3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5
6# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
9
10# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
11#
12# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
13# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
14# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
15#
16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20# of the IATA's data after 1990.
21#
22# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
23# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
24#
25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
27# I found in the UCLA library.
28#
29# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
30# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
31#
32# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
33# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
34# Corrections are welcome!
35# std dst
36# LMT Local Mean Time
37# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
38# 2:00 IST IDT Israel
39# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
40# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
41# 4:00 GST Gulf*
42# 5:30 IST India
43# 7:00 ICT Indochina*
44# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
45# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
46# 8:00 CST China
47# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
48# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
49# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
50# 9:00 KST KDT Korea
51# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
52#
53# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
54
55# From Guy Harris:
56# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
57# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
58# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
59# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
60
61###############################################################################
62
63# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
65Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
66Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
67Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
68Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
69Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
70Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
71Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
72Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
73Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
74Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
75Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
76Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
77Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
78Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
79Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
80
81# Afghanistan
82# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
83Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
84 4:00 - AFT 1945
85 4:30 - AFT
86
87# Armenia
88# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
89# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
90# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
91# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
92# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
93# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
94# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
95# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
96# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
97# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
98Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
99 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
100 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
101 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
102 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
103 4:00 - AMT 1997
104 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
105
106# Azerbaijan
107# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
108# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
109# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
110# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
111Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
112Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
113# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
114Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
115 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
116 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
117 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
118 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
119 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
120 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
121 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
122
123# Bahrain
124# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
125Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
126 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
127 3:00 - AST
128
129# Bangladesh
130# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
131# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
132# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
133#
134# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
135# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
136# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
137# </a>
138# or
139# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
140# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
141# </a>
142#
143# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
144# June
145# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
146# crippling power crisis. "
147#
148# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
149# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
150
151# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
152# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
153# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
154#
155# Some sources:
156# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
157# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
158# </a>
159# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
160# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
161# </a>
162#
163# Our wrap-up:
164# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
165# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
166# </a>
167
168# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
169# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
170# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
171# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
172#
173# No DST end date has been announced yet.
174
175# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
176# Arbitrarily end DST at the end of 2009 so that a POSIX-sytle time zone string
177# can appear in the Dhaka binary file and for the benefit of old glibc
178# reimplementations of the time zone software that mishandle permanent DST.
179# A change will be required once the end date is known.
180
181# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
182Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
183 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
184 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
185 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
186 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
187 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
188 6:00 - BDT 2009 Jun 19 23:00 # Bangladesh Time
189 6:00 1:00 BDST 2010
190 6:00 - BDT
191
192# Bhutan
193# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
194Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
195 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
196 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
197
198# British Indian Ocean Territory
199# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
200# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
201# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
202# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
203# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
204# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
205Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
206 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
207 6:00 - IOT
208
209# Brunei
210# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
211Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
212 7:30 - BNT 1933
213 8:00 - BNT
214
215# Burma / Myanmar
216# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
217Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
218 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
219 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
220 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
221 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
222
223# Cambodia
224# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
225Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
226 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
227 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
228 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
229 7:00 - ICT
230
231# China
232
233# From Guy Harris:
234# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
235
236# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
237# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
238# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
239# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
240# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
241# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
242#
243# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
244# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
245# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
246#
247# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
248# 1987 mid-April - ??
249
250# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
251# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
252# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
253
254# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
255# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
256# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
257# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
258# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
259# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
260# pre-1980 time zones.
261
262# From Shanks & Pottenger:
263# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
264Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
265Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
266Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
267Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
268Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
269Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
270
271# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
272# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
273# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
274# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
275#
276# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
277# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
278# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
279# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
280# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
281# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
282# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
283# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
284# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
285# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
286
287# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
288# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
289# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
290# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
291# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
292# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
293# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
294# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
295#
296# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
297# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
298# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
299# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
300# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
301# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
302# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
303#
304# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
305# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
306# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
307# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
308# Shanks & Pottenger.
309
310# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
311# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
312# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
313Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
314 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
315 8:00 - CST 1940
316 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
317 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
318 8:00 PRC C%sT
319# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
320# most of China
321Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
322 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
323 8:00 PRC C%sT
324# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
325# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
326# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
327# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
328# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
329Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
330 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
331 8:00 PRC C%sT
332# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
333# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
334# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
335# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
336# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
337# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
338# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
339# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
340# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
341Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
342 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
343 8:00 PRC C%sT
344# Kunlun Time
345# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
346# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
347# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
348# and Yarkand.
349Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
350 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
351 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
352 8:00 PRC C%sT
353
354# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
355# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
356Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
357Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
358Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
359Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
360Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
361Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
362Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
363Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
364Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
365Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
366Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
367Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
368Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
369Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
370Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
372Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
373 8:00 HK HK%sT
374
375
376###############################################################################
377
378# Taiwan
379
380# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
381# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
382# have any other information.
383
384# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
385Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
386Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
387Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
388Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
389Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
390Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
391Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
392Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
393Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
394Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
395Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
396# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
397Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
398 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
399
400# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
401# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
402Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
403Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
404Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
405Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
406Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
407Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
408Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
409Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
410Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
411Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
412Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
413Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
414Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
415Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
417Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
418 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
419 8:00 PRC C%sT
420
421
422###############################################################################
423
424# Cyprus
425# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
426Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
427Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
428Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
429Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
430Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
431Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
432Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
433Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
434Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
435# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
436Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
437 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
438 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
439# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
440
441# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
442# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
443Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
444
445# Georgia
446# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
447# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
448# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
449# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
450# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
451#
452# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
453# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
454# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
455# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
456#
457# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
458#
459# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
460# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
461# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
462# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
463# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
464# of integration into Europe.
