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1# @(#)europe 7.46
1# @(#)europe 7.57
2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
11#
12# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
13# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
14# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
15# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
16# of the IATA's data after 1990.
17#
18# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,

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32# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
33# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
34# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
35# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
36# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
37# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
38# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
39#
11#
12# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
13# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
14# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
15# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
16# of the IATA's data after 1990.
17#
18# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,

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32# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
33# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
34# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
35# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
36# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
37# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
38# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
39#
40# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
41#
42# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
43# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
44# Oxford University Press (1980).
45
46# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
47# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
48# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
49# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.

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62# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
63# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
64# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
65# in the Directive.
66
67
68###############################################################################
69
40# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
41# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
42# Oxford University Press (1980).
43
44# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
45# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
46# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
47# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.

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60# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
61# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
62# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
63# in the Directive.
64
65
66###############################################################################
67
70# United Kingdom
68# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
71# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
72
73# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
74#
75# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
76# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
77# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
78# of the text said:

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138# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
139
140# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
141# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
142# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
143# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
144# politics making a fortune, not computing.
145
69# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
70
71# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
72#
73# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
74# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
75# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
76# of the text said:

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136# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
137
138# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
139# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
140# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
141# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
142# politics making a fortune, not computing.
143
146# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
144# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
145# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
146# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
147# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
148# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
149
150# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19):
151# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time
152# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about
153# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
147#
154#
148# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation
149# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift
150# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the
151# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993
152# and 1994 are:
153# Start End
154# 1993 28 March 24 October
155# 1994 27 March 23 October
156# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.
155# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that
156# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem
157# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to
158# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They
159# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time
160# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer
161# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual
162# volumes.
157#
163#
158# There [was] an error in your tables for the start and end times prior to 1981.
159# The UK always used to change at 02:00 GMT. In 1981 it changed to 01:00 GMT
160# as a part of EC harmonisation and has remained at that time since.
164# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
165# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
166# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
167# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter),
168# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders
169# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives.
161#
170#
162# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the
163# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order
164# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day
165# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in
166# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday.
167# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday
168# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.)
169# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by
170# an Order in Council (a Statutory Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
171# to specify the EC specified dates.
172
173# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18):
171# Some definitions:
174#
172#
175# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department
176# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following,
177# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers,
178# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60:
173# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales
174# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern
175# Ireland (since 1922)
176# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation
177# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation
179#
178#
180# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
181# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
182# regarding double summer time.
179# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed
180# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man
181# or the Channel Islands.
183#
182#
184# [two other similar questions omitted]
183# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't
184# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things
185# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to
186# check these documents again.
185#
187#
186# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
187# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
188# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
189# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
190# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
191# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
192# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from
193# Monday, 2nd April.'
194
195# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
196# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
197# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
198# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
199# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
200
201# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
188# ---
202#
189#
203# > # Current rules
204# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
205# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
190# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9)
206#
191#
207# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth
208# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't
209# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then
210# and I don't know what previous ones said. 1995 is the next year with
211# the 4th Sun on 22 Oct, but that year isn't covered by the UK Summer Time
212# Order or the sixth EC directive. Your Oct Sun>=23 rule matches history
213# and with things only announced for 2 years or so in advance who knows
214# what will happen.
192# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain
193# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding
194# various forms of local mean time.
215#
195#
216# There are renewed rumours that the Government here will make another
217# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start
218# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically
219# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want
220# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone
221# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap
222# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should
223# be the end of it.
224
225# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-22):
196# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???)
226#
197#
227# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all.
228# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland
229# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the
230# summer months'.
198# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have
199# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't
200# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition,
201# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain.
231#
202#
232# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever
233# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years.
203# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62)
234#
204#
235# Section 4 states: `This act shall apply to Ireland in like manner as it
236# applies to Great Britain, with the substitution however of references
237# to Dublin mean time for references to Greenwich mean time.'
205# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation
206# to the Isle of Man.
238#
207#
239# Lorna, my learned legal friend who supplied it, also offers this quote
240# from Halsbury's Statutes on the extent of Acts:
208# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14)
241#
209#
242# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
243# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
244# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
245# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
246# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
210# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland.
211# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of
212# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT).
213# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration
214# of the then current war.
247#
215#
248# She goes on to say the seminal event of 1922 was the establishment of
249# the Irish Free State, now called Eire.
216# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45)
250#
217#
251# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert
252# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales
253# was different.
218# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916,
219# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind
220# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back.
221# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure
222# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence
223# would have been:
224# Dublin London
225# 02:34:38 IST 02:59:59 BST
226# 02:34:39 IST 02:00:00 GMT
227# 02:59:59 IST 02:25:20 GMT
