1051Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1052Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1053Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1054Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1055Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1056Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1057Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1058Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1059Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1060Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1061Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1062Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 1063Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1064 1065# From Ephraim Silverberg 1066# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1067# and 2005-02-17): 1068 1069# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1070# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1071# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1072# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1073# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1074# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1075# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1076# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1077# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1078# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1079# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1080# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1081# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1082# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1083# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1084# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1085# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1086# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1087# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1088# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1089# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1090# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1091 1092# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1093Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1094Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1095Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1096Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1097Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1098Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1099Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1100Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1101Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1102Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1103 1104# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1105# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1106# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1107 1108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1109Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1110Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1111Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1112Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1113 1114# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1115# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1116# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1117# 1118# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1119# 1120# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1121# 1122# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1123# 1124# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1125# 1126# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1127 1128# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1129Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1130Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1131Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1132Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1133Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1134Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1135Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1136Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1137 1138# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1139# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1140# years 2001-2004 as well. 1141# 1142# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1143# 1144# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1145# 1146# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1147# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1148# 1149# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1150 1151# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1152Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1153Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1154Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1155Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1156Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1157Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1158Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1159Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1160Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1161Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1162 1163# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1164# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1165# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1166# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1167# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1168# 1169# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1170# 1171# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1172 1173# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 1174# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1175# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1176# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1177# to generate the transitions in this list. 1178# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1179# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 1180# 1181# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1182# 1183# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1184# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1185# springtime transitions explicitly. 1186 1187# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1188Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1189Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1190Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1191Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1192Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1193Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1194Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1195Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1196Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1197Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1198Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1199Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1200Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 1201Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1202Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1203Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1204Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1205Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1206Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1207Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1208Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1209Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1210Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1211Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1212Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1213Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1214Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1215Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1216Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1217Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1218Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 1219Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1220Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1221Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1222Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 1223Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1224Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1225Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1226Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1227Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 1228Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 1229Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1230Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 1231 1232# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1233Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 1234 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1235 2:00 Zion I%sT 1236 1237 1238 1239############################################################################### 1240 1241# Japan 1242 1243# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 1244 1245# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1246# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1247# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 1248# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 1249 1250# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1251# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1252# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1253# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1254# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1255# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1256# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1257# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1258# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1259# wanted to keep it.) 1260 1261# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1262# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1263# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1264Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1265Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1266Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1267Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1268# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1269# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1270# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1271# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1272 1273# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1274# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1275# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 1276# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1277# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1278# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1279# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1280 1281# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1282# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1283# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 1284# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1285# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1286# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 1287# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1288# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1289# standard.... 1290# 1291# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1292# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1293 1294# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 1295# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 1296# ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 1297 1298# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1299Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1300 9:00 - JST 1896 1301 9:00 - CJT 1938 1302 9:00 Japan J%sT 1303# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1304 1305# Jordan 1306# 1307# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 1308# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1309# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1310# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1311# all year round. 1312# 1313# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 1314# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1315# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1316# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1317# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1318# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1319# 1320# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1321# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1322# 1323# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1324# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1325# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1326# 1327# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1328# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1329# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1330# 1331 1332# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02): 1333# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for 1334# Jordan. 1335# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight 1336# saving 1337# time on the last Thursday in March. 1338# 1339# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1340# 1341# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan 1342# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002. 