465
466# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
467# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
468# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
469# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
470# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
471# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
472# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
473# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
474# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
475
476
477# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
478Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
479 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
480 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
481 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
482 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
483 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
484 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
485 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
486 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
487 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
488 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
489 4:00 - GET
490
491# East Timor
492
493# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
494
495# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
496# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
497# East Timor may be late for its millennium
498# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
499# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
500# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
501# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
502# conflicts with their way of life.
503
504# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
505# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
506# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
507
508# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
509# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
510# (2000-08-16)</a>:
511# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
512# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
513# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
514# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
515
516# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
517Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
518 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
519 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
520 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
521 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
522 9:00 - TLT
523
524# India
525# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
526Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
527 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
528 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
529 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
530 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
531 5:30 - IST
532# The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
533# Andaman Is
534# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
535# Nicobar Is
536
537# Indonesia
538#
539# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
540# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
541# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
542# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
543# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
544#
545# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
546# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
547# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
548# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
549# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
550# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
551# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
552# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
553# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
554# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
555# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
556# switched on 1945-09-23.
557#
558# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
559Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
560# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
561# but this must be a typo.
562 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
563 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
564 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
565 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
566 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
567 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
568 7:30 - WIT 1964
569 7:00 - WIT
570Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
571 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
572 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
573 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
574 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
575 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
576 7:30 - WIT 1964
577 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
578 7:00 - WIT
579Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
580 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
581 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
582 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
583 8:00 - CIT
584Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
585 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
586 9:30 - CST 1964
587 9:00 - EIT
588
589# Iran
590
591# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
592# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
593# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
594#
595# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
596# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
597#
598# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
599#
600# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
601# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
602# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
603# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
604# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
605# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
606#
607# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
608# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
609# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
610# Shahrivar.
611#
612# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
613#
614# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
615# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
616# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
617# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
618# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
619# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
620#
621# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
622# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
623# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
624# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
625# plan to change that law....
626#
627# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
628# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
629# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
630# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
631# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
632# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
633#
634# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
635# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
636# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
637# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
638# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
639# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
640# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
641# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
642# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
643# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
644# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
645# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
646# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
647#
648# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
649# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
650# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
651#
652# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
653# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
654# daylight saving time ...
655# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
656#
657# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
658# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
659# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
660# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
661# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
662# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
663# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
664# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
665#
666# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
667Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
668Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
669Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
670Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
671Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
672Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
673Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
674Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
675Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
676Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
677Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
678Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
679Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
680Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
681Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
682Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
683Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
684Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
685Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
686Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
687Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
688Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
689Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
690Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
691Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
692Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
693Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
694Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
695Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
696Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
697Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
698Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
699Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
700Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
701Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
702Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
703Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
704Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
705Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
706Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
707Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
708Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
709Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
710Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
711Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
712Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
713Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
714Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
715Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
716# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
717Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
718 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
719 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
720 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
721 3:30 Iran IR%sT
722
723
724# Iraq
725#
726# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
727# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
728# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
729# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
730# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
731#
732# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
733# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
734# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
735# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
736# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
737#
738# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
739
740# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
741# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
742# news sources (in Arabic):
743# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
744# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
745# </a>
746# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
747# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
748# </a>
749#
750# We have published a short article in English about the change:
751# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
752# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
753# </a>
754
755# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
756Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
757Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
758Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
759Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
760Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
761Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
762# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
763# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
764#
765Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
766Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
767# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
768Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
769 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
770 3:00 - AST 1982 May
771 3:00 Iraq A%sT
772
773
774###############################################################################
775
776# Israel
777
778# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
779#
780# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
781# different abbreviations in use:
782#
783# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
784# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
785# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
786#
787# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
788# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
789# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
790# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
791# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
792# settings in Israeli computers.
793#
794# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
795# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
796# family is from India).
797
798# From Shanks & Pottenger:
799# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
800Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
801Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
802Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
803Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
804Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
805Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
806Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
807Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
808Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
809Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
810Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
811Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
812Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
813Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
814Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
815Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
816Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
817Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
818Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
819Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
820Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
821Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
822Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
823Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
824Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
825Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
826Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
827Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
828Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
829Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
830Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
831Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
832Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
833Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
834Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
835Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
836Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
837Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
838Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
839Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
840
841# From Ephraim Silverberg
842# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
843# and 2005-02-17):
844
845# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
846# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
847# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
848# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
849# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
850# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
851# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
852# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
853# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
854# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
855# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
856# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
857# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
858# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
859# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
860# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
861# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
862# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
863# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
864# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
865# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
866# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
867
868# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
869Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
870Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
871Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
872Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
873Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
874Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
875Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
876Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
877Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
878Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
879
880# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
881# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
882# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
883
884# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
885Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
886Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
887Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
888Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
889
890# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
891# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
892# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
893#
894# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
895#
896# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
897#
898# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
899#
900# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
901#
902# where YYYY is the relevant year.
903
904# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
905Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
906Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
907Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
908Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
909Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
910Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
911Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
912Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
913
914# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
915# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
916# years 2001-2004 as well.
