1/*-
2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.
8 *
9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 * are met:
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 * without specific prior written permission.
20 *
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31 * SUCH DAMAGE.
32 */
33
34#if 0
35#ifndef lint
36static char const copyright[] =
37"@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
38 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
39#endif /* not lint */
40
41#ifndef lint
42static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
43#endif /* not lint */
44#endif
45#include <sys/cdefs.h>
|
80size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */
81uintmax_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */
82const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */
83char fill_char; /* Character to fill with if defined */
84volatile sig_atomic_t need_summary;
85
86int
87main(int argc __unused, char *argv[])
88{
89 (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
90 jcl(argv);
91 setup();
92
93 (void)signal(SIGINFO, siginfo_handler);
94 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate);
95
96 atexit(summary);
97
98 while (files_cnt--)
99 dd_in();
100
101 dd_close();
102 /*
103 * Some devices such as cfi(4) may perform significant amounts
104 * of work when a write descriptor is closed. Close the out
105 * descriptor explicitly so that the summary handler (called
106 * from an atexit() hook) includes this work.
107 */
108 close(out.fd);
109 exit(0);
110}
111
112static int
113parity(u_char c)
114{
115 int i;
116
117 i = c ^ (c >> 1) ^ (c >> 2) ^ (c >> 3) ^
118 (c >> 4) ^ (c >> 5) ^ (c >> 6) ^ (c >> 7);
119 return (i & 1);
120}
121
122static void
123setup(void)
124{
125 u_int cnt;
126 struct timeval tv;
127
128 if (in.name == NULL) {
129 in.name = "stdin";
130 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
131 } else {
132 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0);
133 if (in.fd == -1)
134 err(1, "%s", in.name);
135 }
136
137 getfdtype(&in);
138
139 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE))
140 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices");
141
142 if (out.name == NULL) {
143 /* No way to check for read access here. */
144 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
145 out.name = "stdout";
146 } else {
147#define OFLAGS \
148 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
149 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
150 /*
151 * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
152 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
153 * not support seeks.
154 */
155 if (out.fd == -1) {
156 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
157 out.flags |= NOREAD;
158 }
159 if (out.fd == -1)
160 err(1, "%s", out.name);
161 }
162
163 getfdtype(&out);
164
165 /*
166 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing
167 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
168 */
169 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) {
170 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL)
171 err(1, "input buffer");
172 out.db = in.db;
173 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL ||
174 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL)
175 err(1, "output buffer");
176 in.dbp = in.db;
177 out.dbp = out.db;
178
179 /* Position the input/output streams. */
180 if (in.offset)
181 pos_in();
182 if (out.offset)
183 pos_out();
184
185 /*
186 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file
187 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out.
188 */
189 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) &&
190 out.flags & ISTRUNC)
191 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1)
192 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name);
193
194 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE | C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC | C_PARITY)) {
195 if (ctab != NULL) {
196 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
197 casetab[cnt] = ctab[cnt];
198 } else {
199 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
200 casetab[cnt] = cnt;
201 }
202 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY) && !(ddflags & C_ASCII)) {
203 /*
204 * If the input is not EBCDIC, and we do parity
205 * processing, strip input parity.
206 */
207 for (cnt = 200; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
208 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt & 0x7f];
209 }
210 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
211 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
212 casetab[cnt] = tolower(casetab[cnt]);
213 } else if (ddflags & C_UCASE) {
214 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
215 casetab[cnt] = toupper(casetab[cnt]);
216 }
217 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY)) {
218 /*
219 * This should strictly speaking be a no-op, but I
220 * wonder what funny LANG settings could get us.
221 */
222 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
223 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] & 0x7f;
224 }
225 if ((ddflags & C_PARSET)) {
226 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
227 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
228 }
229 if ((ddflags & C_PAREVEN)) {
230 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
231 if (parity(casetab[cnt]))
232 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
233 }
234 if ((ddflags & C_PARODD)) {
235 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
236 if (!parity(casetab[cnt]))
237 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
238 }
239
240 ctab = casetab;
241 }
242
243 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
244 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
245}
246
247static void
248getfdtype(IO *io)
249{
250 struct stat sb;
251 int type;
252
253 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1)
254 err(1, "%s", io->name);
255 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
256 io->flags |= ISTRUNC;
257 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) {
258 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) {
259 err(1, "%s", io->name);
260 } else {
261 if (type & D_TAPE)
262 io->flags |= ISTAPE;
263 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM))
264 io->flags |= ISSEEK;
265 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0)
266 io->flags |= ISCHR;
267 }
268 return;
269 }
270 errno = 0;
271 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
272 io->flags |= ISPIPE;
273 else
274 io->flags |= ISSEEK;
275}
276
277static void
278dd_in(void)
279{
280 ssize_t n;
281
282 for (;;) {
283 switch (cpy_cnt) {
284 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */
285 return;
286 case 0:
287 break;
288 default:
289 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (uintmax_t)cpy_cnt)
290 return;
291 break;
292 }
293
294 /*
295 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations,
296 * use spaces.