1343# Please see 1344# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11"> 1345# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11 1346# </a> 1347 1348# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1349# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1350# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279"> 1351# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1352# </a> 1353# 1354# Google's translation: 1355# 1356# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1357# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1358# > of the month of March of each year. 1359# 1360# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1361 1362# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1363# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1364 1365# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1366Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1367Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1368Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1369Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1370Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1371Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1372Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1373Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1374Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1375Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1376Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1377Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1378Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1379Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1380Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1381Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1382Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1383Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1384Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1385Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1386Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1387Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1388Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1389Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1390Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1391Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1392Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1393Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1394# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1395Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1396 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1397 1398 1399# Kazakhstan 1400 1401# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1402# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1403# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1404# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1405# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1406# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1407 1408# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1409# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1410# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1411# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1412# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1413# 1414# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1415# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1416# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1417 1418# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 1419# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 1420# </a> 1421# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1422# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1423# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1424# 1425# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1426# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1427# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1428# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1429# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1430# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1431# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1432# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1433# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1434 1435# 1436# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1437# 1438# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1439Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1440 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1441 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1442 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1443 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1444 6:00 - ALMT 1445# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1446Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1447 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1448 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1449 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1450 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1451 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1452 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1453 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1454 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1455 6:00 - QYZT 1456# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1457Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1458 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1459 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1460 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1461 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1462 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1463 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1464 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1465 5:00 - AQTT 1466# Mangghystau 1467# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1468# so include time stamps before 1963. 1469Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1470 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1471 5:00 - FORT 1963 1472 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1473 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1474 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1475 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1476 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1477 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1478 5:00 - AQTT 1479# West Kazakhstan 1480Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1481 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1482 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1483 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1484 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1485 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1486 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1487 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1488 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1489 5:00 - ORAT 1490 1491# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1492# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1493 1494# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1495# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1496# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1497# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1498# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1499# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1500# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1501# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1502 1503# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1504Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1505Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1506Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1507Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1508# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1509Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1510 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1511 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1512 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1513 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1514 6:00 - KGT 1515 1516############################################################################### 1517 1518# Korea (North and South) 1519 1520# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1521# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1522# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1523# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1524# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1525# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1526 1527# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1528# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1529Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1530Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1531Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1532Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1533 1534# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1535Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1536 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1537 9:00 - KST 1928 1538 8:30 - KST 1932 1539 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1540 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1541 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1542 9:00 ROK K%sT 1543Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1544 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1545 9:00 - KST 1928 1546 8:30 - KST 1932 1547 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1548 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1549 9:00 - KST 1550 1551############################################################################### 1552 1553# Kuwait 1554# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1555# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): 1556# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded 1557# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in 1558# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. 1559# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. 1560# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1561# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, 1562# so for now we assume no DST. 1563Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1564 3:00 - AST 1565 1566# Laos 1567# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1568Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1569 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1570 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1571 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1572 7:00 - ICT 1573 1574# Lebanon 1575# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1576Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1577Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1578Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1579Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1580Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1581Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1582Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1583Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1584Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1585Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1586Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1587Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1588Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1589Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1590Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1591Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1592Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1593Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1594Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1595Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1596Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1597Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1598Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1599Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1600# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1601Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1602 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1603 1604# Malaysia 1605# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1606Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1607Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1608# 1609# peninsular Malaysia 1610# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1611# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1612# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1613Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1614 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1615 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1616 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1617 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1618 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1619 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1620 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1621 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1622# Sabah & Sarawak 1623# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1624# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1625# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1626# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1627Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1628 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1629 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1630 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1631 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1632 8:00 - MYT 1633 1634# Maldives 1635# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1636Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1637 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1638 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1639 1640# Mongolia 1641 1642# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1643# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 1644# both say that it has just one. 1645 1646# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1647# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1648# General Information Mongolia 1649# </a> (1999-09) 1650# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1651# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1652# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1653# eight hours." 