917#
918# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
919#
920# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
921#
922# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
923# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
924#
925# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
926
927# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
928Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
929Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
930Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
931Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
932Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
933Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
934Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
935Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
936Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
937Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
938
939# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
940# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
941# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
942# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
943# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
944#
945# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
946#
947# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
948
949# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
950# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
951# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
952# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
953# to generate the transitions in this list.
954# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
955# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
956#
957# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
958#
959# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
960# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
961# springtime transitions explicitly.
962
963# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
964Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
965Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
966Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
967Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
968Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
969Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
970Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
971Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
972Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
973Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
974Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
975Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
976Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
977Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
978Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
979Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
980Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
981Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
982Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
983Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
984Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
985Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
986Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
987Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
988Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
989Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
990Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
991Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
992Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
993Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
994Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
995Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
996Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
997Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
998Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
999Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1000Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1001Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1002Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1003Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1004Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
1005Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1006Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
1007
1008# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1009Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
1010 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1011 2:00 Zion I%sT
1012
1013
1014
1015###############################################################################
1016
1017# Japan
1018
1019# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1020
1021# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1022# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1023# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1024# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1025
1026# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1027# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1028# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1029# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1030# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1031# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1032# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1033# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1034# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1035# wanted to keep it.)
1036
1037# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1038# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1039# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1040Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1041Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1042Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1043Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1044# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1045# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1046# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1047# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1048
1049# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1050# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1051# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1052# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1053# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1054# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1055# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1056
1057# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1058# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1059# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1060# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1061# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1062# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1063# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1064# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1065# standard....
1066#
1067# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1068# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1069
1070# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1071# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1072# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1073
1074# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1075Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1076 9:00 - JST 1896
1077 9:00 - CJT 1938
1078 9:00 Japan J%sT
1079# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1080
1081# Jordan
1082#
1083# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1084# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1085# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1086# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1087# all year round.
1088#
1089# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1090# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1091# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1092# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1093# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1094# government's departments from six to seven hours.
1095#
1096# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1097# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1098#
1099# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1100# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1101# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1102#
1103# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1104# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1105# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1106#
1107
1108# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1109# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1110# Jordan.
1111# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1112# saving
1113# time on the last Thursday in March.
1114#
1115# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1116#
1117# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1118# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1119# Please see
1120# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1121# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1122# </a>
1123
1124# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1125# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1126# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1127# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1128# </a>
1129#
1130# Google's translation:
1131#
1132# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1133# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1134# > of the month of March of each year.
1135#
1136# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1137
1138# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1139# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1140
1141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1142Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1143Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1144Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1145Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1146Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1147Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1148Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1149Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1150Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1151Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1152Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1153Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1154Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1155Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1156Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1157Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1158Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1159Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1160Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1161Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1162Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1163Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1164Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1165Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1166Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1167Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1168Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1169Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1170# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1171Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1172 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1173
1174
1175# Kazakhstan
1176
1177# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1178# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1179# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1180# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1181# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1182# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1183
1184# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1185# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1186# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1187# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1188# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1189#
1190# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1191# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1192# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1193
1194# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1195# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1196# </a>
1197# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1198# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1199# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1200#
1201# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1202# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1203# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1204# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1205# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1206# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1207# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1208# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1209# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1210
1211#
1212# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1213#
1214# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1215Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1216 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1217 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1218 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1219 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1220 6:00 - ALMT
1221# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1222Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1223 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1224 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1225 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1226 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1227 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1228 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1229 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1230 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1231 6:00 - QYZT
1232# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1233Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1234 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1235 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1236 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1237 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1238 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1239 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1240 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1241 5:00 - AQTT
1242# Mangghystau
1243# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1244# so include time stamps before 1963.
1245Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1246 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1247 5:00 - FORT 1963
1248 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1249 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1250 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1251 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1252 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1253 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1254 5:00 - AQTT
1255# West Kazakhstan
1256Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1257 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1258 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1259 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1260 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1261 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1262 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1263 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1264 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1265 5:00 - ORAT
1266
1267# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1268# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1269
1270# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1271# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1272# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1273# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1274# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1275# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1276# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1277# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1278
1279# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1280Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1281Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1282Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1283Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1284# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1285Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1286 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1287 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1288 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1289 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1290 6:00 - KGT
1291
1292###############################################################################
1293
1294# Korea (North and South)
1295
1296# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1297# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1298# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1299# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1300# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1301# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1302
1303# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1304# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1305Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1306Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1307Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1308Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1309
1310# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1311Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1312 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1313 9:00 - KST 1928
1314 8:30 - KST 1932
1315 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1316 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1317 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1318 9:00 ROK K%sT
1319Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1320 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1321 9:00 - KST 1928
1322 8:30 - KST 1932
1323 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1324 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1325 9:00 - KST
1326
1327###############################################################################
1328
1329# Kuwait
1330# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1331# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1332# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1333# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1334# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1335# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1336# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1337# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1338# so for now we assume no DST.
1339Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1340 3:00 - AST
1341
1342# Laos
1343# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1344Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1345 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1346 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1347 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1348 7:00 - ICT
1349
1350# Lebanon
1351# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1352Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1353Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1354Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1355Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1356Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1357Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1358Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1359Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1360Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1361Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1362Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1363Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1364Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1365Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1366Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1367Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1368Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1369Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1370Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1371Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1372Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1373Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1374Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1375Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1376# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1377Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1378 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1379
1380# Malaysia
1381# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1382Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1383Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1384#
1385# peninsular Malaysia
1386# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1387# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1388# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1389Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1390 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1391 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1392 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1393 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1394 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1395 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1396 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1397 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1398# Sabah & Sarawak
1399# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1400# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1401# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1402# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1403Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1404 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1405 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1406 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1407 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1408 8:00 - MYT
1409
1410# Maldives
1411# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1412Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1413 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1414 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1415
1416# Mongolia
1417
1418# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1419# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1420# both say that it has just one.