228# 02:25:21 GMT 02:25:21 GMT
229# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once.
254#
230#
255# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then,
256# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct.
257
258# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-28):
231# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382
259#
232#
260# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of
261# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916.
233# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914
234# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated
235# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that
236# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same
237# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom.
262#
238#
263# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time
264# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great
265# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time
266# Act 1916).... As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would
267# have already put the clocks back. Using DST as Dublin Summer Time the
268# sequence would have been:
269# Dublin London
270# 02:34 DST 02:59 BST
271# 02:35 DST 02:00 GMT
272# 02:59 DST 02:24 GMT
273# 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT
274# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once.
239# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362
275#
240#
276# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the
277# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source
278# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed
279# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time.
280
281# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-29):
241# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
242# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September,
243# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday.
282#
244#
283# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin
284# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom
285# ever since it first started in 1916.
245# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
286#
246#
287# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from
288# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date.
247# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916
248# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same
249# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man.
289#
250#
290# The dates used are those specified in the table in Summer Time: A Consultation
291# Document (Cm 722, 1989) that are now included in the europe file, with a
292# change to a single date, the start in 1924. I made a typo in my 1989 mail
293# and the table itself is also wrong. The correct date is 13 April.
294# The times were 02:00 GMT up to and including 1980, 01:00 GMT from 1981 on,
295# except for wartime double summer time.
251# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
296#
252#
297# As evidence I would cite:
253# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
254# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September,
255# both at 02:00 GMT.
298#
256#
299# - The Summer Time Act, 1916.
257# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429
300#
258#
301# This specifically states that it applies to Ireland, specifies dates of
302# 21 May and 1 October and times of 02:00, and says that in Ireland the
303# times relate to Dublin mean time. It specifies an offset of 1 hour.
259# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times.
304#
260#
305# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916
261# - The Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918
262# (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 59)
306#
263#
307# This abolishes Dublin mean time on 02:00 DMT 1 October 1916.
308# It repeals that section of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880
309# that specifies DMT. It is therefore a safe bet that DMT existed at least
310# from 1880 and was the only alternative standard time in the UK.
264# This gave power to specify a legal end date for the war just ended,
265# which would affect things like the Summer Time Act, 1916, which applied
266# only in wartime. This date was to be close to the date of formal
267# ratification of the treaty or treaties of peace.
311#
268#
312# - The Summer Time Act, 1922
269# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
313#
270#
271# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
272# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September,
273# both at 02:00 GMT.
274#
275# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366
276#
277# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times.
278#
279# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
280#
281# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
282# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September,
283# both at 02:00 GMT.
284#
285# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573
286#
287# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times.
288#
289# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
290#
291# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to
292# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to
293# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green
294# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike.
295#
296# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 Geo. 5. c. 5)
297#
298# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916
299# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war.
300# Came into force on 31 March 1920. Although the war had been over for more
301# than 12 months by then the legal end date had not yet been set.
302#
303# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
304#
305# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
306# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
307# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
308#
309# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364
310#
311# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times.
312#
313# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
314#
315# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
316# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
317# in 1921 of Sunday 26 March to Sunday 8 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
318# It also mentions the arrangements for defining the legal end date
319# for the late war. An Order was made on 10 August 1921, under the
320# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918, setting
321# a date of 31 August 1921. This means the powers of the Summer Time
322# Act, 1916 would finally expire on 31 August 1922.
323#
324# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???)
325#
326# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order.
327#
328# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22)
329#
314# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
315# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
316# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
317# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
330# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
331# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
332# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
333# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
318# so approved.
334# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
335# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday.
319#
336#
320# It specifically states that it applies to Northern Ireland, the Channel
321# Islands, and the Isle of Man.
337# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205
322#
338#
323# - The Summer Time Act, 1925
339# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920
340# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending
341# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man.
324#
342#
343# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37)
344#
345# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
346# 31 December 1924.
347#
348# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm)
349#
350# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
351# 31 December 1925.
352#
353# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.))
354#
355# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating
356# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply
357# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect
358# accordingly.
359#
360# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64)
361#
325# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
362# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
326# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent,
327# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply.
363# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925.
328#
364#
329# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379
330# [SR&O == Statutory Regulation and Order]
365# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???)
331#
366#
367# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to
368# do all manner of things during the newly started war.
369#
370# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
371#
332# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
372# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
333# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
334# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation,
335# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act,
336# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland.
373# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
337#
374#
338# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
339# 1939, SR&O 1940 No. 1883
375# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172
340#
376#
377# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
378# It changed the start date to the day after the fourth Saturday in February
379# (ie. 25 Feb 1940).
380#
381# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883
382#
383# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
341# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
384# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
342# It says nothing about extent and has no consequential changes.
343#
385#
344# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
345# 1939, SR&O 1941 No. 476
386# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
346#
387#
388# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
347# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
348# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
349# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
389# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
390# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
391# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
350# which continues throughout the rest of the year. It goes on a lot about
351# consequential changes to agricultural wages legislation, and says in part
352# `... and in its application to Northern Ireland have effect as
353# if for the references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) Acts, 1924 and
354# 1940, there were substituted references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation)
355# Acts (Northern Ireland), 1939 and 1940, ...'. It also has a similar section
356# for Scotland. Both sections substitute the local Agricultural Wages Board
357# for the Agricultural Wages Board for England and Wales, showing that
358# England and Wales were indivisible.
392# which continues throughout the rest of the year.
359#
393#
360# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
361# 1939, SR&O 1942 No. 506
394# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
362#
395#
363# This changes the start date of double summer time to the day after the first
364# Saturday in April. It says nothing about extent.
396# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
397# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first
398# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May.
365#
399#
366# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
367# 1939, SR&O 1944 No. 932
400# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
368#
401#
369# This changed the end date of double summer time to 17 September 1944.
370# (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost
371# certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.)
402# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
403# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to the day after the
404# third Saturday in September (ie. 17 September 1944).
372#
405#
373# (I am missing whatever regulations there were to change things in 1945
374# and the Summer Time Act, 1947.)
406# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
375#
407#
376# - The British Standard Time Act, 1968
408# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
409# This changes the start and end dates of Double Summer Time to the
410# day after the first Sunday in April and the day after the second Saturday
411# in July (ie. Mon 2 April to Sun 15 July).
377#
412#
378# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
379# the year as an experiment until it expired on 31 October 1971.
