| europe (43014) | europe (43543) |
|---|---|
| 1# @(#)europe 7.57 | 1# @(#)europe 7.58 |
| 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), 10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995). 11# 12# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source 13# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 14# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 15# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 16# of the IATA's data after 1990. 17# 18# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 19# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 20# | 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), 10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995). 11# 12# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source 13# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 14# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 15# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 16# of the IATA's data after 1990. 17# 18# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 19# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 20# |
| 21# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 22# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 23# I found in the UCLA library. | 21# Other sources occasionally used include: |
| 24# | 22# |
| 23# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 25# which I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 28# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 29# History of Summer Time 30# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 31 32# |
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| 25# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 26# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 27# Corrections are welcome! 28# std dst 29# LMT Local Mean Time 30# -4:00 AST Atlantic 31# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 32# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* --- 77 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 110# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 111# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 112# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2. 113# 114# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 115# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much 116# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time. 117 | 33# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 34# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 35# Corrections are welcome! 36# std dst 37# LMT Local Mean Time 38# -4:00 AST Atlantic 39# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 40# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* --- 77 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 118# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 119# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 120# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2. 121# 122# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 123# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much 124# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time. 125 |
| 118# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12): | 126# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30): |
| 119# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), | 127# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), |
| 120# a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907) | 128# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 129# who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907) |
| 121# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 122# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 123# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 124# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 125# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 126 127# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 128# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' --- 966 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1095Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1096Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1097Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1098Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1099Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1100Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 1101Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1102Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S | 130# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 131# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 132# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 133# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 134# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 135 136# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 137# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' --- 966 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1104Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1105Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1106Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1107Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1108Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1109Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 1110Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1111Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1112# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 1113# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 1114# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 1115# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. |
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| 1103Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1104Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1105Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1106Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1107Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 1108Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 1109Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 1110Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S --- 124 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1235# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1236# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1237# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1238# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1239# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1240# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1241# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1242# summer time next spring.'' | 1116Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1117Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1118Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1119Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1120Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 1121Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 1122Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 1123Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S --- 124 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1248# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1249# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1250# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1251# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1252# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1253# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1254# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1255# summer time next spring.'' |
| 1256 1257# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1258# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 1259# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1260# </a> 1261# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1262# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 1263# 1264# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1265# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1266# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1267 |
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| 1243# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1244Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1245 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1246 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1247 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1248 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1249 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1250 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1251 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1252 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s | 1268# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1269Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1270 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1271 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1272 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1273 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1274 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1275 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1276 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1277 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s |
| 1253 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 | 1278 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 |
| 1254 2:00 EU EE%sT 1255 1256# Finland 1257# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted. 1258# 1259# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): 1260# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1261# and it's supposed to change at 4am... --- 24 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1286Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1287Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1288Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1289Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1290Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1291Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1292Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1293Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S | 1279 2:00 EU EE%sT 1280 1281# Finland 1282# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted. 1283# 1284# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): 1285# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1286# and it's supposed to change at 4am... --- 24 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1311Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1312Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1313Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1314Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1315Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1316Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1317Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1318Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1319# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1320# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1321# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks. |
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| 1294Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1295Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1296Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1297Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1298Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1299Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1300Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1301Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S --- 486 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1788 1:00 EU CE%sT 1789 1790# Norway 1791# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. 1792# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1793# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. 1794Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1795Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - | 1322Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1323Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1324Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1325Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1326Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1327Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1328Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1329Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S --- 486 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1816 1:00 EU CE%sT 1817 1818# Norway 1819# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. 1820# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1821# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. 1822Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1823Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
| 1796# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman. 1797Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 S 1798# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4, 1799# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940. | 1824# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04, 1825# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks. |
| 1800Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1801Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1802Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1803Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1804Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1805# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1806Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 1807 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 --- 61 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1869# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1870# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1871# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1872# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 1873# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 1874# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 1875# 1876# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1826Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1827Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1828Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1829Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1830Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1831# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1832Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 1833 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 --- 61 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1895# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1896# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1897# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1898# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 1899# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 1900# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 1901# 1902# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1903# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 1904# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1905# Go with Shanks. |
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| 1877Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1878# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1879Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1880Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1881Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1882Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1883Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1884Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S --- 553 unchanged lines hidden --- | 1906Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1907# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1908Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1909Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1910Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1911Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1912Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1913Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S --- 553 unchanged lines hidden --- |