1654 1655# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1656# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1657# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1658# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1659# of implementation may have been different.... 1660# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1661# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1662# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1663 1664# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1665# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1666# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1667# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1668# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1669# is good enough for our purposes. 1670 1671# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1672# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1673# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1674# there are three time zones. 1675# 1676# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1677# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1678# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1679# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1680# 1681# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1682 1683# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1684# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1685# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1686# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1687# 1688# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1689# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1690# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1691 1692# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1693# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1694# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1695# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1696# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1697# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1698# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1699# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1700# He also found 1701# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1702# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1703# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1704# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1705# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1706# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1707# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1708# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1709 1710# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1711# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1712# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1713# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1714 1715# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1716# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1717# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1718# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1719# database on this, e.g.: 1720# 1721# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026"> 1722# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1723# </a> 1724# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx"> 1725# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1726# </a> 1727# 1728# both say GMT+08:00. 1729 1730# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1731# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1732# schedule here: 1733# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"> 1734# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1735# </a> 1736# (click the English flag for English) 1737# 1738# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive 1739# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1740# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1741# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are 1742# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1743# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1744 1745# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1746# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1747# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1748# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1749# this is almost surely wrong. 1750 1751# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1752Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1753Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1754# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1755# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1756# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1757# 1758# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1759# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1760# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1761# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1762# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1763# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1764 1765Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1766Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1767# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1768Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1769Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1770Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1771 1772# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1773# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1774Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1775 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1776 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1777# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1778Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1779 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1780 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1781# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1782# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1783Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1784 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1785 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1786 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1787 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1788 1789# Nepal 1790# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1791Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1792 5:30 - IST 1986 1793 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1794 1795# Oman 1796# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1797Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1798 4:00 - GST 1799 1800# Pakistan 1801 1802# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1803# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1804# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1805# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1806# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1807# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1808 1809# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1810# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1811# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1812# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1813# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1814# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1815# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1816# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1817# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1818# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1819# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1820 1821# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1822# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1823# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1824 1825# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1826# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1827# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1828# 1829# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1830# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1831# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1832# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1833# 1834# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1835# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1836 1837# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1838# 1839# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1840# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1841# 1842# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1843# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1844# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1845# ...." 1846# 1847# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html"> 1848# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1849# </a> 1850# OR 1851# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4"> 1852# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1853# </a> 1854 1855# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1856# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1857 1858# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1859# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1860# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1861# instead of August 31. 1862# 1863# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html"> 1864# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1865# </a> 1866# OR 1867# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html"> 1868# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1869# </a> 1870 1871# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1872# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1873# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1874# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1875# official working." 1876# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280"> 1877# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 1878# </a> 1879# 1880# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 1881# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 1882# 1883# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 1884# April 08, 2009 1885# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 1886# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1"> 1887# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 1888# </a> 1889# 1890# or 1891# 1892# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html"> 1893# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 1894# </a> 1895# 1896# .... 1897# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 1898# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 1899# conserve energy" 1900 1901# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 1902# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 1903# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 1904# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 1905# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 1906# this regard." 1907# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168"> 1908# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 1909# </a> 1910 1911# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 1912# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1913# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1914# 1, 2009. 1915# 1916# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 1917# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2"> 1918# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 1919# </a> 1920# or 1921# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm"> 1922# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 1923# </a> 1924 1925# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 1926# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 1927# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1928# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1929# > 1, 2009. 1930# 1931# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 1932# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742"> 1933# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 1934# </a> 1935# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 1936# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 1937# Monday." 1938# 1939# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 1940# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 1941# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 1942# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 1943# 1944# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 1945# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 1946# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html"> 1947# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 1948# </a> 1949 1950# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01): 1951# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 1952# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 1953 1954# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 1955# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 1956# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 1957# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 1958# > 1959# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 1960# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 1961# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 1962# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 1963# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 1964# 1965# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 1966# <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041"> 1967# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 1968# </a> 1969# 1970# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 1971# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2"> 1972# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 1973# </a> 1974 1975# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1976Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1977Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1978Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1979Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1980Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1981Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1982 1983# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1984Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1985 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1986 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1987 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1988 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1989 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1990 1991# Palestine 1992 1993# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1994# 1995# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1996# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1997# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1998# 1999# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2000# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2001# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2002# though. 