1421
1422# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1423# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1424# General Information Mongolia
1425# </a> (1999-09)
1426# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1427# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1428# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1429# eight hours."
1430
1431# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1432# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1433# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1434# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1435# of implementation may have been different....
1436# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1437# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1438# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1439
1440# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1441# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1442# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1443# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1444# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1445# is good enough for our purposes.
1446
1447# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1448# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1449# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1450# there are three time zones.
1451#
1452# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1453# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1454# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1455# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1456#
1457# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1458
1459# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1460# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1461# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1462# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1463#
1464# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1465# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1466# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1467
1468# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1469# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1470# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1471# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1472# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1473# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1474# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1475# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1476# He also found
1477# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1478# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1479# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1480# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1481# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1482# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1483# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1484# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1485
1486# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1487# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1488# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1489# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1490
1491# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1492# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1493# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1494# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1495# database on this, e.g.:
1496#
1497# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1498# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1499# </a>
1500# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1501# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1502# </a>
1503#
1504# both say GMT+08:00.
1505
1506# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1507# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1508# schedule here:
1509# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1510# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1511# </a>
1512# (click the English flag for English)
1513#
1514# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1515# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1516# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1517# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1518# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1519# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1520
1521# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1522# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1523# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1524# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1525# this is almost surely wrong.
1526
1527# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1528Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1529Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1530# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1531# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1532# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1533#
1534# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1535# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1536# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1537# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1538# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1539# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1540
1541Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1542Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1543# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1544Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1545Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1546Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1547
1548# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1549# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1550Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1551 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1552 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1553# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1554Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1555 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1556 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1557# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1558# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1559Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1560 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1561 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1562 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1563 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1564
1565# Nepal
1566# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1567Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1568 5:30 - IST 1986
1569 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1570
1571# Oman
1572# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1573Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1574 4:00 - GST
1575
1576# Pakistan
1577
1578# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1579# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1580# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1581# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1582# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1583# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1584
1585# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1586# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1587# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1588# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1589# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1590# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1591# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1592# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1593# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1594# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1595# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1596
1597# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1598# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1599# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1600
1601# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1602# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1603# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1604#
1605# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1606# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1607# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1608# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1609#
1610# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1611# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1612
1613# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1614#
1615# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1616# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1617#
1618# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1619# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1620# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1621# ...."
1622#
1623# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1624# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1625# </a>
1626# OR
1627# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1628# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1629# </a>
1630
1631# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1632# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1633
1634# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1635# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1636# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1637# instead of August 31.
1638#
1639# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1640# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1641# </a>
1642# OR
1643# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1644# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1645# </a>
1646
1647# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1648# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1649# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1650# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1651# official working."
1652# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1653# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1654# </a>
1655#
1656# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1657# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1658#
1659# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1660# April 08, 2009
1661# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1662# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1663# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1664# </a>
1665#
1666# or
1667#
1668# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1669# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1670# </a>
1671#
1672# ....
1673# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1674# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1675# conserve energy"
1676
1677# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-10):
1678# Assume for now that Pakistan will end DST in 2009 as it did in 2008.
1679
1680# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1681Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1682Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1683Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1684Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1685Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
1686Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1687# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1688Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1689 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1690 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1691 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1692 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1693 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1694
1695# Palestine
1696
1697# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1698#
1699# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1700# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1701# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1702#
1703# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1704# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1705# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1706# though.
1707#
1708# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1709# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1710# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1711# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1712# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1713# East Jerusalem.
1714#
1715# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1716# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1717# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1718# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1719# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1720#
1721# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1722# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1723# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1724# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1725# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1726# Jordanian one).
1727#
1728# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1729#
1730# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1731# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1732# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1733# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1734# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1735#
1736# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1737# have one).
1738
1739# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1740# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1741# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1742# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1743# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1744# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1745# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1746# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1747# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1748# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1749# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1750
1751# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1752# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1753#
1754# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1755# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1756# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1757# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1758
1759# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1760# Daoud Kuttab writes in
1761# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1762# Holiday havoc
1763# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1764# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1765# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1766# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1767# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1768
1769# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1770# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1771
1772# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1773# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
1774# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
1775# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
1776# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
1777
1778# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
1779# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
1780# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
1781# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
1782# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
1783# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
1784# the West Bank.
1785
1786# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
1787# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
1788# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
1789# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
1790# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
1791# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
1792# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
1793# because of the Ramadan.
1794
1795# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
1796# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
1797# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
1798
1799# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
1800# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
1801# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
1802# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
1803# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
1804# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
1805
1806# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1807# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
1808#
1809# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
1810# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
1811#
1812# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
1813# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
1814# </a>
1815# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
1816# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
1817# </a>
1818# or
1819# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
1820# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
1821# </a>
1822
1823# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
1824# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
1825# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
1826# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
1827#
1828# (in Arabic)
1829# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
1830# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
1831# </a>
1832#
1833# or
1834# (English translation)
1835# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
1836# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
1837# </a>
1838
| 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5
6# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
9
10# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
11#
12# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
13# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
14# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
15#
16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20# of the IATA's data after 1990.
