1# @(#)antarctica 7.18
| 1# @(#)antarctica 7.21
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2 3# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 4# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 5# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 6# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 7# </a> 8# and 9# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 10# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 11# </a> 12# for information. 13# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 14# 15# Except for the French entries, 16# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
| 2 3# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 4# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 5# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 6# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 7# </a> 8# and 9# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 10# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 11# </a> 12# for information. 13# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 14# 15# Except for the French entries, 16# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
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17# FORMAT is `___' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
| 17# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
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18
| 18
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| 19# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 20# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 21Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 22Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 23Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 24Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 25Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 26Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 27Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 28Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 29Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 30
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19# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 20# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 21Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 22Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 23Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - 24Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 25Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 26Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 27Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 28Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 29Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 30Rule ChileAQ 1969 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S 31Rule ChileAQ 1970 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - 32Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S 33Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 - 34Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S 35Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - 36 37 38# Argentina - year-round bases 39# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 40# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 41# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 42# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 43# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 44# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 45# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 46 47# Australia - territories 48# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 49# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 50# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 51# Margaret Turner reports 52# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 53# presumably this is when they have visitors. 54# 55# year-round bases 56# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 57# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 58# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 59# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 60# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
| 31# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 32# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 33Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 34Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 35Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - 36Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 37Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 38Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 39Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 40Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 41Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 42Rule ChileAQ 1969 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S 43Rule ChileAQ 1970 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - 44Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S 45Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 - 46Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S 47Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - 48 49 50# Argentina - year-round bases 51# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 52# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 53# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 54# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 55# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 56# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 57# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 58 59# Australia - territories 60# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 61# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 62# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 63# Margaret Turner reports 64# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 65# presumably this is when they have visitors. 66# 67# year-round bases 68# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 69# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 70# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 71# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 72# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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61Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - ___ 1969
| 73Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
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62 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
| 74 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
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63Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 13
| 75Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
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64 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
| 76 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
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65 0 - ___ 1969 Feb
| 77 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
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66 7:00 - DAVT
| 78 7:00 - DAVT
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67Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb 13
| 79Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
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68 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time 69# References: 70# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 71# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 72# </a> 73# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 74# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 75# </a> 76# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 77# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 78# </a> 79 80# Brazil - year-round base 81# Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4 82 83# Chile - year-round bases 84# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 85# Frei, King George Is, -6214-05848, since 1969 86# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 87# Prat, -6230-05941 88 89# China - year-round bases 90# Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20 91# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26 92 93# France - year-round bases 94# 95# From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca@Renault.FR> (1997-01-20): 96# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 97# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 98# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 99# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 100# from Tasmania. 101# 102# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 103# 104# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 105# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 106# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 107# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 108# 109# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 110# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 111# 112# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
| 80 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time 81# References: 82# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 83# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 84# </a> 85# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 86# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 87# </a> 88# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 89# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 90# </a> 91 92# Brazil - year-round base 93# Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4 94 95# Chile - year-round bases 96# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 97# Frei, King George Is, -6214-05848, since 1969 98# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 99# Prat, -6230-05941 100 101# China - year-round bases 102# Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20 103# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26 104 105# France - year-round bases 106# 107# From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca@Renault.FR> (1997-01-20): 108# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 109# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 110# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 111# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 112# from Tasmania. 113# 114# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 115# 116# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 117# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 118# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 119# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 120# 121# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 122# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 123# 124# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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113Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
| 125Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
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114 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 115# 116# year-round base in the main continent 117# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 118# 119# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 120# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 121# 122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
| 126 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 127# 128# year-round base in the main continent 129# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 130# 131# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 132# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 133# 134# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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123Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - ___ 1947
| 135Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
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124 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
| 136 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
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125 0 - ___ 1956 Nov
| 137 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