380# There was no double summer time so we didn't have to change the clocks at all.
381# It specifically said it applied to Northern Ireland. It also said it
382# applied to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man unless they passed
383# measures saying it didn't.
413# I have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom
414# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60, explaining the
415# unusual start on a Monday:
384#
416#
385# - The Manx Time Act, 1968
417# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
418# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
419# regarding double summer time.
386#
420#
387# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
388# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
421# [two other similar questions omitted]
389#
422#
390# - The Summer Time Act, 1972
423# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
424# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
425# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
426# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
427# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
428# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
429# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from
430# Monday, 2nd April.'
391#
431#
392# This specified a reversion to normal summer time behaviour with a start
393# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
394# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
395# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
396# 1 hour.
432# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
397#
433#
398# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968,
399# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the
400# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it.
434# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking
435# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
436# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
437# It was made on 28 September, early enough to end Summer Time on the
438# date defined by the 1925 Act: 7 October.
401#
439#
402# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to
403# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes
404# to 01:00 GMT.)
440# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16)
405#
441#
406# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutory Instrument]
442# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and
443# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time
444# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour
445# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday
446# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00
447# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years,
448# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied
449# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
407#
450#
408# This specifies dates of:
409# Start End
410# 1993 28 March 24 October
411# 1994 27 March 23 October
412# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT....
451# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
413#
452#
414# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes
453# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1948 of
454# 14 March and 31 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
415#
455#
416# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
417# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
418# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
419# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
420# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
456# Although the 1947 Act had legislated for Double Summer Time, this was
457# not continued after 1947.
421#
458#
422# So, many of these measures specifically include Northern Ireland,
423# the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. None of them exclude any
424# part of the UK. The default interpretation of Acts is that they apply
425# throughout the UK.
459# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
426#
460#
427# With that, I rest my case Milud :-)
461# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1949
462# of 3 April and 30 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
428#
463#
429# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
430# the dusty old statutes, and to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
431# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
432# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter).
433
434# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-05-29):
435# I have now got a copy of the British Standard Time Act 1968.
436# It says (S4(2)) that it expires at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971 unless
437# an Order in Council was passed in Parliament to make the Act permanent.
438# No Order was passed, so 02:00 1971-10-31 it is...
464# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
439#
465#
466# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1950
467# of 16 April and 22 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
468#
469# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
470#
471# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1951
472# of 15 April and 21 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
473#
474# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
475#
476# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1952
477# of 20 April and 26 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
478#
479# This is the last of this run of Orders, so for 1953 things reverted
480# to the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
481#
482# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???)
483#
484# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the
485# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the
486# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916.
487#
488# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
489#
490# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961
491#
492# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
493#
494# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962.
495#
496# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
497#
498# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963.
499#
500# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
501#
502# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964.
503#
504# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
505#
506# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT):
507# 1965: 21 March to 24 October
508# 1966: 20 March to 23 October
509# 1967: 19 March to 29 October
510#
511# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
512# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
513#
514# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United
515# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October,
516# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date
517# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom.
518#
519# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45)
520#
521# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
522# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the
523# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent.
524# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
525#
440# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
441# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
442# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
443# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
444# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
445# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
446# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
447# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
526# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
527# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
528# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
529# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
530# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
531# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
532# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
533# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
448# summer time in 1968....
449
450# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-11-18)
534# summer time in 1968.
451#
535#
452# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent
453# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and
454# all the Acts.
536# - The Manx Time Act 1968
455#
537#
456# There are no changes to the dates we already have.
538# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
539# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
457#
540#
458# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order
459# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a
460# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed
461# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone.
541# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6)
462#
542#
463# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders.
464# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time
465# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in
466# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all.
467# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the
468# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent.
469# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it
470# again so they leave it out.
543# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start
544# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
545# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
546# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
547# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and
548# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for
549# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom.
471#
550#
472# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript
473# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in
474# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government
475# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)].
551# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30)
476#
552#
477# Peter Ilieve peter@memex.co.uk
553# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of
554# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal
555# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it
556# has its own Interpretation Act listed above).
478#
557#
558# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC)
479#
559#
480# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates
481# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper.
482# ## Lines like this are comments.
483# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output
484# ## Control lines are of the form
485# ## <years> <start date> <end date> <flags> <double start> <double end>
486# ## <years> is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with --
487# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot.
488# ## <start date> and <end date> are a digit followed bu a month name.
489# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explicit date, depending on <flags>.
490# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71.
491# ## <flags> can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double'
492# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present.
493# ## At present double requires fixed as well.
494# ## <double start> and <double end> are like the start and end dates, with
495# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature.
560# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start
561# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates.
562# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'.
563# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change
564# time. The dates:
565# 1981: 29 March
566# 1982: 28 March
496#
567#
497# ## Blank lines are also ignored.
568# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
498#
569#
499# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates
500# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ???
501# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table.
570# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the
571# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT:
572# 1981: 29 March to 25 October
573# 1982: 28 March to 24 October
502#
574#
503# # Summer Time Act, 1916
504# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed
575# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements
576# (82/399/EEC)
505#
577#
506# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them.
507# # unknown Order or Orders ???
508# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed
509# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed
510# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed
511# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722)
512# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed
513# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed
578# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985.
579# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't
580# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common
581# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of
582# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March.
583# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as:
584# 1983: 25 September or 23 October
585# 1984: 30 September or 28 october
586# 1985: 29 September or 27 October
514#
587#
515# # Summer Time Act, 1922
516# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ???
517# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed
518# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September
588# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
519#
589#
520# # Summer Time Act, 1925
521# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October
590# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates.
591# 1983: 27 March to 23 October
592# 1984: 25 March to 28 october
593# 1985: 31 March to 27 October
522#
594#
523# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939
524# 1939 3 April 3 November
525# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883)
526# 1940 4 feb 0 none
527# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476)
528# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug
529# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506)
530# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug
531# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug
532# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932)
533# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep
534# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945
535# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul
595# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements
596# (84/634/EEC)
536#
597#
537# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
538# 1946 3 April 1 October
598# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end
599# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at
600# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates:
601# 1986: 28 September or 26 October
602# 1987: 27 September or 25 October
603# 1988: 25 September or 23 October
539#
604#
540# # Summer Time Act, 1947
541# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time
542# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug
543# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948.
544# # Unknown Order ???
545# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed
546# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the
547# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc.
548# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ???
549# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed
550# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ???
551# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed
552# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ???
553# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed
554# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ???
555# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed
605# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
556#
606#
557# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
558# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October
607# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates.
608# 1986: 30 March to 26 October
609# 1987: 29 March to 25 October
610# 1988: 27 March to 23 October
559#
611#
560# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday
561# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967.
562# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967.
563# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71)
564# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed
565# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465)
566# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
567# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81)
568# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed
569# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101)
570# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed
571# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201)
572# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed
573# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed
574# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed
575# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148)
576# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man
577# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117)
578# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK
579# # British Standard Time Act, 1968
580# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed
581# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none
582# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed
612# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC
613# on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC)
583#
614#
584# # Summer Time Act, 1972
585# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October
615# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC.
616# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging
617# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different
618# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going
619# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded
620# without any change to the dates themselves.
586#
621#
587# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct
588# # First EC Directive ???
589# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089)
590# 1981 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
591# 1982 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
592# # Second EC Directive ???
593# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673)
594# 1983 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
595# 1984 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
596# 1985 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
597# # Third EC Directive ???
598# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223)
599# 1986 30 Mar 26 Oct fixed
600# 1987 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
601# 1988 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
602# # Fourth EC Directive ???
603# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931)
604# 1989 26 Mar 29 Oct fixed
605# # Fifth EC Directive ???
606# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985)
607# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
608# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
609# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
610# # Sixth EC Directive
611# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729)
612# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
613# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
614
615# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-08-18):
616# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements
617# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May....
618# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year
619# that the UK and Eire finish on a different date from everyone else,
620# and the common end date from 1996 onwards will be the last Sunday in October.
621# Year Start End End (UK & Eire, 1995 only)
622# (rule) (last Sun) (last Sun) (4th Sun)
623# 1995 26 March 24 September 22 October
624# 1996 31 March 27 October
625# 1997 30 March 26 October
622# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements
623# (88/14/EEC)
626#
624#
627# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-01):
628# The final piece of the legislative jigsaw for summer time in the UK for
629# 1995-97 is now in place. The Summer Time Order 1994 (SI 1994/2798)
630# came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC
631# seventh Summer Time Directive....
625# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that
626# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom
627# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from
628# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October.
629# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given:
630# 1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October
632#
631#
633# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1997-08-06):
634# I now have a copy of the ... Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European
635# Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements.
636# It runs for 4 years, 1998--2001, and confirms the current rules of
637# last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October....
638# The directive does not apply in overseas territories of the Member States.
639# It says the Commission should produce a proposal for 2002 and beyond
640# by 1 Jan 2000 and this should be adopted by 1 Jan 2001. I doubt that
641# this will happen though....
642# There is no mention of the French desire to abandon the whole idea.
643# France has had a change of government recently so maybe it will
644# be quietly dropped.
632# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
633#
634# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989.
635#
636# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements
637# (89/47/EEC)
638#
639# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both
640# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday
641# in October) and specific dates:
642# 1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October
643# 1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October
644# 1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October
645#
646# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
647#
648# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates.
649#
650# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime
651# arrangements
652#
653# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified
654# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates:
655# 1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October
656# 1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October
657#
658# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
659#
660# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates.
661#
662# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
663# of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements
664#
665# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached
666# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given.
667# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September
668# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the
669# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of
670# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed
671# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier
672# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given:
673# 1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October
674# 1996: 31 March to 27 October
675# 1997: 30 March to 26 October
676#
677# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
678#
679# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995.
680# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of
681# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation
682# on the subject.
683#
684# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
685# of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements
686#
687# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both
688# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates:
689# 1998: 29 March to 25 October
690# 1999: 28 March to 31 October
691# 2000: 26 March to 29 October
692# 2001: 25 March to 28 October
693#
694# <a href="http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm">
695# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
696# </a>
697#
698# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man,
699# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order.
645
700
646# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28):
647# The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule
648# of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
649# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989,
650# when 29 October was used. That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order
651# for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC
652# directive for just this year. I don't have the text of the 5th EC
653# directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun.
654# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule
655# of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990.
701# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
702#
703# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
704# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
705# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
706# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
707# </a>.
656
657# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
658#
708
709# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
710#
659# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
711# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
660# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
661# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
662# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
663# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925.
664# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition;
665# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other
666# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now.
667# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.