21#
22# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
23# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
24#
25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
27# I found in the UCLA library.
28#
29# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
30# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
31#
32# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
33# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
34# Corrections are welcome!
35# std dst
36# LMT Local Mean Time
37# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
38# 2:00 IST IDT Israel
39# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
40# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
41# 4:00 GST Gulf*
42# 5:30 IST India
43# 7:00 ICT Indochina*
44# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
45# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
46# 8:00 CST China
47# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
48# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
49# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
50# 9:00 KST KDT Korea
51# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
52#
53# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
54
55# From Guy Harris:
56# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
57# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
58# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
59# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
60
61###############################################################################
62
63# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
65Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
66Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
67Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
68Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
69Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
70Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
71Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
72Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
73Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
74Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
75Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
76Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
77Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
78Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
79Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
80
81# Afghanistan
82# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
83Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
84 4:00 - AFT 1945
85 4:30 - AFT
86
87# Armenia
88# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
89# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
90# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
91# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
92# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
93# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
94# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
95# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
96# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
97# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
98Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
99 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
100 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
101 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
102 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
103 4:00 - AMT 1997
104 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
105
106# Azerbaijan
107# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
108# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
109# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
110# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
111Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
112Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
113# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
114Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
115 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
116 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
117 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
118 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
119 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
120 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
121 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
122
123# Bahrain
124# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
125Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
126 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
127 3:00 - AST
128
129# Bangladesh
130# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
131# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
132# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
133#
134# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
135# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
136# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
137# </a>
138# or
139# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
140# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
141# </a>
142#
143# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
144# June
145# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
146# crippling power crisis. "
147#
148# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
149# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
150
151# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
152# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
153# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
154#
155# Some sources:
156# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
157# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
158# </a>
159# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
160# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
161# </a>
162#
163# Our wrap-up:
164# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
165# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
166# </a>
167
168# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
169# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
170# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
171# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
172#
173# No DST end date has been announced yet.
174
175# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
176# Arbitrarily end DST at the end of 2009 so that a POSIX-sytle time zone string
177# can appear in the Dhaka binary file and for the benefit of old glibc
178# reimplementations of the time zone software that mishandle permanent DST.
179# A change will be required once the end date is known.
180
181# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
182Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
183 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
184 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
185 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
186 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
187 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
188 6:00 - BDT 2009 Jun 19 23:00 # Bangladesh Time
189 6:00 1:00 BDST 2010
190 6:00 - BDT
191
192# Bhutan
193# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
194Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
195 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
196 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
197
198# British Indian Ocean Territory
199# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
200# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
201# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
202# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
203# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
204# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
205Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
206 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
207 6:00 - IOT
208
209# Brunei
210# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
211Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
212 7:30 - BNT 1933
213 8:00 - BNT
214
215# Burma / Myanmar
216# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
217Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
218 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
219 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
220 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
221 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
222
223# Cambodia
224# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
225Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
226 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
227 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
228 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
229 7:00 - ICT
230
231# China
232
233# From Guy Harris:
234# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
235
236# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
237# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
238# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
239# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
240# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
241# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
242#
243# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
244# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
245# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
246#
247# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
248# 1987 mid-April - ??
249
250# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
251# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
252# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
253
254# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
255# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
256# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
257# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
258# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
259# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
260# pre-1980 time zones.
261
262# From Shanks & Pottenger:
263# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
264Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
265Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
266Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
267Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
268Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
269Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
270
271# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
272# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
273# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
274# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
275#
276# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
277# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
278# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
279# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
280# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
281# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
282# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
283# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
284# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
285# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
286
287# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
288# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
289# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
290# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
291# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
292# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
293# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
294# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
295#
296# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
297# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
298# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
299# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
300# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
301# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
302# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
303#
304# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
305# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
306# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
307# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
308# Shanks & Pottenger.
309
310# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
311# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
312# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
313Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
314 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
315 8:00 - CST 1940
316 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
317 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
318 8:00 PRC C%sT
319# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
320# most of China
321Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
322 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
323 8:00 PRC C%sT
324# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
325# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
326# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
327# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
328# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
329Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
330 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
331 8:00 PRC C%sT
332# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
333# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
334# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
335# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
336# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
337# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
338# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
339# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
340# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
341Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
342 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
343 8:00 PRC C%sT
344# Kunlun Time
345# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
346# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
347# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
348# and Yarkand.
349Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
350 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
351 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
352 8:00 PRC C%sT
353
354# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
355# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
356Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
357Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
358Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
359Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
360Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
361Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
362Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
363Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
364Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
365Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
366Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
367Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
368Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
369Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
370Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
372Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
373 8:00 HK HK%sT
374
375
376###############################################################################
377
378# Taiwan
379
380# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
381# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
382# have any other information.
383
384# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
385Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
386Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
387Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
388Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
389Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
390Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
391Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
392Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
393Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
394Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
395Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
396# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
397Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
398 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
399
400# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
401# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
402Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
403Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
404Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
405Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
406Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
407Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
408Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
409Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
410Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
411Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
412Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
413Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
414Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
415Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
417Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
418 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
419 8:00 PRC C%sT
420
421
422###############################################################################
423
424# Cyprus
425# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
426Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
427Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
428Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
429Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
430Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
431Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
432Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
433Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
434Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
435# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
436Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
437 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
438 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
439# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
440
441# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
442# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
443Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
444
445# Georgia
446# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
447# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
448# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
449# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
450# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
451#
452# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
453# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
454# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
455# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
456#
457# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
458#
459# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
460# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
461# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
462# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
463# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
464# of integration into Europe.