297 */
298 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) {
299 if (ddflags & C_FILL)
300 memset(in.dbp, fill_char, in.dbsz);
301 else if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
302 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz);
303 else
304 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz);
305 }
306
307 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz);
308 if (n == 0) {
309 in.dbrcnt = 0;
310 return;
311 }
312
313 /* Read error. */
314 if (n == -1) {
315 /*
316 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that
317 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
318 */
319 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR))
320 err(1, "%s", in.name);
321 warn("%s", in.name);
322 summary();
323
324 /*
325 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the
326 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
327 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
328 * in sector size chunks.
329 */
330 if (in.flags & ISSEEK &&
331 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR))
332 warn("%s", in.name);
333
334 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
335 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC))
336 continue;
337
338 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
339 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
340 ++st.in_full;
341
342 /* Handle full input blocks. */
343 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) {
344 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
345 ++st.in_full;
346
347 /* Handle partial input blocks. */
348 } else {
349 /* If sync, use the entire block. */
350 if (ddflags & C_SYNC)
351 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
352 else
353 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
354 ++st.in_part;
355 }
356
357 /*
358 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
359 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
360 * is output without buffering as it is read.
361 */
362 if ((ddflags & ~(C_NOERROR | C_NOTRUNC | C_SYNC)) == C_BS) {
363 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt;
364 dd_out(1);
365 in.dbcnt = 0;
366 continue;
367 }
368
369 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) {
370 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) {
371 ++st.swab;
372 --n;
373 }
374 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n);
375 }
376
377 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt;
378 (*cfunc)();
379 if (need_summary) {
380 summary();
381 }
382 }
383}
384
385/*
386 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file
387 * is truncated.
388 */
389static void
390dd_close(void)
391{
392 if (cfunc == def)
393 def_close();
394 else if (cfunc == block)
395 block_close();
396 else if (cfunc == unblock)
397 unblock_close();
398 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) {
399 if (ddflags & C_FILL)
400 memset(out.dbp, fill_char, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
401 else if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
402 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
403 else
404 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
405 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz;
406 }
407 if (out.dbcnt || pending)
408 dd_out(1);
409}
410
411void
412dd_out(int force)
413{
414 u_char *outp;
415 size_t cnt, i, n;
416 ssize_t nw;
417 static int warned;
418 int sparse;
419
420 /*
421 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full
422 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
423 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write,
424 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit.
425 *
426 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block
427 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
428 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
429 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1)
430 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
431 * never happened.
432 *
433 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
434 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
435 */
436 outp = out.db;
437 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) {
438 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) {
439 sparse = 0;
440 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) {
441 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */
442 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
443 if (outp[i] != 0) {
444 sparse = 0;
445 break;
446 }
447 }
448 if (sparse && !force) {
449 pending += cnt;
450 nw = cnt;
451 } else {
452 if (pending != 0) {
453 if (force)
454 pending--;
455 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) ==
456 -1)
457 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file",
458 out.name);
459 if (force)
460 write(out.fd, outp, 1);
461 pending = 0;
462 }
463 if (cnt)
464 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt);
465 else
466 return;
467 }
468
469 if (nw <= 0) {
470 if (nw == 0)
471 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name);
472 if (errno != EINTR)
473 err(1, "%s", out.name);
474 nw = 0;
475 }
476 outp += nw;
477 st.bytes += nw;
478 if ((size_t)nw == n) {
479 if (n != out.dbsz)
480 ++st.out_part;
481 else
482 ++st.out_full;
483 break;
484 }
485 ++st.out_part;
486 if ((size_t)nw == cnt)
487 break;
488 if (out.flags & ISTAPE)
489 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device",
490 out.name);
491 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) {
492 warned = 1;
493 warnx("%s: short write on character device",
494 out.name);
495 }
496 }
497 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz)
498 break;
499 }
500
501 /* Reassemble the output block. */
502 if (out.dbcnt)
503 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt);
504 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt;
505}
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