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692# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
693# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
694# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
695# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
696# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
697# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
698
699# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
712# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
713# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
714# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
715# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925.
716# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition;
717# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other
718# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now.
719# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.

--- 24 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

744# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
745# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
746# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
747# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
748# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
749# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
750
751# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
700# 1916 to 1925--irregular
752# Summer Time Act, 1916
701Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
702Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
753Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
754Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
755# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
703Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
704Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
756Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
757Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
758# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
705Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
706Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
759Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
760Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
761# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
707Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
708Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
762Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
763Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
764# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
709Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
765Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
766# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
710Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
767Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
768# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
711Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
712Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
769Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
770Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
771# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
713Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
772Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
773# The Summer Time Act, 1922
714Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
715Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
716Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
774Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
775Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
776Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
717Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
718# 1925 to 1939 start--regular, except for avoiding Easter
777Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
719Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
778Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
779# The Summer Time Act, 1925
720Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
780Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
721Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
781Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
722Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
782Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
723Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
783Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
724Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
784Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
725Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 BST
785Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
726Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
786Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
727Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
787Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
728Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
788Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
729Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
789Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
730Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
790Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
731# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
732Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT
733Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST
791# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
792Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
793# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
794Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
795# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
734Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
735Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
796Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
797Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
798# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
736Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
799Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
800# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
737Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
801Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
738# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above.
739Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
740Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST
741Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT
742Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
743Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT
802# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
803Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
804Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
805# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
806Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
807Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
808# The Summer Time Act, 1947
744Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
745Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
746Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
747Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
809Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
810Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
811Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
812Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
748# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular.
813# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
749Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
814Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
750Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT
815Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
816# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
751Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
817Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
752# 1950 through start of 1953, regular.
753Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
818Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
819# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
820# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
821# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
822Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
754Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
823Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
755# 1954 to 1980, starting rules
756Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 BST
824# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
825Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
826Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
827Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
757Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
828Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
758Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
829Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
759Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
830Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
760Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
831Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
832# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
833# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
834# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
761Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
835Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
836Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
837# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
838# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
839# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
762Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
840Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
841# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
763Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
842Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
843# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
844# (no summer time)
845# The Summer Time Act, 1972
764Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
846Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
765# 1953 to 1980, ending rules
766Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT
767Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
768Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
847Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
769# 1981 on
848# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
849# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
850# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
851# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
770Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
771Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
852Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
853Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
854# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
855# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
856# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
772Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
857Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
858# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
773# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
774
775# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
776Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
777 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
778 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
779 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
780 0:00 EU GMT/BST
781Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
782 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
859# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
860
861# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
862Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
863 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
864 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
865 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
866 0:00 EU GMT/BST
867Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
868 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
783 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 # Irish Summer Time
869 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time
784 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
785 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
786 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
787 0:00 EU GMT/BST
788Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
789 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
870 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
871 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
872 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
873 0:00 EU GMT/BST
874Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
875 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
790 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
876 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
791 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
792 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
793 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
794 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
795 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
796 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
797 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
798 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u

--- 58 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

857Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST
858Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
859Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
860Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
861Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
862# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
863# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
864# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
877 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
878 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
879 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
880 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
881 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
882 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
883 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
884 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u