465
466# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
467# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
468# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
469# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
470# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
471# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
472# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
473# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
474# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
475
476
477# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
478Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
479 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
480 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
481 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
482 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
483 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
484 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
485 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
486 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
487 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
488 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
489 4:00 - GET
490
491# East Timor
492
493# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
494
495# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
496# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
497# East Timor may be late for its millennium
498# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
499# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
500# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
501# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
502# conflicts with their way of life.
503
504# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
505# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
506# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
507
508# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
509# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
510# (2000-08-16)</a>:
511# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
512# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
513# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
514# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
515
516# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
517Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
518 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
519 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
520 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
521 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
522 9:00 - TLT
523
524# India
525# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
526Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
527 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
528 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
529 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
530 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
531 5:30 - IST
532# The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
533# Andaman Is
534# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
535# Nicobar Is
536
537# Indonesia
538#
539# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
540# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
541# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
542# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
543# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
544#
545# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
546# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
547# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
548# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
549# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
550# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
551# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
552# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
553# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
554# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
555# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
556# switched on 1945-09-23.
557#
558# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
559Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
560# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
561# but this must be a typo.
562 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
563 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
564 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
565 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
566 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
567 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
568 7:30 - WIT 1964
569 7:00 - WIT
570Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
571 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
572 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
573 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
574 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
575 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
576 7:30 - WIT 1964
577 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
578 7:00 - WIT
579Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
580 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
581 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
582 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
583 8:00 - CIT
584Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
585 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
586 9:30 - CST 1964
587 9:00 - EIT
588
589# Iran
590
591# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
592# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
593# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
594#
595# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
596# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
597#
598# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
599#
600# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
601# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
602# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
603# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
604# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
605# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
606#
607# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
608# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
609# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
610# Shahrivar.
611#
612# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
613#
614# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
615# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
616# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
617# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
618# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
619# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
620#
621# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
622# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
623# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
624# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
625# plan to change that law....
626#
627# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
628# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
629# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
630# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
631# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
632# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
633#
634# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
635# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
636# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
637# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
638# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
639# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
640# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
641# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
642# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
643# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
644# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
645# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
646# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
647#
648# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
649# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
650# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
651#
652# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
653# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
654# daylight saving time ...
655# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
656#
657# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
658# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
659# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
660# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
661# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
662# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
663# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
664# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
665#
666# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
667Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
668Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
669Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
670Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
671Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
672Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
673Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
674Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
675Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
676Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
677Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
678Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
679Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
680Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
681Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
682Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
683Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
684Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
685Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
686Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
687Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
688Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
689Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
690Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
691Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
692Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
693Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
694Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
695Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
696Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
697Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
698Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
699Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
700Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
701Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
702Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
703Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
704Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
705Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
706Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
707Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
708Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
709Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
710Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
711Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
712Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
713Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
714Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
715Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
716# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
717Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
718 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
719 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
720 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
721 3:30 Iran IR%sT
722
723
724# Iraq
725#
726# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
727# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
728# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
729# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
730# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
731#
732# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
733# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
734# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
735# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
736# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
737#
738# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
739
740# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
741# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
742# news sources (in Arabic):
743# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
744# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
745# </a>
746# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
747# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
748# </a>
749#
750# We have published a short article in English about the change:
751# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
752# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
753# </a>
754
755# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
756Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
757Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
758Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
759Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
760Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
761Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
762# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
763# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
764#
765Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
766Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
767# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
768Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
769 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
770 3:00 - AST 1982 May
771 3:00 Iraq A%sT
772
773
774###############################################################################
775
776# Israel
777
778# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
779#
780# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
781# different abbreviations in use:
782#
783# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
784# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
785# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
786#
787# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
788# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
789# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
790# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
791# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
792# settings in Israeli computers.
793#
794# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
795# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
796# family is from India).
797
798# From Shanks & Pottenger:
799# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
800Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
801Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
802Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
803Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
804Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
805Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
806Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
807Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
808Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
809Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
810Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
811Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
812Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
813Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
814Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
815Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
816Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
817Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
818Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
819Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
820Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
821Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
822Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
823Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
824Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
825Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
826Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
827Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
828Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
829Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
830Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
831Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
832Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
833Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
834Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
835Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
836Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
837Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
838Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
839Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
840
841# From Ephraim Silverberg
842# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
843# and 2005-02-17):
844
845# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
846# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
847# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
848# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
849# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
850# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
851# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
852# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
853# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
854# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
855# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
856# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
857# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
858# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
859# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
860# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
861# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
862# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
863# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
864# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
865# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
866# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
867
868# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
869Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
870Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
871Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
872Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
873Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
874Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
875Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
876Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
877Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
878Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
879
880# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
881# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
882# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
883
884# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
885Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
886Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
887Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
888Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
889
890# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
891# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
892# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
893#
894# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
895#
896# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
897#
898# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
899#
900# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
901#
902# where YYYY is the relevant year.
903
904# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
905Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
906Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
907Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
908Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
909Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
910Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
911Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
912Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
913
914# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
915# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
916# years 2001-2004 as well.