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126 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 127# Reference: 128# <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html"> 129# Support and Development of Polar Research and Technology (1997-02-03) 130# </a> 131 132 133# Germany - year-round base 134# Georg von Neumayer 135 136# India - year-round base 137# Dakshin Gangotri 138 139# Japan - year-round bases 140# Dome Fuji 141# Syowa 142# 143# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 144# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. [See] 145# <a href="http://www.crl.go.jp/uk/uk201/basyo.htm">[reference in Japanese]</a> 146# and information from KAMO Hiroyasu <wd@ics.nara-wu.ac.jp>. 147# 148# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 149# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 150# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 151# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
| 138 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 139# Reference: 140# <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html"> 141# Support and Development of Polar Research and Technology (1997-02-03) 142# </a> 143 144 145# Germany - year-round base 146# Georg von Neumayer 147 148# India - year-round base 149# Dakshin Gangotri 150 151# Japan - year-round bases 152# Dome Fuji 153# Syowa 154# 155# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 156# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. [See] 157# <a href="http://www.crl.go.jp/uk/uk201/basyo.htm">[reference in Japanese]</a> 158# and information from KAMO Hiroyasu <wd@ics.nara-wu.ac.jp>. 159# 160# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 161# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 162# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 163# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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152Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 29
| 164Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
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153 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 154# See: 155# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 156# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 157# </a> 158 159# S Korea - year-round base 160# King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988 161 162# New Zealand - claims 163# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 164# Scott Island (never inhabited) 165# 166# year-round base 167# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 168# 169# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 170# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 171Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 172Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 174Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 175Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 176Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 178 179# Norway - territories 180# Bouvet (never inhabited) 181# 182# claims 183# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 184 185# Poland - year-round base 186# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 187 188# Russia - year-round bases 189# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 190# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
| 165 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 166# See: 167# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 168# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 169# </a> 170 171# S Korea - year-round base 172# King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988 173 174# New Zealand - claims 175# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 176# Scott Island (never inhabited) 177# 178# year-round base 179# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 180# 181# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 182# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 183Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 184Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 185Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 186Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 187Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 188Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 189Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 190 191# Norway - territories 192# Bouvet (never inhabited) 193# 194# claims 195# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 196 197# Poland - year-round base 198# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 199 200# Russia - year-round bases 201# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 202# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
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191# Molodezhnaya 192# Novolazarevskaya 193# Vostok
| 203# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 204# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 205# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
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194
| 206
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| 207# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 208# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 209# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 210# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 211# time as Moscow, Russia. 212# 213# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 214# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 215# what they had to say about time there: 216# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 217# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 218# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 219# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 220# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 221# 222Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 223 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 224
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195# S Africa - year-round bases 196# Marion Island 197# Sanae 198 199# UK 200# 201# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 202# South Orkney Islands 203# scientific station from 1903 204# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 205# South Shetland Islands
| 225# S Africa - year-round bases 226# Marion Island 227# Sanae 228 229# UK 230# 231# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 232# South Orkney Islands 233# scientific station from 1903 234# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 235# South Shetland Islands
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206# whaling station at Deception I 1912/1931 207# scientific station from 1943; 208# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 209# and a garrison was deployed briefly
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210# 211# year-round bases 212# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
| 236# 237# year-round bases 238# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
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213# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06
| 239# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 240# scientific station 1943/1967, 241# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 242# and a garrison was deployed briefly 243# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 244# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 245# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
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214# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 215 216# Uruguay - year round base 217# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 218 219# USA - year-round bases 220# 221# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 222# 223# From Ethan Dicks <erd@mcmsun5.mcmurdo.gov> (1996-10-06): 224# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 225# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 226# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 227# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 228# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 229# 230# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
| 246# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 247 248# Uruguay - year round base 249# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 250 251# USA - year-round bases 252# 253# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 254# 255# From Ethan Dicks <erd@mcmsun5.mcmurdo.gov> (1996-10-06): 256# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 257# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 258# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 259# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 260# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 261# 262# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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231Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - ___ 1965
| 263Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
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232 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 233 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 234 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 235# 236#
| 264 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 265 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 266 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 267# 268#
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237# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1956
| 269# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
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238# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
| 270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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239Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - ___ 1956
| 271Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
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240 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 241#
| 272 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 273#
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242# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, since 1957-01-23
| 274# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 275#
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243# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 244# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 245# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 246# 247# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27): 248# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 249# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 250# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 251# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 252# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 253# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 254# 255# From Susan Smith 256# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 257# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 258# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 259# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 260# One last quirk about South Pole time. 261# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 262# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 263# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 264# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 265# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 266# 267Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
| 276# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 277# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 278# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 279# 280# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27): 281# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 282# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 283# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 284# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 285# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 286# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 287# 288# From Susan Smith 289# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 290# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 291# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 292# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 293# One last quirk about South Pole time. 294# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 295# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 296# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 297# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 298# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 299# 300Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
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