--- 58 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

943Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST
944Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
945Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
946Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
947Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
948# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
949# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
950# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
865Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS
951Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
866Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
867Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
952Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
953Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
954# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
868Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
869Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
955Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
956Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
957# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
958# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
870Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
871Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
959Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
960Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
961#
872Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
873Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
874Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
875Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
876Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
877
878# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
879

--- 85 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

965Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
966 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
967 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
968 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
969 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
970 1:00 EU CE%sT
971
972# Belarus
962Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
963Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
964Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
965Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
966Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
967
968# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
969

--- 85 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1055Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
1056 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
1057 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
1058 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1059 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
1060 1:00 EU CE%sT
1061
1062# Belarus
1063# Transitions before 1991 are from Shanks (1995).
973# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
974Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
1064# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1065Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
975 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
976 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
1066 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
977 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1067 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1068 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
1069 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
978 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
979 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1070 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1071 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
980 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00
981 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00
1072 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1073 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 2:00s
982 2:00 Russia EE%sT
983
984# Belgium
985#
986# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
987# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
988# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
989# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991

--- 47 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1037 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
1038 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
1039 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
1040 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
1041 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1042 1:00 EU CE%sT
1043
1044# Bosnia and Herzegovina
1074 2:00 Russia EE%sT
1075
1076# Belgium
1077#
1078# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
1079# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
1080# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
1081# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991

--- 47 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1129 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
1130 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
1131 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
1132 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
1133 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1134 1:00 EU CE%sT
1135
1136# Bosnia and Herzegovina
1045# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1046Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
1047 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1048 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1049 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1050 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1051 1:00 EU CE%sT
1137# see Yugoslavia
1052
1053# Bulgaria
1054# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1055Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
1056Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1057Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
1058Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
1059Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
1060# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1061Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
1062 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
1063 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
1064 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
1065 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
1066 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
1067 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1068 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
1069
1070# Croatia
1138
1139# Bulgaria
1140# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1141Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
1142Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1143Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
1144Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
1145Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
1146# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1147Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
1148 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
1149 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
1150 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
1151 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
1152 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
1153 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1154 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
1155
1156# Croatia
1071# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1072Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
1073 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1074 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1075 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1076 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1077 1:00 EU CE%sT
1157# see Yugosloavia
1078
1079# Czech Republic
1080# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
1081# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1082Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
1083Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1084Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
1085Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1086Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
1087Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1088Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
1089# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1090Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
1091 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
1092 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
1093 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
1094 1:00 EU CE%sT
1095
1158
1159# Czech Republic
1160# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
1161# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1162Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
1163Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1164Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
1165Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1166Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
1167Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1168Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
1169# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1170Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
1171 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
1172 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
1173 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
1174 1:00 EU CE%sT
1175
1096# Denmark
1176# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
1097# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
1098# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1099Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1100Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
1101Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1102Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1103Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
1104Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S

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1165 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1166 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1167 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1168 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1169 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1170 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1171 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1172 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1177# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
1178# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1179Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1180Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
1181Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1182Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1183Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
1184Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S

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1245 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1246 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1247 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1248 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1249 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1250 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1251 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1252 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1173 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1253 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1254 2:00 EU EE%sT
1174
1175# Finland
1176# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
1177#
1178# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
1179# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1180# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1181#

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1189# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1190Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
1191 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1192 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
1193 2:00 EU EE%sT
1194
1195# France
1196# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
1255
1256# Finland
1257# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
1258#
1259# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
1260# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1261# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1262#

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1270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1271Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
1272 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1273 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
1274 2:00 EU EE%sT
1275
1276# France
1277# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
1197# French Revolutionary calendar used 1792-09-22 - 1805-12-31.
1278# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
1279# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
1198#
1199# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
1200# From Shanks (1991):
1201# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1202Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1280#
1281# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
1282# From Shanks (1991):
1283# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1284Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1203Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1285Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
1204Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1205Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1206Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1207Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1208Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1209Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1210Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1211Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S

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1226Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1227Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1228Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1229Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1230Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1231Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1232# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
1233# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
1286Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1287Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1288Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1289Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1290Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1291Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1292Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1293Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S

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1308Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1309Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1310Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1311Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1312Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1313Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1314# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
1315# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
1234Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 DS
1235Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 S
1236Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 DS
1316Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1317# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
1318# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12),
1319# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
1320# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
1321Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
1322Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
1237Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
1323Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
1238Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 DS
1239Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 S
1240Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 DS
1324Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
1325Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
1326Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
1241Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
1327Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
1242Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 DS
1328Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
1243Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1329Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1244Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 S
1245Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1330# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
1331# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
1332Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
1333Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
1246# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
1247# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1248# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1249# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1250# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1334# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
1335# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1336# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1337# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1338# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1251Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1339Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1252 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1340 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1253 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14
1341# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
1342 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1254 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1343 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1255 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1344 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1256 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1257 1:00 EU CE%sT
1258
1259# Germany
1260
1345 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1346 1:00 EU CE%sT
1347
1348# Germany
1349
1350# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
1351# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1352# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1353#
1354# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
1355# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
1356# </a>
1357
1261# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1262Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1358# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1359Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1263Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 DS
1264Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1360# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes
1361# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem)
1362# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times.
1363Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1364Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S
1265Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1266Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1365Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1366Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1267# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1268Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1367# Shanks gives 1946-10-06; go with the PTB.
1368Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1369Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1269Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
1370Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
1270Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 DS
1371# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times;
1372# go with Shanks.
1373Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1271Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1272Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1273Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1274# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1275Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1276 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1277 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1278 1:00 EU CE%sT

