1# @(#)antarctica 7.8
| 1# @(#)antarctica 7.14
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2 3# From Paul Eggert (1997-03-28): 4# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round;
| 2 3# From Paul Eggert (1997-03-28): 4# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round;
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5# see <URL:http://earth.agu.org/amen/nations.html> (1996-05-24) 6# and <URL:http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm> (1996-09-05).
| 5# see 6# <a href="http://earth.agu.org/amen/nations.html"> 7# Antarctic Activities of Member Nations of the Antarctic Treaty (1996-05-24) 8# </a> 9# and 10# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 11# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1996-09-05) 12# </a> 13# for information.
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7# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 8# 9# Except for the French entries, 10# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 11# FORMAT is `___' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 12 13# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 14# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 16Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 17Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - 18Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 19Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 20Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 21Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 22Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 23Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 24Rule ChileAQ 1969 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S 25Rule ChileAQ 1970 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - 26 27 28# Argentina - 6 year-round bases 29# General Belgrano II 30# 5 others 31 32# Australia - territories 33# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 34# 35# year-round bases 36# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, since 1969
| 14# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 15# 16# Except for the French entries, 17# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 18# FORMAT is `___' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 19 20# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 21# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 22Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 23Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 24Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - 25Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 26Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 27Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 28Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 29Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 30Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 31Rule ChileAQ 1969 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S 32Rule ChileAQ 1970 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - 33 34 35# Argentina - 6 year-round bases 36# General Belgrano II 37# 5 others 38 39# Australia - territories 40# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 41# 42# year-round bases 43# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, since 1969
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37# Davis, Vestfold Hills, since 1957-01-13 (except 1965-01 - 1969-02)
| 44# Davis, Vestfold Hills, since 1957-01-13 (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
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38# Mawson, Holme Bay, since 1954-02-13 39# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 40Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - ___ 1969 41 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
| 45# Mawson, Holme Bay, since 1954-02-13 46# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 47Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - ___ 1969 48 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
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42#Zone Antartica/Davis unknown
| 49Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 13 50 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 51 0 - ___ 1969 Feb 52 7:00 - DAVT
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43Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb 13 44 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time 45# References:
| 53Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb 13 54 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time 55# References:
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46# <URL:http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html> (1996-07-15) 47# <URL:http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html> (1996-04-19)
| 56# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 57# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 58# </a> 59# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 60# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 61# </a> 62# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 63# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 64# </a>
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48 49# Brazil - year-round base 50# Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4 51 52# Chile - 4 year-round bases 53 54# China - year-round bases 55# Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20 56# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26 57 58# Finland - year-round base 59# Aboa, Queen Maud Land, since 1988 60 61# France - year-round bases 62# 63# From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca@Renault.FR> (1997-01-20): 64# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 65# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 66# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 67# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 68# from Tasmania. 69# 70# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 71# 72# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 73# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 74# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 75# a whaling and sealing station operated 1908-14, 1920-29, and 1951-56 76# 77# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited since 1931 78# 79# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 80Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 81 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 82# 83# year-round base in the main continent 84# Dumont-d'Urville, Terre Adelie (Adelie Land), -6640+14001, since 1956-11 85# 86# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 87# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 88# 89# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 90Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - ___ 1947 91 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 92 0 - ___ 1956 Nov 93 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 94# Reference:
| 65 66# Brazil - year-round base 67# Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4 68 69# Chile - 4 year-round bases 70 71# China - year-round bases 72# Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20 73# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26 74 75# Finland - year-round base 76# Aboa, Queen Maud Land, since 1988 77 78# France - year-round bases 79# 80# From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca@Renault.FR> (1997-01-20): 81# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 82# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 83# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 84# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 85# from Tasmania. 86# 87# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 88# 89# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 90# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 91# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 92# a whaling and sealing station operated 1908-14, 1920-29, and 1951-56 93# 94# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited since 1931 95# 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 98 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 99# 100# year-round base in the main continent 101# Dumont-d'Urville, Terre Adelie (Adelie Land), -6640+14001, since 1956-11 102# 103# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 104# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 105# 106# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 107Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - ___ 1947 108 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 109 0 - ___ 1956 Nov 110 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 111# Reference:
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95# <URL:http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html> (1996-09-10)