917#
918# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
919#
920# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
921#
922# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
923# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
924#
925# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
926
927# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
928Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
929Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
930Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
931Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
932Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
933Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
934Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
935Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
936Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
937Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
938
939# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
940# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
941# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
942# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
943# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
944#
945# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
946#
947# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
948
949# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
950# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
951# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
952# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
953# to generate the transitions in this list.
954# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
955# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
956#
957# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
958#
959# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
960# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
961# springtime transitions explicitly.
962
963# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
964Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
965Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
966Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
967Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
968Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
969Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
970Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
971Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
972Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
973Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
974Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
975Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
976Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
977Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
978Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
979Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
980Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
981Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
982Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
983Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
984Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
985Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
986Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
987Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
988Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
989Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
990Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
991Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
992Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
993Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
994Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
995Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
996Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
997Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
998Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
999Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1000Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1001Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1002Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1003Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1004Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
1005Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1006Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
1007
1008# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1009Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
1010 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1011 2:00 Zion I%sT
1012
1013
1014
1015###############################################################################
1016
1017# Japan
1018
1019# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1020
1021# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1022# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1023# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1024# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1025
1026# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1027# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1028# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1029# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1030# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1031# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1032# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1033# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1034# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1035# wanted to keep it.)
1036
1037# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1038# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1039# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1040Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1041Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1042Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1043Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1044# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1045# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1046# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1047# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1048
1049# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1050# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1051# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1052# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1053# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1054# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1055# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1056
1057# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1058# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1059# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1060# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1061# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1062# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1063# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1064# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1065# standard....
1066#
1067# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1068# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1069
1070# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1071# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1072# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1073
1074# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1075Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1076 9:00 - JST 1896
1077 9:00 - CJT 1938
1078 9:00 Japan J%sT
1079# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1080
1081# Jordan
1082#
1083# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1084# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1085# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1086# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1087# all year round.
1088#
1089# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1090# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1091# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1092# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1093# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1094# government's departments from six to seven hours.
1095#
1096# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1097# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1098#
1099# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1100# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1101# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1102#
1103# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1104# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1105# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1106#
1107
1108# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1109# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1110# Jordan.
1111# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1112# saving
1113# time on the last Thursday in March.
1114#
1115# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1116#
1117# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1118# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1119# Please see
1120# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1121# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1122# </a>
1123
1124# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1125# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1126# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1127# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1128# </a>
1129#
1130# Google's translation:
1131#
1132# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1133# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1134# > of the month of March of each year.
1135#
1136# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1137
1138# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1139# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1140
1141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1142Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1143Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1144Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1145Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1146Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1147Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1148Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1149Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1150Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1151Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1152Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1153Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1154Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1155Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1156Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1157Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1158Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1159Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1160Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1161Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1162Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1163Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1164Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1165Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1166Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1167Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1168Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1169Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1170# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1171Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1172 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1173
1174
1175# Kazakhstan
1176
1177# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1178# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1179# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1180# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1181# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1182# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1183
1184# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1185# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1186# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1187# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1188# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1189#
1190# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1191# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1192# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1193
1194# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1195# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1196# </a>
1197# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1198# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1199# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1200#
1201# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1202# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1203# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1204# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1205# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1206# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1207# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1208# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1209# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1210
1211#
1212# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1213#
1214# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1215Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1216 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1217 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1218 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1219 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1220 6:00 - ALMT
1221# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1222Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1223 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1224 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1225 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1226 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1227 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1228 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1229 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1230 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1231 6:00 - QYZT
1232# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1233Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1234 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1235 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1236 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1237 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1238 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1239 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1240 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1241 5:00 - AQTT
1242# Mangghystau
1243# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1244# so include time stamps before 1963.
1245Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1246 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1247 5:00 - FORT 1963
1248 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1249 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1250 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1251 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1252 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1253 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1254 5:00 - AQTT
1255# West Kazakhstan
1256Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1257 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1258 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1259 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1260 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1261 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1262 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1263 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1264 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1265 5:00 - ORAT
1266
1267# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1268# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1269
1270# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1271# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1272# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1273# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1274# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1275# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1276# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1277# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1278
1279# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1280Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1281Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1282Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1283Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1284# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1285Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1286 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1287 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1288 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1289 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1290 6:00 - KGT
1291
1292###############################################################################
1293
1294# Korea (North and South)
1295
1296# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1297# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1298# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1299# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1300# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1301# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1302
1303# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1304# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1305Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1306Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1307Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1308Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1309
1310# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1311Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1312 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1313 9:00 - KST 1928
1314 8:30 - KST 1932
1315 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1316 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1317 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1318 9:00 ROK K%sT
1319Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1320 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1321 9:00 - KST 1928
1322 8:30 - KST 1932
1323 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1324 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1325 9:00 - KST
1326
1327###############################################################################
1328
1329# Kuwait
1330# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1331# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1332# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1333# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1334# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1335# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1336# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1337# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1338# so for now we assume no DST.
1339Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1340 3:00 - AST
1341
1342# Laos
1343# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1344Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1345 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1346 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1347 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1348 7:00 - ICT
1349
1350# Lebanon
1351# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1352Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1353Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1354Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1355Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1356Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1357Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1358Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1359Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1360Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1361Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1362Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1363Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1364Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1365Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1366Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1367Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1368Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1369Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1370Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1371Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1372Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1373Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1374Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1375Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1376# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1377Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1378 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1379
1380# Malaysia
1381# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1382Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1383Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1384#
1385# peninsular Malaysia
1386# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1387# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1388# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1389Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1390 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1391 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1392 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1393 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1394 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1395 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1396 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1397 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1398# Sabah & Sarawak
1399# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1400# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1401# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1402# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1403Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1404 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1405 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1406 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1407 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1408 8:00 - MYT
1409
1410# Maldives
1411# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1412Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1413 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1414 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1415
1416# Mongolia
1417
1418# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1419# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1420# both say that it has just one.