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1411 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1412 0:00 - GMT
1413
1414# Italy
1415# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
1416#
1417# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
1418# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
1374Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1375Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1376Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1378Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1379 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1380 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1381 1:00 EU CE%sT

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1514 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1515 0:00 - GMT
1516
1517# Italy
1518# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
1519#
1520# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
1521# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
1419# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (1996-03-14) (`FP'
1420# below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute publication.
1421# When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1522# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
1523# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
1524# </a>
1525# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1526# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1422#
1423# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1424# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1425# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1426# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1427# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1428# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1429# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W

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1481 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1482 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1483 1:00 EU CE%sT
1484
1485Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1486Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1487
1488# Latvia
1527#
1528# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1529# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1530# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1531# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1532# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1533# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1534# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W

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1586 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1587 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1588 1:00 EU CE%sT
1589
1590Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1591Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1592
1593# Latvia
1489# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1490# Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks. They contradict
1491# IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but
1492# Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year,
1493# so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply.
1594
1595# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17):
1596
1597# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1598# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1599# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1600# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1601#
1602# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1603# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1604# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1605# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1606# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1607#
1608# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1609# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1610# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1611# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1612# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1613# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1614#
1615# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1616# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1617# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1618# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1619# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1620# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1621# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1622# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1623# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1624# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1625#
1626# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1627# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1628# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1629
1494# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1630# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1495Rule Latvia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1496Rule Latvia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1631Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1632Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1497# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1498Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1499 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1500 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1501 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1502 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1503 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1504 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1505 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1633# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1634Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1635 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1636 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1637 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1638 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1639 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1640 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1641 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1506 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8
1507 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1508 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1509 2:00 Latvia EE%sT
1642 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1643 # Shanks says 1944-08-08, but
1644 # Riga fell to the Red Army on 1944-10-13.
1645 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1646 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1647 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1648 2:00 EU EE%sT
1510
1511# Liechtenstein
1512# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1513Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1514 1:00 - CET 1981
1515 1:00 EU CE%sT
1516
1517# Lithuania
1518# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1519Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1520 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1521 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1522 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1523 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1524 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1525 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1526 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1527 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1528 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1649
1650# Liechtenstein
1651# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1652Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1653 1:00 - CET 1981
1654 1:00 EU CE%sT
1655
1656# Lithuania
1657# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1658Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1659 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1660 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1661 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1662 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1663 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1664 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1665 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1666 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1667 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1529 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1668 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1669 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1670 1:00 EU CE%sT
1530# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1531# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1532# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1533
1671# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1672# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1673# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1674
1675# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
1676# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1677# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1678
1534# Luxembourg
1535# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1536# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1537Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1538Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1539Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1540Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1541Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S

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1562 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1563 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1564 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1565 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1566 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1567 1:00 EU CE%sT
1568
1569# Macedonia
1679# Luxembourg
1680# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1681# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1682Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1683Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1684Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1685Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1686Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S

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1707 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1708 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1709 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1710 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1711 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1712 1:00 EU CE%sT
1713
1714# Macedonia
1570# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1571Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
1572 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1573 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1574 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1575 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1576 1:00 EU CE%sT
1715# see Yugoslavia
1577
1578# Malta
1579# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1580Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1581Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1582Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1583Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1584Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S

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1664Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1665Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1666# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1667Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
1668 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1669 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1670 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1671 1:00 EU CE%sT
1716
1717# Malta
1718# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1719Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1720Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1721Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1722Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1723Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S

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1803Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1804Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1805# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1806Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
1807 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1808 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1809 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1810 1:00 EU CE%sT
1672#
1673# Svalbard
1811
1812# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1674Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1813Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1675#
1676# Jan Mayen
1677# From Whitman:
1678# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1679Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1680
1681# Poland
1682# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1683Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1684Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S

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1706 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1707 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1708 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1709 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1710 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1711 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1712 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
1713# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
1814# From Whitman:
1815# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1816Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1817
1818# Poland
1819# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1820Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1821Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S

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1843 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1844 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1845 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1846 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1847 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1848 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1849 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
1850# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
1714# <URL:http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml>
1715# (1995-09-24) says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
1851# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
1852# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
1853# </a>
1854# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
1716# Stick with W-Eur for now.
1717
1718# Portugal
1719# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
1720#
1721# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
1722# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1723# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.

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1768Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1769# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
1770Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1771Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1772# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1773Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
1774Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1775Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
1855# Stick with W-Eur for now.
1856
1857# Portugal
1858# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
1859#
1860# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
1861# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1862# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.