| 112# <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html"> 113# Support and Development of Polar Research and Technology (1997-02-03) 114# </a>
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96 97 98# Germany - year-round base 99# Georg von Neumayer 100 101# India - year-round base 102# Dakshin Gangotri 103 104# Japan - year-round bases 105# Dome Fuji 106# Syowa 107 108# S Korea - year-round base 109# King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988 110 111# New Zealand - claims 112# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 113# Scott Island (never inhabited) 114# 115# year-round base 116# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 117# 118# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 119# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 120Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 121Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 122Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 123Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 124Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 125Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 126Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 127 128# Norway - territories 129# Bouvet (never inhabited) 130# 131# claims 132# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 133 134# Poland - year-round base 135# Arctowski, King George Island, since 1977 136 137# Russia - year-round bases 138# Bellingshausen, King George Island 139# Mirny 140# Molodezhnaya 141# Novolazarevskaya 142# Vostok 143 144# S Africa - year-round bases 145# Marion Island 146# Sanae 147 148# UK 149# 150# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 151# South Orkney Islands 152# scientific station from 1903 153# whaling station at Signy I 1920-1926 154# South Shetland Islands 155# whaling station at Deception I 1912-1931 156# scientific station from 1943 157# 158# year-round bases 159# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06 160# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 161 162# Uruguay - year round base 163# Artigas, King George Island 164 165# USA - year-round bases 166# 167# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 168# 169# From Ethan Dicks <erd@mcmsun5.mcmurdo.gov> (1996-10-06): 170# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 171# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 172# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 173# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 174# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 175# 176# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 177Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - ___ 1965 178 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 179 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 180 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 181# 182# 183# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1956 184# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 185Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - ___ 1956 186 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 187# 188# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, since 1957-01-23 189# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 190# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 191# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 192# 193# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27): 194# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 195# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 196# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 197# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 198# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 199# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 200#
| 115 116 117# Germany - year-round base 118# Georg von Neumayer 119 120# India - year-round base 121# Dakshin Gangotri 122 123# Japan - year-round bases 124# Dome Fuji 125# Syowa 126 127# S Korea - year-round base 128# King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988 129 130# New Zealand - claims 131# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 132# Scott Island (never inhabited) 133# 134# year-round base 135# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 136# 137# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 138# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 139Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 140Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 141Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 142Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 143Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 144Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 145Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 146 147# Norway - territories 148# Bouvet (never inhabited) 149# 150# claims 151# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 152 153# Poland - year-round base 154# Arctowski, King George Island, since 1977 155 156# Russia - year-round bases 157# Bellingshausen, King George Island 158# Mirny 159# Molodezhnaya 160# Novolazarevskaya 161# Vostok 162 163# S Africa - year-round bases 164# Marion Island 165# Sanae 166 167# UK 168# 169# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 170# South Orkney Islands 171# scientific station from 1903 172# whaling station at Signy I 1920-1926 173# South Shetland Islands 174# whaling station at Deception I 1912-1931 175# scientific station from 1943 176# 177# year-round bases 178# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06 179# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 180 181# Uruguay - year round base 182# Artigas, King George Island 183 184# USA - year-round bases 185# 186# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 187# 188# From Ethan Dicks <erd@mcmsun5.mcmurdo.gov> (1996-10-06): 189# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 190# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 191# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 192# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 193# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 194# 195# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 196Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - ___ 1965 197 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 198 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 199 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 200# 201# 202# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1956 203# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 204Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - ___ 1956 205 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 206# 207# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, since 1957-01-23 208# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 209# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 210# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 211# 212# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27): 213# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 214# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 215# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 216# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 217# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 218# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 219#
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201# From Susan Smith <URL:http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html> 202# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300): We use the same time as McMurdo does.
| 220# From Susan Smith 221# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 222# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 223# We use the same time as McMurdo does.
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203# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 204# One last quirk about South Pole time. 205# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 206# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 207# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 208# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 209# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 210# 211Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
| 224# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 225# One last quirk about South Pole time. 226# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 227# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 228# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 229# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 230# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 231# 232Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
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