| traceroute.8 (51949) | traceroute.8 (77816) |
|---|---|
| 1.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1995, 1996 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted 5.\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are 6.\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, 7.\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such 8.\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed 9.\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the 10.\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived 11.\" from this software without specific prior written permission. 12.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR 13.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED 14.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 15.\" 16.\" $Header: traceroute.8,v 1.7 96/09/27 20:02:41 leres Exp $ | 1.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1995, 1996 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted 5.\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are 6.\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, 7.\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such 8.\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed 9.\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the 10.\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived 11.\" from this software without specific prior written permission. 12.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR 13.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED 14.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 15.\" 16.\" $Header: traceroute.8,v 1.7 96/09/27 20:02:41 leres Exp $ |
| 17.\" $FreeBSD: head/contrib/traceroute/traceroute.8 51949 1999-10-05 15:20:45Z obrien $ | 17.\" $FreeBSD: head/contrib/traceroute/traceroute.8 77816 2001-06-06 16:12:59Z ru $ |
| 18.\" 19.TH TRACEROUTE 8 "27 September 1996" 20.UC 6 21.SH NAME 22traceroute \- print the route packets take to network host 23.SH SYNOPSIS 24.. while ((op = getopt(argc, argv, "dnrvg:M:m:P:p:q:s:t:w:")) != EOF) 25.na --- 66 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 92Specify a loose source route gateway (8 maximum). 93.TP 94.B \-M 95Set the initial time-to-live value used in outgoing probe packets. 96The default is 1, i.e., start with the first hop. 97.TP 98.B \-m 99Set the max time-to-live (max number of hops) used in outgoing probe | 18.\" 19.TH TRACEROUTE 8 "27 September 1996" 20.UC 6 21.SH NAME 22traceroute \- print the route packets take to network host 23.SH SYNOPSIS 24.. while ((op = getopt(argc, argv, "dnrvg:M:m:P:p:q:s:t:w:")) != EOF) 25.na --- 66 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 92Specify a loose source route gateway (8 maximum). 93.TP 94.B \-M 95Set the initial time-to-live value used in outgoing probe packets. 96The default is 1, i.e., start with the first hop. 97.TP 98.B \-m 99Set the max time-to-live (max number of hops) used in outgoing probe |
| 100packets. The default is 30 hops (the same default used for TCP | 100packets. The default is 101.I net.inet.ip.ttl 102hops (the same default used for TCP |
| 101connections). 102.TP 103.B \-n 104Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically and numerically 105(saves a nameserver address-to-name lookup for each gateway found on the 106path). 107.TP 108.B \-P --- 59 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 168sec.). 169.PP 170This program attempts to trace the route an IP packet would follow to some 171internet host by launching UDP probe 172packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an 173ICMP "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes 174with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an ICMP "port 175unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which | 103connections). 104.TP 105.B \-n 106Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically and numerically 107(saves a nameserver address-to-name lookup for each gateway found on the 108path). 109.TP 110.B \-P --- 59 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 170sec.). 171.PP 172This program attempts to trace the route an IP packet would follow to some 173internet host by launching UDP probe 174packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an 175ICMP "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes 176with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an ICMP "port 177unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which |
| 176defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the \-m flag). Three | 178defaults to 179.I net.inet.ip.ttl 180hops & can be changed with the \-m flag). Three |
| 177probes (change with \-q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a 178line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and 179round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from 180different gateways, the address of each responding system will 181be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout 182interval (changed with the \-w flag), a "*" is printed for that 183probe. 184.PP 185We don't want the destination 186host to process the UDP probe packets so the destination port is set to an 187unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that 188value, it can be changed with the \-p flag). 189.PP 190A sample use and output might be: 191 192.RS 193.nf 194[yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net. | 181probes (change with \-q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a 182line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and 183round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from 184different gateways, the address of each responding system will 185be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout 186interval (changed with the \-w flag), a "*" is printed for that 187probe. 188.PP 189We don't want the destination 190host to process the UDP probe packets so the destination port is set to an 191unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that 192value, it can be changed with the \-p flag). 193.PP 194A sample use and output might be: 195 196.RS 197.nf 198[yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net. |
| 195traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 38 byte packet | 199traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 64 hops max, 38 byte packet |
| 196 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms 197 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms 198 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms 199 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms 200 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms 201 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms 202 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms 203 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms --- 10 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 214the packets are taking cross-country since the NSFNet (129.140) 215doesn't supply address-to-name translations for its NSSes. 216.PP 217A more interesting example is: 218 219.RS 220.nf 221[yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu. | 200 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms 201 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms 202 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms 203 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms 204 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms 205 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms 206 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms 207 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms --- 10 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 218the packets are taking cross-country since the NSFNet (129.140) 219doesn't supply address-to-name translations for its NSSes. 220.PP 221A more interesting example is: 222 223.RS 224.nf 225[yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu. |
| 222traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max | 226traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 64 hops max |
| 223 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms 224 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms 225 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms 226 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms 227 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms 228 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms 229 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms 230 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms --- 107 unchanged lines hidden --- | 227 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms 228 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms 229 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms 230 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms 231 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms 232 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms 233 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms 234 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms --- 107 unchanged lines hidden --- |