1421
1422# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1423# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1424# General Information Mongolia
1425# </a> (1999-09)
1426# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1427# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1428# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1429# eight hours."
1430
1431# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1432# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1433# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1434# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1435# of implementation may have been different....
1436# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1437# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1438# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1439
1440# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1441# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1442# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1443# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1444# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1445# is good enough for our purposes.
1446
1447# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1448# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1449# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1450# there are three time zones.
1451#
1452# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1453# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1454# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1455# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1456#
1457# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1458
1459# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1460# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1461# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1462# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1463#
1464# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1465# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1466# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1467
1468# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1469# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1470# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1471# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1472# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1473# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1474# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1475# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1476# He also found
1477# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1478# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1479# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1480# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1481# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1482# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1483# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1484# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1485
1486# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1487# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1488# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1489# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1490
1491# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1492# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1493# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1494# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1495# database on this, e.g.:
1496#
1497# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1498# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1499# </a>
1500# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1501# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1502# </a>
1503#
1504# both say GMT+08:00.
1505
1506# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1507# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1508# schedule here:
1509# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1510# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1511# </a>
1512# (click the English flag for English)
1513#
1514# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1515# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1516# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1517# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1518# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1519# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1520
1521# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1522# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1523# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1524# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1525# this is almost surely wrong.
1526
1527# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1528Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1529Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1530# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1531# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1532# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1533#
1534# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1535# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1536# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1537# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1538# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1539# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1540
1541Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1542Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1543# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1544Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1545Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1546Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1547
1548# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1549# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1550Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1551 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1552 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1553# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1554Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1555 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1556 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1557# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1558# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1559Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1560 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1561 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1562 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1563 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1564
1565# Nepal
1566# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1567Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1568 5:30 - IST 1986
1569 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1570
1571# Oman
1572# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1573Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1574 4:00 - GST
1575
1576# Pakistan
1577
1578# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1579# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1580# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1581# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1582# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1583# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1584
1585# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1586# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1587# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1588# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1589# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1590# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1591# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1592# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1593# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1594# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1595# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1596
1597# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1598# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1599# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1600
1601# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1602# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1603# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1604#
1605# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1606# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1607# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1608# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1609#
1610# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1611# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1612
1613# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1614#
1615# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1616# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1617#
1618# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1619# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1620# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1621# ...."
1622#
1623# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1624# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1625# </a>
1626# OR
1627# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1628# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1629# </a>
1630
1631# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1632# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1633
1634# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1635# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1636# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1637# instead of August 31.
1638#
1639# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1640# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1641# </a>
1642# OR
1643# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1644# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1645# </a>
1646
1647# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1648# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1649# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1650# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1651# official working."
1652# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1653# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1654# </a>
1655#
1656# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1657# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1658#
1659# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1660# April 08, 2009
1661# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1662# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1663# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1664# </a>
1665#
1666# or
1667#
1668# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1669# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1670# </a>
1671#
1672# ....
1673# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1674# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1675# conserve energy"
1676
1677# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-10):
1678# Assume for now that Pakistan will end DST in 2009 as it did in 2008.
1679
1680# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1681Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1682Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1683Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1684Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1685Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
1686Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1687# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1688Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1689 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1690 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1691 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1692 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1693 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1694
1695# Palestine
1696
1697# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1698#
1699# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1700# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1701# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1702#
1703# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1704# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1705# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1706# though.
1707#
1708# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1709# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1710# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1711# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1712# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1713# East Jerusalem.
1714#
1715# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1716# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1717# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1718# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1719# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1720#
1721# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1722# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1723# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1724# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1725# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1726# Jordanian one).
1727#
1728# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1729#
1730# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1731# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1732# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1733# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1734# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1735#
1736# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1737# have one).
1738
1739# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1740# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1741# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1742# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1743# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1744# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1745# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1746# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1747# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1748# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1749# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1750
1751# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1752# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1753#
1754# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1755# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1756# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1757# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1758
1759# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1760# Daoud Kuttab writes in
1761# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1762# Holiday havoc
1763# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1764# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1765# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1766# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1767# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1768
1769# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1770# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1771
1772# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1773# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
1774# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
1775# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
1776# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
1777
1778# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
1779# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
1780# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
1781# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
1782# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
1783# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
1784# the West Bank.
1785
1786# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
1787# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
1788# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
1789# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
1790# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
1791# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
1792# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
1793# because of the Ramadan.
1794
1795# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
1796# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
1797# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
1798
1799# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
1800# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
1801# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
1802# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
1803# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
1804# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
1805
1806# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1807# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
1808#
1809# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
1810# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
1811#
1812# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
1813# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
1814# </a>
1815# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
1816# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
1817# </a>
1818# or
1819# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
1820# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
1821# </a>
1822
1823# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
1824# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
1825# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
1826# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
1827#
1828# (in Arabic)
1829# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
1830# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
1831# </a>
1832#
1833# or
1834# (English translation)
1835# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
1836# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
1837# </a>
1838
|