2003# 2004# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2005# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2006# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2007# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2008# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2009# East Jerusalem. 2010# 2011# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2012# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2013# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2014# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2015# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2016# 2017# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2018# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2019# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2020# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2021# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2022# Jordanian one). 2023# 2024# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2025# 2026# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2027# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2028# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2029# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2030# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2031# 2032# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2033# have one). 2034 2035# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2036# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2037# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2038# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2039# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2040# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2041# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2042# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2043# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2044# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 2045# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 2046 2047# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2048# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2049# 2050# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2051# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2052# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2053# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2054 2055# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2056# Daoud Kuttab writes in 2057# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 2058# Holiday havoc 2059# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2060# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2061# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2062# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2063# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2064 2065# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2066# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2067 2068# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2069# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2070# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2071# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2072# earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 2073 2074# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2075# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2076# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2077# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2078# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2079# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2080# the West Bank. 2081 2082# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2083# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2084# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2085# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2086# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2087# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2088# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2089# because of the Ramadan. 2090 2091# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2092# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2093# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2094 2095# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2096# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2097# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2098# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2099# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2100# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2101 2102# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2103# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2104# 2105# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2106# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2107# 2108# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001"> 2109# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2110# </a> 2111# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087"> 2112# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2113# </a> 2114# or 2115# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html"> 2116# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2117# </a> 2118 2119# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2120# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2121# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2122# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2123# 2124# (in Arabic) 2125# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850"> 2126# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2127# </a> 2128# 2129# or 2130# (English translation) 2131# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html"> 2132# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2133# </a> 2134 2135# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2136# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2137# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2138# 2139# One news source: 2140# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158"> 2141# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2142# </a> 2143# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2144# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2145# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2146# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2147# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2148# 2149# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2150# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2151# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html"> 2152# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2153# </a> 2154 2155# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2156# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2157# 2158# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2159# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2160# 2161# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2162# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2163# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2164# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2165# </a> 2166# or 2167# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html> 2168# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2169# </a> 2170 2171# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2172# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2173# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2174# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2175# 2176# <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697"> 2177# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2178# </a> 2179# (in Arabic) 2180# or 2181# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html"> 2182# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2183# </a> 2184 2185# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2186# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2187# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2188# noon though: 2189# 2190# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178"> 2191# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2192# </a> 2193# (Ma'an News Agency) 2194# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2195# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2196 2197# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2198# According to several sources, including 2199# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795"> 2200# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2201# </a> 2202# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2203# Gaza and the West Bank. 2204# Some more background info: 2205# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html"> 2206# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2207# </a> 2208 2209# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2210# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2211# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2212# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2213# Ramadan. 2214# 2215# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217"> 2216# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2217# </a> 2218# Additional info: 2219# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html"> 2220# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2221# </a> 2222 2223# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2224# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2225# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2226# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2227# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2228# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2229# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2230# ... 2231# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650"> 2232# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2233# </a> 2234# or 2235# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html"> 2236# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2237# </a> 2238# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 2239 2240# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2241# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2242# 00:00). 2243# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2244# 2245# Many sources, including: 2246# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808"> 2247# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2248# </a> 2249 2250# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2251# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2252# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2253# Some of many sources in Arabic: 2254# <a href="http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638"> 2255# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2256# </a> 2257# 2258# <a href="http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html"> 2259# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2260# </a> 2261# 2262# Our brief summary: 2263# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html"> 2264# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2265# </a> 2266 2267# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2268# The timeanddate article for 2012 says that "the end date has not yet been 2269# announced" and that "Last year, both...paused daylight saving time during... 2270# Ramadan. It is not yet known [for] 2012." 2271# For now, assume both switch back on the last Friday in September. XXX 2272 2273# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2274Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2275Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2276Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2277Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2278Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2279Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2280 2281Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2282Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2283Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2284Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2285Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2286Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2287Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2288Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 0:00 0 - 2289Rule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2290Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 - 2291Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S 2292Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2293 2294# From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20): 2295# 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20.
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