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1.\"-
2.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
3.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4.\"
5.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6.\" Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego.
7.\"
8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

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25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
31.\"
32.\" @(#)dd.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 1/13/94
33.\" $FreeBSD: head/bin/dd/dd.1 264059 2014-04-03 00:55:16Z delphij $
34.\"
35.Dd April 2, 2014
36.Dt DD 1
37.Os
38.Sh NAME
39.Nm dd
40.Nd convert and copy a file
41.Sh SYNOPSIS
42.Nm
43.Op Ar operands ...

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151blocks from the beginning of the input before copying.
152On input which supports seeks, an
153.Xr lseek 2
154operation is used.
155Otherwise, input data is read and discarded.
156For pipes, the correct number of bytes is read.
157For all other devices, the correct number of blocks is read without
158distinguishing between a partial or complete block being read.
159.It Cm status Ns = Ns Ar value
160Where
161.Cm value
162is one of the symbols from the following list.
163.Bl -tag -width ".Cm noxfer"
164.It Cm noxfer
165Do not print the transfer statistics as the last line of status output.
166.It Cm none
167Do not print the status output.
168Error messages are shown; informational messages are not.
169.El
170.It Cm conv Ns = Ns Ar value Ns Op , Ns Ar value ...
171Where
172.Cm value
173is one of the symbols from the following list.
174.Bl -tag -width ".Cm unblock"
175.It Cm ascii , oldascii
176The same as the
177.Cm unblock

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416.Sh STANDARDS
417The
418.Nm
419utility is expected to be a superset of the
420.St -p1003.2
421standard.
422The
423.Cm files
424and
425.Cm status
426operands and the
427.Cm ascii ,
428.Cm ebcdic ,
429.Cm ibm ,
430.Cm oldascii ,
431.Cm oldebcdic
432and
433.Cm oldibm
434values are extensions to the
435.Tn POSIX
436standard.
437.Sh BUGS
438Protection mechanisms in the
439.Xr geom 4
440subsystem might prevent the super-user from writing blocks to a disk.
441Instructions for temporarily disabling these protection mechanisms can be
442found in the
443.Xr geom 4
444manpage.