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1907Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1908# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
1909Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1910Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1911# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1912Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
1913Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1914Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
1776Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 DS
1915Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
1777Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
1778Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
1916Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
1917Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
1779Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 DS
1918Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
1780Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
1919Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
1781Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 DS
1920Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
1782Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
1783Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1784Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1785Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1786# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1787# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
1788Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1789Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -

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1958 12:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1959 12:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1960 13:00 Russia AS%s
1961
1962# Slovakia
1963Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
1964
1965# Slovenia
1921Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
1922Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1923Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1924Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1925# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1926# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
1927Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1928Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -

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2097 12:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2098 12:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2099 13:00 Russia AS%s
2100
2101# Slovakia
2102Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
2103
2104# Slovenia
1966# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1967Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
1968 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1969 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1970 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1971 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1972 1:00 EU CE%sT
2105# see Yugoslavia
1973
1974# Spain
1975# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
1976# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1977# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
1978Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1979Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
1980Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S

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1991Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1992# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
1993Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
1994Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1995Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
1996Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1997Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1998# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
2106
2107# Spain
2108# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
2109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2110# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
2111Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2112Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
2113Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S

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2124Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
2125# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
2126Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2127Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2128Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2129Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2130Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2131# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
1999Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 DS
2132Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
2000Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
2133Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
2001Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 DS
2134Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
2002Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
2003Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
2004Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
2005Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2006Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
2007Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
2008Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
2009Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -

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2039 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2040 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
2041 0:00 EU WE%sT
2042# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2043# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2044
2045# Sweden
2046
2135Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
2136Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
2137Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
2138Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2139Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
2140Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
2141Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
2142Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -

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2172 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2173 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
2174 0:00 EU WE%sT
2175# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2176# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2177
2178# Sweden
2179
2047# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com>:
2180# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader)
2181# <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com">
2182# Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale?
2183# </a>
2184# Date: 1996-07-06
2048#
2049# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden
2050# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
2051# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
2052# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
2053# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
2054#
2055# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;

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2069Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
2070 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
2071 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
2072 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
2073 1:00 - CET 1980
2074 1:00 EU CE%sT
2075
2076# Switzerland
2185#
2186# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden
2187# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
2188# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
2189# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
2190# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
2191#
2192# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;

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2206Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
2207 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
2208 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
2209 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
2210 1:00 - CET 1980
2211 1:00 EU CE%sT
2212
2213# Switzerland
2214# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland,
2215# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812.
2077# From Howse (1988), p 82:
2078# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2079# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2080# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
2081# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2082# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
2083Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
2084Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -

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2174Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST
2175Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST
2176Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST
2177Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT
2178Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST
2179Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST
2180Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST
2181Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT
2216# From Howse (1988), p 82:
2217# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2218# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2219# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
2220# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2221# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
2222Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
2223Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -

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2313Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST
2314Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST
2315Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST
2316Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT
2317Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST
2318Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST
2319Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST
2320Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT
2182Rule Crimea 1996 max - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 -
2183Rule Crimea 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 -
2321Rule Crimea 1996 only - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 -
2322Rule Crimea 1996 only - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 -
2184# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2185Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2186 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2
2187 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2188 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17
2189 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996
2190 2:00 EU EE%sT
2191Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2192 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2
2193 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2194 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2195 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2196# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
2197# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
2198# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2199# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
2200 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb
2323# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2324Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2325 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2
2326 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2327 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17
2328 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996
2329 2:00 EU EE%sT
2330Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2331 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2
2332 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2333 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2334 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2335# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
2336# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
2337# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2338# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
2339 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb
2201# From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2340# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2202 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996
2341 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996
2203 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD
2342# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2343# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2344 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2345 2:00 EU EE%sT
2204
2205# Yugoslavia
2206# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2207Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2208 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2209 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
2210 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2211# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
2212# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2213# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
2214 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2215 1:00 EU CE%sT
2346
2347# Yugoslavia
2348# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2349Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2350 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2351 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
2352 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2353# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
2354# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2355# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
2356 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2357 1:00 EU CE%sT
2358Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
2359Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
2360Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
2361Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
2216
2217###############################################################################
2218
2219# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2220# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2221# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2222#
2223# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but

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2284
2285# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
2286# ...
2287# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
2288# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
2289# ...
2290# Monaco: has same DST as France.
2291# ...
2362
2363###############################################################################
2364
2365# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2366# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2367# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2368#
2369# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but

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2430
2431# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
2432# ...
2433# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
2434# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
2435# ...
2436# Monaco: has same DST as France.
2437# ...
2292
2293# ...
2294# Date: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:43:41 BST
2295# From: Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk>
2296# ...
2297# Turning to Europe, I now have a copy of the `Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC
2298# of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements'. This only covers 1993 and
2299# 1994, a seventh one is in the works but I doubt that the algorithm will
2300# change. This says summertime starts at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March
2301# and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in September, except for the UK
2302# and Eire where it ends at 01:00 GMT on the fourth Sunday in October.
2303# It says the arrangements for 1995 onwards will be decided by 1 January 1994,
2304# but as the sixth directive was supposed to appear by 1 Jan 92 and didn't
2305# arrive til March I wouldn't hold your breath.
2306#
2307# The first summertime directive was adopted in 1980, although the UK didn't
2308# seem to use it until 1981. I suspect it would be safe to move your start
2309# dates for the -Eur rules back to 1981.